User:Nissimnanach/sandbox/ghetto

USHMM
Author(s):  United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

Holocaust Encyclopedia:

Final Solutions: Murderous Racial Hygiene, 1939–1945 https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/final-solutions-murderous-racial-hygiene-1939-1945

https://archive.ph/hzr3k#selection-4353.0-4361.126 Germans held Polish and other eastern Jews in special contempt, as “subhumans.” From the fall of 1939 to the summer of 1941, the Nazis concentrated some two million Jews in towns and cities and then segregated them into marked-off sections or ghettos. Some of the push to create sealed ghettos in Warsaw and other cities came from German public health officials who falsely linked Jews to the spread of typhus and other diseases.

Stroop Report
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-stroop-report-may-1943

https://archive.ph/VfLR1

...

The necessity of erecting a Ghetto in the City of Warsaw as well became more and more urgent in the summer of 1940, since more and more troops were being assembled in the district of Warsaw after termination of the French campaign. At that time the Department for Hygiene urged the speedy erection of a Ghetto in the interest of preserving the health of the German Forces and of the native population as well. The original plan of establishing the Ghetto in the suburb of Praga as intended in February 1940, would have taken at least 4 to 5 months, since almost 600,000 persons had to be moved. But since experience showed that greater outbreaks of epidemics might be expected in the winter months and since for this reason the District Medical Officer urged that the resettling action ought to be completed by 15 November 1940 at the latest, the plan of establishing a suburban ghetto in Praga was dropped; and instead, the area which hitherto had been used as a quarantine area for epidemics was selected for use as a Jewish residential area. In October 1940, the Governor ordered the Commissioner of the District, President for the City of Warsaw, to complete the resettlement necessary for establishing the Ghetto within the City of Warsaw by 15 November 1940. ...

Warsaw, 16 May, 1943. The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw. SS Brigadefuehrer and Majorgeneral of Police.

Sources:

https://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/avalon.htm

avalon link is dead, was redirected 2015

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/default.asp

https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/1061-ps.asp

https://archive.is/g7miv

Sydney Jewish Museum, Australia
Ghettos - The Holocaust

https://www.holocaust.com.au/the-facts/the-outbreak-of-world-war-ii-and-the-war-against-the-jews/ghettos/ https://archive.ph/2moc3

The Germans regarded the establishment of ghettos as temporary measures, in order to allow the higher echelon of the Nazi leadership in Berlin to decide upon a course of action by which to fulfil their objective of eliminating the Jewish population from Europe

USHMM
Experiencing History Holocaust Sources in Context1 of 15 items in

Public Health under the Third Reich

https://perspectives.ushmm.org/item/jews-are-lice-they-cause-typhus

https://archive.ph/2NA42

The Nazis often portrayed those they persecuted as vermin, parasites, or diseases. Nazi ideology focused on the idea that Germany’s "racial purity" was under attack from the "blood of weaker peoples," and Nazi propaganda often depicted Jews, political opponents, and others as parasitic organisms that threatened the overall health of the "German racial community" (Volksgemeinschaft).1 During the years of the Nazi regime, German doctors frequently argued that Jews spread disease. Reflecting common themes in Nazi propaganda, these medical professionals repeatedly pushed the false claim that Jews were especially responsible for outbreaks of typhus—a deadly contagious disease spread by lice.2

The Nazi propaganda poster featured here was created in 1941 for public display in German-occupied Poland. The Polish-language words translate roughly to "Jews are lice; they cause typhus." Designed to link Jews and typhus closely together in the minds of non-Jewish Poles, the poster shows one of the feared typhus-ridden lice drawn on top of the face of a Jewish man that has been made to look like a skull. Several other examples of antisemitic Nazi propaganda depict Jews covered in lice, but this image seems designed to suggest that Jews and lice are fundamentally similar creatures equally responsible for spreading the disease.

German doctors and public health officials in the Nazi regime helped advance these antisemitic ideas. They did not acknowledge that the German invasion of Poland and the creation of Jewish ghettos were actually responsible for creating typhus epidemics in occupied Poland by imposing hunger, poverty, overcrowding, and unsanitary conditions.3 Instead, German medical professionals published essays claiming that Jewish people’s supposedly “low cultural level” and "uncleanliness" were to blame.

