User:Ninazamani/sandbox/a

History[edit]
Fullwood et al. (2009), used ChIA-PET to detect and map the chromatin interaction network mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in human cancer cells. The resulting global chromatin interactome map revealed that remote ER-alpha-binding sites were also anchored to gene promoters through long-range chromatin interactions suggesting that ER-alpha functions by extensive chromatin looping in order to bring genes together for coordinated transcriptional regulation.

=======Edited below========================================= ==

History[edit]
Transcription is a very complex and poorly understood mechanistically. In eukaryotes, the three-dimensional structure of chromatin plays a significant role in the process of transcription regulation. Many approaches have been created to explore this process, including ChIP-chip, ChIP-PET, and ChIP-Seq techniques.

None of these approaches were successful in detecting the long-range chromatin interactions involved in transcription. Several methods, including 3C (Chromosome Conformation Capture), 4C, and 5C, have played important roles in the recognition of long-range chromatin interaction.

An approach known as ChIA-PET does not have these drawbacks and has a far higher resolution. Fullwood et al. (2009), used ChIA-PET to detect and map the chromatin interaction network mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in human cancer cells. The resulting global chromatin interactome map revealed that remote ER-alpha-binding sites were also anchored to gene promoters through long-range chromatin interactions suggesting that ER-alpha functions by extensive chromatin looping in order to bring genes together for coordinated transcriptional regulation. This approach has been used to apply to many cells, including human cancer cells, with great success.

The basic ChIA-PET procedure only separates the chromatin loci by 20 (50?) bp, which is a significant constraint for distinguish haplotypes. ChIA-PET derived methods such as in situ ChIA-PET uses long read ChIA-PET able to detect chromatin interaction that is particular to a certain haplotype, reducing the need for very deep sequencing, and can be more practical.