User:NoahRiffe/sandbox

Title IX lawsuit
Penn State Women's Club Soccer began to petition Penn State Athletics for varsity status in 1980 citing a need for funding and status to continue its operation. At that time the club was funded by player fees and a small grant from a university intramural fund. Coaches and staff of the club were unpaid volunteers and travel expenses fell on each player individually.

After being denied varsity status by the university in 1980 and 1981, Penn State Women's Club Soccer filed a Title IX gender discrimination complaint with the Office of Civil Rights in Philadelphia against Pennsylvania State University on March 16 of 1981. The club argued Penn State was in violation of Title IX laws when the university refused sponsorship to a program that had a desire and need for a women's team while simultaneously operating an identical men's program. Head Coach Tim Conley argued the team could not continue on its operation without university sponsorship, citing inadequate medical protection, facilities and coaching salaries. Pennsylvania State University and athletic director Joe Paterno denied the club's claim and stated the decision was based on budget issues and the club being a women's sports team had not been a deciding factor.

The Office of Civil Rights officially initiated an investigation into the Penn State athletic department in April 1981 after it received the club team's complaint letter. The Office was to send an investigator to determine if Penn State's athletic department as a whole, not just for soccer, was in compliance with Title IX requirements. An initial visit from the investigator was scheduled for June of 1981 but was delayed due a travel budget shortage at the office. Citing political and legal challenges to Title IX, in August of 1981 the Ronald Reagan administration announced it would review Federal Title IX guidelines and put all ongoing Title IX investigation on hold until clarifications to the law were made. This put the club's case against Penn State in limbo and inevitably to never be completed.

During this time, the Penn State athletic department refused to sign the club team's waiver for postseason play, as they had done the two previous seasons. The waiver certified the team as a university sanctioned club team and allowed the club to compete in the Eastern Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women Championship Tournament. The university stated its decision was made because it did not have enough oversight of team operations. The club claimed they believed the university refused to sign because of the Title IX investigation.

=Draft of yearly PSU articles=

The 19xx Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team represented Pennsylvania State University during the 19xx season playing in the Intercollegiate Soccer League. It was the program's xx season fielding a men's varsity soccer team. The 19xx season is William Jeffrey's xx year at the helm.

Background
The 19xx season was the Nittany Lions' xx season as a varsity soccer program, and their xx season playing as a part of the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association. The team was led by xx year head coach, William Jeffrey, who had previously served as the head coach for the semi-professional soccer team, Altoona Works.

Schedule
!colspan=8 style=""| Regular season

The State Collegian
With a continued need for a student run publication at Penn State many of the same staff members that helped publish the defunct Free Lance came together to create a new publication strictly focused on news coverage. The group cited the failure of its predecessor to its shift away from news based content. The group published the paper under the masthead The State Collegian and published its first issue on Oct. 1, 1904. The paper was published once a week on Thursdays and grew, adding photos and printing as a broadsheet rather than on tabloid-size paper. The paper was printed by Nittany Printing and Publishing Co., publishers of the State College Times (now the Centre Daily Times) where the State Collegian shared a downtown office with the State College paper.

Unbeaten Streak
Penn State holds the longest men's soccer collegiate unbeaten streaks at 65 games. The unbeaten streak spanned from 1932 to 1941 with the Nittany Lions claiming 60 wins and 5 draws. The streak started on November 5, 1932 in a match against Army that was won 2-1 and ended in a November 15, 1941 loss to Army. One of the most notable seasons was 1935, where the team had a perfect 7-0-0 record and conceded zero goals to opponents. At the end of the 1940 season the team had scored 250 goals while only allowing 31 goals. Citing the pressure to uphold the streak then head coach Bill Jeffrey told the Associated Press in 1940 a loss might be a good thing for the team after they had gone 61 games without a loss.

Transitional Era (1960–1970)
Coming off of wins of back-to-back national titles, the retirement of the Nittany Lion's most successful head coach William Jeffrey and a decade of collegiate soccer dominance, the team struggled through the 1960s and 1970s. The era was marked largely a transitional period for Penn State men’s soccer with two head coaches and a record of 39 wins, 59 losses and 6 ties.

