User:Nishidani/sandbox

. (1) Statistical template

(2) Water Restrictions on Palestinians in the Occupied Territories

Protocol I of the |  Geneva Convention (1977) which states:

“It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of a civilian population, such as foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies and irrigation works, for the specific purpose of denying them for their sustenance value to the civilian population or to the adverse Party, whatever the motive, whether in order to starve out civilians, to cause them to move away, or for any other motive.”

Books ''
 * Alon Tal, Alfred Abed Rabbo,(eds.) Water Wisdom: Preparing the Groundwork for Cooperative and Sustainable Development in the Middle East,'' Rutger's University Press, 2010
 * Francesca de Châtel, Water Sheikhs and Dam Builders, Transaction Publishers, 2007


 * David Gompert, Kenneth Shine, Glenn Robinson Building a Successful Palestinian State, Rand Corporation, 2005


 * Jan Selby Water, Power and Politics in the Middle East: The Other Israeli-Palestinian Conflict I.B. Tauris, 2003


 * Jeffrey Karl Sosland Cooperating Rivals: The Riparian Politics of the Jordan River Basin, Suny, 2007


 * Elizabeth Matthews,(ed.) The Israeli-Palestine Conflict'' Routledge 2011
 * 'The Emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene group (EWASH)
 * "between 2009 and 2011, 173 different pieces of water, sanitation, or hygiene infrastructure were demolished, including the confiscation of water tankers, which are used as an emergency measure when access to water is prohibited. Beyond the Israeli military’s systematic targeting of infrastructure in Area C [62% of the West Bank], residents of the illegal Jewish-only settlements have also been carrying out acts of vandalism and destruction that specifically target Palestinian water sources and frequently taking over natural springs for their own recreational use."

Women, Water and Memory: Recasting Lives in Palestine, BRILL, 2009
 * Nefissa Naguib

Articles.
 * Ali Gharib, 'Michael Oren, Israel's Historian, Runs Afoul of History,', The Forward 20 May, 2014. Michael Oren getting the water distribution wrong, and dropping all pretence of being an historian dedicated to objectivity.
 * "You might think this a bit disturbing, but not to Michael Oren. Instead, the former diplomat “was disturbed by your (Rothkopf's) reference to the unequal distribution of water between Israelis and Palestinians.” Rothkopf had written that “local resources, like water, ought to be shared equitably.” That seemed uncontroversial, as does the implicit suggestion that these resources aren’t, today, shared that way. ROren responded that this notion constituted “a long-exposed Palestinian canard for which EU Parliament President Martin Schulz, after recently repeating it in front of the Knesset, apologized.” Schulz did kick up some controversy — Israeli minister Naftali Bennett demanded Schulz apologize — by quoting a Palestinian who’d told him that Israelis are allocated about four times more water than Palestinians. His interlocutor may have been wrong on specifics (a possibility Schulz himself conceded ), but not in the broad strokes. It was precisely these broad strokes that Oren sought to deny. Studies have indeed found broad disparities in water allocation for Israelis and Palestinians; even right-wing Israeli media has recognized the disparity is real, even if Schulz’s numbers weren’t correct. What’s more, some reports on a meeting between Schulz and Bennett a week after the incident made no mention of an apology, whereas others explicitly reported that no apology was made. You could be forgiven for being “disturbed” by a historian’s inability to adhere to basic facts, but it didn’t end there: Oren waded back into Jewish identity issues."


 * Muna Dajani, 'Drying Palestine: Israel’s Systemic Water War,' Al-Shabaka, the Palestinian Policy Network, 4 September 2014
 * Lauren Gelfond Feldinger, 'The politics of water: Palestinians bracing for another dry summer,' at Haaretz 13 April, 2013
 * 'On average, West Bank Palestinians have access to about 70 liters a day per person, although in some areas availability is as low as 15 liters, depending on the season. In contrast, Israeli citizens inside the Green Line or in West Bank communities utilize around 280-300 liters per person a day year-round, according to rights organizations, water NGOs and the Palestinian Water Authority..In the village of Al-Hadidiya, there are “20 liters of water available per person per day, compared to its neighbor, the Jewish settlement of Ro’i, which uses 431 liters per person per day, according to B’Tselem,” said Alex Abu Ata. “Israel drilled a well on land that Al-Hadidiya claims ownership on since Ottoman times, but the water is for the exclusive use of Ro’i.”'


