User:Niohe/scratch/Qiying

Qiying Manchu statesman. Signed Treaty of Nanjing and a number of other commercial treaties with the West.

Reference

 * Fairbank, John King. "The Manchu Appeasement Policy of 1843." Journal of the American Oriental Society 59, no. 4 (1939): 469-84.
 * Hummel, Arthur William, ed. Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912). 2 vols. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1943.