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An Autonomous Cyber-Physical system (acronym: ACPS) is a Cyber-Physical System which shows an autonomous behavior.

Cyber-physical systems are systems in which physical and software components are deeply intertwined like smart grid, process control systems, and many others. An Autonomous Cyber-Physical system is capable of adapting to the external requirements without human intervention, managing complex decisions with performance and quality similar or better than what could be expected from experienced humans controlling the system. As an example, an autonomous process control system must be able to fully manage the complexity of the process while guaranteeing the safety and performance of the system under any condition, including those unforeseen at system design time.

The concept of Autonomous Cyber-Physical system was developed in the context of the research and innovation activities supported by the European Union, during the preparation phase of the Framework Programme 9, to be launched on 1/1/2021.

The first public documents defining the concept of Autonomous Cyber-Physical syste are the ECSEL Strategic Research Agenda and the HiPEAC Vision