 * As’ad Abdul Rahman, 'Gross violations: Israel’s water theft,' at Gulf News 27 October, 2012
 * Amira Hass 'Using water as a weapon in the West Bank,' at Haaretz, Aug.01, 2012
 * 'Gideon Levy has already reported on one Avi, an inspection coordinator for the Civil Administration who at the height of a heat wave confiscated water containers in the Jordan Valley that were the only water sources for hundreds of Palestinian and Bedouin families ("Water torture," July 8'
 * 'In the southern West Bank, it's inspector Alon. Two weeks before the High Court of Justice was to hear a petition against the demolition orders the Civil Administration issued for the shacks in the Palestinian hamlet of Zanuta, Alon went south to also deliver a demolition order against two wells.'
 * 'Goldstein writes as follows: "According to information available to the inspection unit and the Central Command, since 2009 it is possible to identify a gradually increasing trend of support and strengthening of the population in Area C by the Palestinian Authority, with the help of international organizations. This support manifests itself in various ways, starting with the supply of resources that enable staying in the field, such as water containers, sheds and water tanks, through legal help."Thus we are able to identify a significant increase in the dimensions of incursions into firing zones, both in terms of the number of trespassers and the scope of construction that they have carried out. This phenomenon poses a substantial security risk."
 * 'The Shin Bet-type terminology alone reflects the ethical and mental perversion that has inflicted this system. Not that this is new. Five years ago, when the COGAT was Maj. Gen. Amos Gilad, the system was full of creative ways to fulfill the government's order to allow only humanitarian traffic through the Gaza crossings. That's why there were periods in Gaza when you couldn't find toilet paper or sanitary napkins. That's how the system decided that Gazans could not eat pasta or hummus with pine nuts, nor could they use shampoo that also contained conditioner. The industrious officer-clerks even drew up a draft setting the minimum calorie intake for every Gazan. How can such ethical and mental perversion develop, that turn sheds and cisterns into a terror threat that merits the gathering of intelligence? It's a combination of uniforms, lack of transparency, real estate gluttony and biblical fads. It's true - they are only obeying orders. But it's also true that they are the real government that rules over the Palestinians. It's a clique of clerks and officers that by the power of their weapons imposes itself on a population that never elected them. There's no transparency or accountability, only a sure promotion through the ranks until they get to manage some corporation..'
 * Gideon Levy, 'Water torture,' at Haaretz, 8 July 2012
 * Avi is an inspection coordinator for the "Civil Administration" - the occupation regime. Avi confiscates water containers that serve hundreds of Palestinian and Bedouin families living in the Jordan Valley. The containers are these people's only water source. In recent weeks, Avi has confiscated about a dozen containers, leaving dozens of families with children in the horrific Jordan Valley heat, to go thirsty. The forms he takes pains to complete, in spiffy style, say: "There is reason to suspect they used the above merchandise for carrying out an offense." Avi's bosses claim the "offense" is stealing water from a pipe. This is why the containers are seized - with no inquiry, no trial. Israel does not permit thousands of these wretched people to hook up to the water pipes. This water is for Jews only. Even the greatest Israeli propagandists could not deny the nationalist, diabolical separation taking place here.


 * The axis of evil is located about an hour's drive from your home. But emotionally distant and far from the heart, it inspires no "social protest." And on the scale of Israeli evil, it is one of the worst. Backed with forms and bureaucracy, applied by ostensibly nonviolent inspectors, it involves not a drop of blood, yet leaves no drop of water either.


 * The Civil Administration is supposed to take care of the people's needs. But it does not stop at the most despicable measure - depriving people and livestock of water in the scathing summer heat - to implement Israel's strategic goal: to drive them from their lands and purge the valley of its non-Jewish residents.The stealing of water, whether it did or didn't take place, is of course only the excuse. Even if there was such a thing - what choice do these people have? The authorities won't allow them to connect to the water pipe running through their fields; pipes whose water is flowing to saturate the settlers' green vineyards and fields.


 * Last week I saw the people whose water container Avi had confiscated, leaving them thirsty. Newborn babies, a handicapped little girl, a small boy post-surgery, women and old folks, and, of course, the sheep - the only source of income here. Denizens with no water - in Israel, not in Africa. Water for one nation only - in Israel, not in South Africa.


