User:Njiter98/sandbox

= Article Evaluation = - Everything seemed relevant to the topic

- One small note: the case of David Reimer (under the "Gender" heading) felt a little out of place or not fully described / "He eventually committed suicide" feels very sudden and needs more description or background to fit in well with the text

- Gender / Sex definitions (from WHO, FDA) were from a while back (i.e. 2010) so they may be out of date (or they may not have changed recently)

- Tone appears neutral to me

- Feminist was the only group's view represented though, could use different perspectives on the gender vs. sex debate

- The few links I checked seem to work and support the article's claims, it appears to be reliable

- Talk page is discussing addition of sections (Feminism perspective), transgenderism

- Argument on the talk page about wording and wiki rules and another argument about the necessity / removal of images

- Article is of interest to several Wiki projects: Sexology and Sexuality, Gender Studies, Sociology, Feminism, LGBT Studies (all rated C-class)

- Wikipedia discussion is far more concerned with exact working and grammatical signifance

= Possible Articles = - 46, XYYY : page not created yet

- Feminization (Biology) : Stub class, mid-importance

- Defeminization : Stub class, low-importance

= Neuroscience of sex differences: Article editing =

Original - Transgender Studies
Researchers found that female-to-male transgender individuals, sexually attracted to females, who have not undergone surgery or hormonal treatments have white matter microstructure of the superior longitudinal fascicles and forceps minor that is more like cismales than cisfemales. Dimorphism of the putamen may depend not only on genetic sex and experienced gender, but also on sexual orientation, because three studies of transgender populations (all without transition surgery or hormonal treatments) with varying sexual orientation demonstrated varying dimorphism of the putamen. Researchers found using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that male-to-female transgender individuals of mixed sexual orientation have a right putamen volume that is significantly different than cismales, and not different than cisfemales. Researchers also found that male-to-female transgender individuals, sexually attracted to females, have a smaller putamen than both cisgender individuals. Researchers also found that male-to-female transgender individuals, sexually attracted to males, have no significant differences in right putamen volume from either cisgender, but female-to-male transgender individuals, sexually attracted to females, like cismales, have larger right putamen than cisfemales.

Original - Male vs. female brain function
Researchers have found female-typical hypothalamic activation in male-to-female transgender individuals when exposed to one odorous steroid and male-typical activation with exposure to a different odorous steroid. Male-to-female and female-to-male transgender individuals who have not undergone any surgical or hormonal treatment are more likely to be left-handed than cisgender individuals. Male-to-female transgender children, ages 3-12, who have not undergone any surgical or hormonal treatment are more often left-handed than cisgender males, and cisgender males are more likely to be left-handed than cisgender females.

Edit - Transsexual studies on brain anatomy
Early postmortem studies of transsexual neurological differentiation was focused on the hypothalamic and amygdala region of the brain. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), male to females (MtF) transsexuals were found to have female typical putamen that were larger in size than cisgender males. MtFs also showed a female typical central part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTc) and interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus number 3 (INAH-3), looking at the number of neurons found within each.

More recently, in vivo studies have uncovered transsexual brain differences before hormone therapy. In homosexual MtFs, the thickness and volume of a few cortical regions of the brain were within female typical parameters and some white matter portions of the brain, primarily in the right hemisphere, were demasculinized. Although far fewer studies have been conducted on FtM transsexuals, there is also evidence that some brain bundles in FtMs are masculinized, with larger volume in regions of the left gyri. Researchers have also found that homosexual FtM individuals have white matter microstructure of the superior longitudinal fascicles and forceps minor that is more like cisgender males than cisgender females. Other brain regions of transsexual individuals differ in size and structure from both male and female control groups, which may be additionally influence by the individual's sexual orientation that is often not accounted for within studies.

Both MtF and FtM transsexuals show indications of cerebral lateralization as well, evident by the handedness of individuals and the ratio of second and fourth digit length (the 2D:4D ratio). Transsexual individuals, both adults and children, who have not undergone any surgical or hormonal treatment are more likely to be left-handed than cisgender individuals. Additionally, MtF transsexuals have a more feminized 2D:4D ratio while FtM transsexuals have a more masculinized 2D:4D ratio.

.

.

.

Original - Brain networks:
A 2014 meta-analysis found that although men and women commonly used the same brain networks for working memory, specific regions were sex specific. For example, both men and women's active working memory networks composed of bilateral middle frontal gyri, left cingulate gyrus, right precuneus, left inferior and superior parietal lobes, right claustrum, and left middle temporal gyrus but women also tended have consistent activity in the limbic regions such as the anterior cingulate, bilateral amygdala and right hippocampus while men tended to have a distributed networks spread out among the cerebellum, portions of the superior parietal lobe, the left insula and bilateral thalamus.

A 2017 review from the perspective of large-scale brain networks, hypothesized that women's higher susceptibility to stress-prone diseases like PTSD and major depressive disorder, in which the salience network is theorized to be overactive and to interfere with the executive control network, may be due in part (along with societal exposure to stressors and the coping strategies that are available to women) to underlying sex-based brain differences.

Edit - Brain networks
Although men and women commonly used the same brain networks for working memory, specific regions are sex specific. A meta-analysis showed that both men and women have consistent active working memory networks composed of bilateral middle frontal gyri, left cingulate gyrus, right precuneus, left inferior and superior parietal lobes, right claustrum, and left middle temporal gyrus. Sex diifferences were evident in other networks as women also tend to have higher activity in the prefrontal and limbic regions, such as the anterior cingulate, bilateral amygdala, and right hippocampus, while men tend to have a distributed network spread out among the cerebellum, portions of the superior parietal lobe, the left insula, and bilateral thalamus. .

.

Peer Review of article
I agree on a lot of the points with the other peer-reviewers. Everything appears to be pretty clearly organized with neutral content, but additional information could be added to make the article a little more well-rounded (except for the symptoms section as that has a lot more information than the others). The "Treatment" section specifically needs information or the section title should be removed. Also, although most of the information is clear, the genetic but not hereditary paragraph needs clarification, especially because you state that it is not hereditary but then say the chance of inheriting the disorder is 1%.

There are some small grammatical/sentence structure errors throughout the article as well. As mentioned by another peer-reviewer, I do not think x-inactivation needs to be put in quotations in this context. I would also suggest changing "or/and" to "and/or" in the list of symptoms as that is how it is typically written. The last to sentences of the diagnosis section could be reworded or combined as well.

Overall, the article has a lot of good information, but just needs some additional information/explanation to clarify points and balance the page.