Leading the Nittany Lion's in the beginning of the era was Ken Hosterman, hired in 1953 after the retirement of William Jeffrey. Hosterman found success early in his tenure winning two national championships in 1954 and 1955 but

1968 Season including the team's worst season ever recorded where they did not win one match.

The Nittany Lions struggles did not ease as the 60s progressed. After the 1968 season, Herb Schmidt was appointed head coach of the team. Schmidt’s journey to the head coaching position of the men’s soccer team was an interesting one. He was a former All-American during his playing career at Rutgers, in both soccer and lacrosse. Penn State initially hired Schmidt to join the men’s lacrosse coaching staff in 1963. After being drafted into the Army in 1965, Schmidt returned to lead the men’s soccer program in a new direction three years later.

The Nittany Lions completed the decade struggling to improve, only winning three games in the first two seasons Herb Schmidt was head coach.

https://gopsusports.com/news/2020/11/24/mens-soccer-through-the-decades-1960s.aspx

Soccer Bowl
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/04/93336785.html?pageNumber=242 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/22/93552298.html?pageNumber=33

=New Beaver Field= In the early 1900s Penn State announced its plans to create an athletic complex northeast of Rec Hall on undeveloped land. The complex would contain a football field, track, lacrosse field, soccer field and baseball field. Making way for the new athletic fields construction began by leveling the 18 acres of land the complex would sit on. The university was loaned wagons and scrapers for the project by alumnus A. C. Reed and the team of workers lead by Bellefonte, Pennsylvania builder R. B. Taylor began to clear the land. Once completed the team of builders began digging drainage ditches and laying water pipes for upkeep of the fields. The construction team was paid a was paid a total of $15,000 for the excavation and $8,000  for ditch and pipe work bringing the total cost to $23,000. $15,000 was appropriated by the state of Pennsylvania for the field complex project. The university repurposed the existing grandstands from the old Beaver Field which sat 200 and built two 500 person wooden bleacher sets on either side giving the stadium an initial total capacity of 1,200. Once finished the complex was one of the largest athletic fields in the United States spanning 17 acres.

As construction was finishing a name had yet to be given to the field complex. This stirred up a debate amongst alumni and students about what the field should be named. Many wanted to keep the name Beaver Field to honor General James A. Beaver the former governor of Pennsylvania and university board of trustees president that helped secure funding for the former field. Others suggested that the field should be named after George W. Atherton the former president of the university who had died just years earlier. The field was dedicated on May 7, 1909 at an interscholastic track meet hosted by the University. The new complex received the name New Beaver Field with the former Beaver Field being retroactively renamed Old Beaver Field. Around 200 meet invitations were sent to high school teams around Pennsylvania.

As Penn State Football, Soccer and Lacrosse began playing home games on New Beaver Field the teams easily filled the 1200 capacity grandstands. The university continued to expand the seating capacity by building wood bleachers onto the existing grandstand. 4800 bleacher seats were added by the end of the 1920's bringing the total capacity of the stadium to 6000. The stadium’s seating was again restructured in the early 1920s due to increased student enrollment and ticket demand. The university demolished the old grandstands and installed two larger sets of bleacher seating on both the east and west sideline. The new upgrades allowed around 16,000 people to attend events hosted at the field. Due to an increased press interest in the Nittany Lions, the university installed a press box in 1924. It was noted that the press box was a shack like structure with little room for reporters.

The formerly all wood grandstands and bleachers were replaced with steel starting in 1934. During the 1934 season construction on the stadium cut seating capacity to 5,500. The Great Depression severely delayed the project forcing renovations to be broken up and completed in four phases. Coming to completion in 1939, the renovation brought the seating capacity to 14,700. The steel grandstands allowed for a more permanent feeling structure.

As enrollment to the university and demand for tickets grew, Penn State planned to double the size of its steel grandstand seating allowing for a total capacity of 27,720. The renovation began in 1948 and was lead by Byron J. Lambert a grandstand patent holder and former professor at the University of Iowa and was quickly completed by 1949.

