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Riley Children’s Health is a pediatric health system located in Indiana. It operates in 19 communities throughout Indiana, including Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health in Indianapolis and Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health North in Carmel.

The pediatric health system is operated by Indiana University Health and is affiliated with the Indiana University School of Medicine.

It is named for James Whitcomb Riley, a writer and poet who lived in Indiana. In 1916, a group of prominent citizens from Indianapolis who knew Riley started what became known as the Riley Memorial Association (now called the Riley Children's Foundation). The group proposed an idea for a children’s hospital in 1917, and construction on the downtown Indianapolis location began in 1922. The hospital opened in 1924.

Riley Hospital at IU North opened in 2011. The Indianapolis and Carmel hospital locations have 347 licensed beds with 9,977 admissions, 273,825 outpatient visits and 39,864 emergency department visits annually.

Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health
Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, the main campus, provides care to children in every field of pediatric medicine and surgery. It is the only nationally ranked children's hospital in Indiana. Since 2011, Riley has consistently ranked in the 10 pediatric specialties by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital is ranked in 10 out of 10 specialties for 2016-2017.

History
James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children began treating children in 1924. Expansion of the hospital continued through the 1920s and 1930s with additional buildings and facilities, including the 1935 installation of a hydro-therapy pool that was visited by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The hospital opened Indiana's first pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory in 1951, a facility that allowed it to become the first hospital nationwide offering pediatric percutaneous cardiac catheterization. Echocardiography to detect congenital heart defects was introduced in 1966, and five years later, Riley launched the state's first centers for pediatric burns and neonatal intensive care. A parental care unit, providing space for parents to participate in their children's care and to sleep overnight in the room, was initiated in the same year. In 1983, physicians at Riley conducted Indiana's first cochlear implant to correct deafness in a child.

The hospital was the first in Indiana to achieve a successful heart-lung bypass surgery, also called an ECMO procedure, for critically ill infants and children. In 1988, Riley performed the first liver transplant in Indiana. A year later, Riley physicians conducted the first infant and newborn heart transplant.

In the 1990s, Riley Hospital opened the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and a stem cell transplant unit in its pediatric cancer center. Upon joining with Indiana University Hospital and Methodist Hospital in 1997 to form Clarian Health Partners, the hospital took the name Riley Hospital for Children, which it kept until taking its present name in 2011 as Clarian was rebranded as Indiana University Health.

Several programs launched in the 2000s. The Riley Outpatient Center, the nation's largest ambulatory care center for children, opened in 2000. In 2002, a center for children with heart defects, named the Riley Heart Center, opened, as did the Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Center. In 2003, the first intestinal and multi-organ transplants for the state of Indiana were performed at Riley, and the hospital received special authorization for the usage of the Berlin Heart.

A ten-story expansion that included a new entrance for the hospital, known as the Simon Family Tower, opened in 2011. The building was completed in 2013.

Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health North
Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health North Hospital in Carmel is a fully integrated branch of the main campus. Most services offered at the downtown Indianapolis location are offered at IU Health North, including the research programs of the Indiana University School of Medicine.

Riley at IU Health North provides general medical and surgical care, a pediatric intensive care unit, a Level III newborn intensive care unit that can accommodate up to 30 patients, and a dedicated Child Life program that provides patients access to therapeutic activities and a therapy dog program for patients and families.

Riley Children’s Foundation
In 1921, the Riley Children’s Foundation, then known as the Riley Memorial Association, was officially incorporated in remembrance of James Whitcomb Riley. The foundation supports pediatric research, creative arts therapies and clinical programs, as well as Camp Riley and the James Whitcomb Riley Museum Home. Camp Riley, a camp for children with medical disabilities, is located in Bradford Woods and began in 1955.