The respected status of German physicians helped spread the lie that Jews were responsible for spreading typhus. Concerned only with preserving the health of German personnel, German public health officials in occupied Poland repeatedly urged occupation authorities to isolate Jews further from the rest of the population.4 Their professional medical advice was used to rationalize the creation of Jewish ghettos throughout occupied Poland.5 German occupation authorities used propaganda posters like this one to spread these unfounded justifications for the isolation of Jews from Polish society.

With refs

The Nazis often portrayed those they persecuted as vermin, parasites, or diseases. Nazi ideology focused on the idea that Germany’s "racial purity" was under attack from the "blood of weaker peoples," and Nazi propaganda often depicted Jews, political opponents, and others as parasitic organisms that threatened the overall health of the "German racial community" (Volksgemeinschaft).1

1 For example, the cover of the April 15, 1943 edition of the SS periodical Der Stürmer showed an image of "infectious germs" seen under a microscope. The microscopic symbols include many tiny Stars of David, the Soviet hammer and sickle, the American dollar sign, the British pound sign, and triangles representing concentration camp prisoners.

During the years of the Nazi regime, German doctors frequently argued that Jews spread disease. Reflecting common themes in Nazi propaganda, these medical professionals repeatedly pushed the false claim that Jews were especially responsible for outbreaks of typhus—a deadly contagious disease spread by lice.2

2 Typhus often spreads during times of war, when large groups of people are crowded together without regular opportunities to wash their clothing or bathe themselves. With symptoms including fever, rash, and disorientation, typhus was the most widely feared disease of World War II. For more on typhus in Experiencing History, see the Photograph of Warsaw Ghetto Quarantine and the Oral History with Avraham Tory.

The Nazi propaganda poster featured here was created in 1941 for public display in German-occupied Poland. The Polish-language words translate roughly to "Jews are lice; they cause typhus." Designed to link Jews and typhus closely together in the minds of non-Jewish Poles, the poster shows one of the feared typhus-ridden lice drawn on top of the face of a Jewish man that has been made to look like a skull. Several other examples of antisemitic Nazi propaganda depict Jews covered in lice, but this image seems designed to suggest that Jews and lice are fundamentally similar creatures equally responsible for spreading the disease.

German doctors and public health officials in the Nazi regime helped advance these antisemitic ideas. They did not acknowledge that the German invasion of Poland and the creation of Jewish ghettos were actually responsible for creating typhus epidemics in occupied Poland by imposing hunger, poverty, overcrowding, and unsanitary conditions.3

3 For more about these living conditions in Experiencing History, see the Experiencing History item, Diary of Janusz Korczak.

Instead, German medical professionals published essays claiming that Jewish people’s supposedly “low cultural level” and "uncleanliness" were to blame.

The respected status of German physicians helped spread the lie that Jews were responsible for spreading typhus. Concerned only with preserving the health of German personnel, German public health officials in occupied Poland repeatedly urged occupation authorities to isolate Jews further from the rest of the population.4

4 For more in Experiencing History about the priorities of public health in German-occupied Poland, see the Police Order on Tuberculosis X-rays.

Their professional medical advice was used to rationalize the creation of Jewish ghettos throughout occupied Poland.5

5 For more on German medical professionals' involvement in the ghettoization process, see Christopher R. Browning, "Genocide and Public Health: German Doctors and Polish Jews, 1939–41," Holocaust & Genocide Studies 3 (1988): 21–36.

German occupation authorities used propaganda posters like this one to spread these unfounded justifications for the isolation of Jews from Polish society.

Organic Bakery Miami
M.P. Geulah

Aug 23, 2020

German Germaphobia & Typhus Epidemic Led to the Holocaust: Will History Repeat Itself?

https://www.organicbakerymiami.com/single-post/german-germaphobia-typhus-fear-mongering-led-to-jewish-genocide-during-the-holocaust

https://archive.is/9sE0e In Warsaw, the Department for Hygiene urged the erection of a Ghetto to preserve the health of the local population. The Nazis spread propaganda that the Jews were spreading the typhus disease, thus they needed to be isolated and quarantined in Ghettos. (5)

(5) Typhus: The Influence of Society and State on a Human Disease Professor Michael Besser AM Clinical Associate Professor and Lecturer in Surgical Anatomy University of Sydney Australia

article archive (on WP predatory journal list)

https://archive.is/jw2Qr