When construction began on Beaver Stadium in 1959 sections of the grandstand from New Beaver Field were moved and fitted against a new upper grandstand to build the large capacity Beaver Stadium. The stand sections were moved a mile and a half from their original location and

Track
https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054902/1908-12-17/ed-1/seq-6/

The Daily Collegian
After the publishers of the Penn State Collegian approved a move to begin printing the newspaper daily the masthead of the paper was changed to the Daily Collegian. The publication began publishing five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday. During this transition the publishing offices of the paper were moved to the basement of the Carnegie Library, now known as the Carnegie Building. The first issue of the newly daily paper was published on September 5, 1940. More than a year after making the switch to daily print, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entered World War II. The Daily Collegian cut production days because of due to wartime rationing and shortages of materials printing weekly instead of daily from 1944 until the beginning of 1947. The Daily Collegian became a member of the Associated Press in 1956, submitting their stories to the wire service for publication at other member papers.

In 1961 the Collegian moved its offices to Sackett Building still located on Penn State's campus due to construction on the Carnegie library.*?*?*?*?

In 1972, The Collegian moved its office back into the Carnegie Building.

In the fall semester of 1979 The paper started production on The Weekly Collegian a mailed publication sent to subscribers across the country.





The 2013-14 school year the Collegian converted from tabloid-format magazines to broadsheet, the format preferred by advertisers and readers.

On December 8, 2017, Editor-In-Chief Sam Ruland, Managing Editor Lauren Davis, and Digital Managing Editor Mark Fischer announced that the Starting in the spring semester the Collegian would move away from printing five days a week and would instead print twice a week, on Mondays and Thursdays. The shift was made as a majority of the publication's readership was coming from online. The print edition would be kept to feature "long, in-depth pieces, [instead of] being confined to day-to-day coverage,".

On November 29, 2018 after 30 years in the James Building a university-owned property in downtown State College the Collegian announced a plan to move into the new Donald P. Bellisario Media Center, which was planned to open in the fall of 2020 at the site of the Willard Building.

Penn State had announced plans earlier in the year their plan to demolish the 100-year James Building located at 121-123 S. Burrowes St. and replace it with a $52.8 million building that, "Will serve as a hub for the Invent Penn State entrepreneurial and innovation initiative,".

The space the Collegian is slated to move to will be in a closed, 852-square-foot corner of its third floor. The private “Collegian Suite,” will face a large open newsroom with designated Collegian desk space. However, some other student news organizations have been invited to utilize said newsroom as well.

In the fall semester of 2019 the James Building was demolished and the Collegian moved its office to Midtown Square, another university-owned property in downtown State College. The media center is scheduled for completion in Fall 2020 and ready for student and faculty and students to begin working there in Spring 2021.

On January 24, 2020 Penn State announced it was monitoring an outbreak of COVID-19 as it had begun to spread inside of the United States. In February, Penn State restricted travel to China, Italy and Japan as well as requiring students returning from CDC level 3 threat countries to be quarantined. During Spring Break, on March 11, 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic was becoming a threat in the United States, Penn State canceled all in-person classes at its 20 campuses until at least April 3 which was later extended to the remainder of their spring and summer semesters. Students and faculty were asked to stay home, and away from campus because of the outbreak. The Print Edition of The Daily Collegian, printed bi-weekly, was suspended and all news coverage was posted digitally.

Digital Era
In a move to the digital era the Collegian launched its first website, The Digital Collegian, in the summer of 1996. This allowed the paper to deliver news articles online and improve access to digitized articles from its historical print issues. Beginning with the Fall 2006 semester, "The Digital Collegian" was renamed "The Daily Collegian Online" and debuted a new home page layout. A Web department was formed with the purpose of creating online updates for breaking news and posting stories on days when classes were not in session.

Along with this launch came a project to digitize and make publicly accessible all issues of the Free Lance, State Collegian, Penn State Collegian and the Daily Collegian through 1922. At the time Collegian Inc. owned some of the last remaining paper copies of the Free Lance but the copies had yet to be scanned to microfilm to preserve them. Penn State's Libraries Special Collections/University Archives, Preservation and Digitization Department, and News and Microforms Library met with Collegian Inc. in spring of 2003 to discuss digitizing the last remaining copies. At the time only researchers, alumni, and students had access to historical print issues through bound issue books located at the University Archives. The proposed project set out to scan all issues April 1887-August 2, 1940, in total 16,000 page images, in a year or less. In spring of 2004, one year from the universities initial meeting with Collegian Inc., the 1887-1940 segment was completed and made publicly accessible online.

