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Written for the "Behavioral Treatments" section of Prevention of migraines.

Diet is another treatment and preventative approach for migraines. There exist various dietary components shown to have an effect on migraine prophylaxis and intervention. One way to utilize diet as an approach to treat migraines is through the supplementation of certain nutrients. A review article by Nattagh-Eshtivani, E., Sani, M. A., et al. suggests "magnesium, carnitine, riboflavin, niacin, CoQ10, vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and alpha lipoic acid have prophylactic and therapeutic effects on migraine patients".

Various foods can also trigger migraines. A systematic review of three randomized controlled studies found caffeine withdrawal and MSG to be have the strongest evidence for being migraine triggers. The sensitivity of individuals to dietary triggers has been related to their genetic makeup. Recent advances in biotechnology have improved the identification of such genetic factors for individual reactivity to certain trigger foods.

The Ketogenic diet has been suggested for migraine prophylaxis and intervention. A 2017 review article by Barbanti, P., Fofi, L., Aurilia, C., Egeo, G., and Caprio, M. suggests the Ketogenic diet "may be a rapid onset effective prophylaxis for episodic and chronic migraine." Although its exact mechanism is not known, the Ketogenic diet is thought to restore brain excitability and prevent neuroinflammation associated with migraines. Other theories exist: a study by Di Lorenzo C, Coppola G, Pierelli F, et al. hypothesized the Ketogenic diet works by regulating cortical function.