 * But this is not the only watershed. A few days ago, the Israel Defense Forces decided to hold training exercises in the area. What did it do? Evicted the residents from their homes for 24 hours. Not all of them - only the Palestinians and Bedouin. It occurred to nobody to evict the residents of Maskiot, Beka'ot or Ro'i. The authorities don't call that apartheid, either. Where did the IDF evict them to? Wherever the wind carries them. Thus some 400 people were forced to leave their huts and tents and spend a day and a night on the arid soil by the roadside, exposed to the elements. Amjad Zahawa, a 2-day-old infant, passed his third day under the hot sun, with no shelter over his head. Greetings, Amjad; welcome to the reality of your life.


 * Water in Palestine, at If Americans Knew
 * UNRWA
 * Ben White, 'Israel is an apartheid state (no poll required),' at Aljazeera, 29 October 2012:'Palestinians, over 80 per cent of the population in the West Bank, are restricted to 20 per cent of the water from the main underground aquifer.'
 * Reuters, 'As Gaza heads for water crisis, desalination seen key,' at Ynet 22 July 2013
 * B'tselem Water Crisis
 * Akiva Eldar How do you say price tag in Arabic? At Haaretz 4 September, 2012. re destruction of Palestinian wells in area B where the Israeli civil administration has no authority
 * Amira Hass, Palestinian Authority: Israel violating Oslo deal on water prices At Haaretz 10 October, 2012
 * Zafrir Rinat, 'Most Palestinian sewage in West Bank untreated, contaminating water along Green Line,' at Haaretz 3 July 2013
 * Yuval Elizur, 'Over and drought: Why the end of Israel's water shortage is a secret,' Haaretz 24 Januay 2014
 * Xafrit Rinat, 'In Gaza-water- and time- are running out,' at Haaretz 29 January 2014
 * Seth Siegel, 'Israeli Water, Mid-East Peace? New York Times 16 February 2014 ('The Palestinians in the West Bank already receive much of their water from Israel’s national water utility and, sovereignty and symbolism aside, neither a two-state solution nor a continuation of the status quo will change that. Given their proximity to Israel, the Palestinians are likely to be among the few Arab winners in the water race.') (Very odd understanding of where Israel's acquifers come from!)
 * Ayman Rabi,'Water Apartheid in Palestine,' Counterpunch, March 26,2014
 * "The Oslo II Accords dealt Palestinians a singularly poor hand - limiting the volume of water it could produce, as well as imposing severe restrictions on the development and maintenance of Palestinian water infrastructure. The Accords allow Palestinans to abstract only 118 million cubic meters (mcm) per year from boreholes, wells, springs and precipitation in the West Bank. But Israel is allowed to take four times as much – 483 mcm per year – from the same Palestinian resources. So not only does Israel now occupy 80% of the area of historic Palestine, but it – via the water company Mekarot – also takes 80% of the water resources from the 20% of the land that is left to the Palestinians."


 * Noam, 'Arrested for stealing water, on the hottest week of the year,' News fromm Israel (blog: not usable) August 4th, 2010
 * 'Report: Israeli control over water a continuing threat to Palestinians,' Ma'an News Agency 21 March 2015.

Jordan Valley

 * Levy
 * Amira Hass, 'West Bank water shortage forcing Palestinians to lease land from settlers,' at Haaretz 3 August 2013

Gaza
Oded Eran and Gidon Bromberg, 'On water for Gaza, put politics aside,' The Times of Israel 10 October 2014 Israel presently sells an average of 4.7 million cubic meters (MCM) of potable water to Gaza, delivered through two grid connections: 2.8 MCM via the Bani Suhaila connection east of Khan-Younis, and 1.9 MCM via the Ben Said connection east of Deir el-Balah. Infrastructure constraints permitting, Israel could double this water supply for the immediate period. Following political delays of nearly 20 years, a third Israeli pipeline connection, at Nahal Oz in Israel, to northern Gaza, was completed several months ago but no water has yet flowed into Gaza. An urgent agreement should be reached between Israel and the Palestinian Water Authority, an arm of the Palestinian Government in Ramallah, to open the lever in Israel and provide up to 10 MCM of potable water flow into Gaza. In addition fuel and more generators need to be urgently delivered to Gaza to help operate what exists of Gaza’s inadequate sanitation system, with direct supply from Israel of an additional 3MW of electricity needed to operate the newly completed World Bank coordinated waste water treatment plant in Beit Lahia.