After the success of the initial project Collegian, Inc. granted permission to digitize all issues through 1988. The second scanning project was completed over four years, making in total 132,736 total pages publicly available in 2008. Penn State's Library provided all funding for conversion, software/hardware, on-going maintenance and upgrades. The project came in at a cost of $178,541.

The University Libraries allowed Google to crawl its database starting in 2007, making historical content searchable. With this came multiple lawsuits as formerly inaccessible articles on arrest and disciplinary reports became easily accessible to the public.

In July, 2010, in what was called a highly unusual move, two Centre County judges –– Judge Bradley P. Lunsford and Judge Thomas King Kistler –– ordered The Daily Collegian and The Centre Daily Times to delete archived news stories about five defendants in criminal cases after a lawyer sought to have the records expunged. The orders were obtained by State College lawyer Joe Amendola, who was quoted in The Philadelphia Inquirer saying: “What's the sense in having your record expunged if anyone can Google you and it comes up?” The five defendants had either pled guilty to criminal charges ranging from aggravated indecent assault to possession of marijuana, or completed pretrial diversion programs that resulted in no finding of guilt. Amendola said that an earlier client was having trouble finding employment despite having her criminal record expunged. Prospective employers Googled her name and found a 1992 Collegian article detailing her crime.

The expungement orders were eventually revised to remove any reference to the Centre Daily Times and the Daily Collegian on July 8, 2010. Judge Thomas Kistler told The Philadelphia Inquirer, "It was never anybody's intention to restrict [the papers].” Kistler Acknowledged the strong protections given the news media by the First Amendment, saying, "I can't tell them what to do." Kistler claimed court officials had not noticed that the newspapers were on the list of expungement orders sought by lawyer Amendola. "It was a breakdown under the rush of the system," Kistler said.

Arrest of photographer
A riot broke out in downtown State College, Pennsylvania on October 25, 2008, after no. 3 Penn State Football defeated no. 10 Ohio State Football 13-6. Daily Collegian photographer, Michael Felletter, was on assignment documenting the riot when he was arrested by police officers after he allegedly did not comply with orders to leave the area. Felletter was charged with failure to disperse, a second-degree misdemeanor, and disorderly conduct, a third-degree misdemeanor.

Police alleged Felletter's presence had caused the crowd to become more exuberant, excited, and destructive. Felletter alleged that officers expressed no problem with him being there and that he was only asked to leave the scene of the riot once by an officer Argiro. Felletter denied police charges that he refused to leave the scene when asked. He alleged the same officer Argiro threatened him with pepper spray and arrest, and when he continued to take pictures of Argiro over his shoulder as he was leaving the scene.

Felletter was represented pro bono on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union. Centre County District Attorney, Michael Madeira, claimed that the case centered around Felletter's refusal to obey a police order and not around the First Amendment or the photographer's journalistic activity. The Magisterial District Judge Carmine Prestia dismissed Felletter's disorderly conduct charge saying the crowd's actions were not Felletter's fault. The judge also dismissed all of the counts of failure to disperse but one, saying a sole charge was sufficient claiming the press is not above the law.

Felletter lawyer argued coverage of the riot was valuable to both citizens and the government and that these charges violated the second amendment. Felletter lawyer cited the State College Police use of Felletter's photographs in facilitating the identification of others involved in the riot who were ultimately prosecuted. Centre County Judge David E. Grine dismissed the remaining charge, failure to disperse, against the photographer citing "unclear" evidence. Grine ruled it is uncertain whether Felletter's compliance with police orders to "move along" was adequate when he moved from the street to sidewalk. Additionally, Grine blamed the rioters for their behavior—not Felletter, according to the ruling. After initially requesting an appeal, Centre County District Attorney Stacy Parks Miller filed a motion to drop the appeal.

Newspaper Burning
In 1993, the paper criticized the Society for Professional Journalists after it offered a $250 reward for information on the persons who stole half a conservative campus newspaper's run, burning part of it. The Collegian said the thieves were engaging in constitutionally protected speech.

Collegian Inc.
Collegian Inc. the publisher of the  Daily Collegian was chartered as a non-profit corporation by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on May 20, 1940.

The Paper
The Daily Collegian is the subject of a documentary film called The Paper. The film was directed by Aaron Matthews, who used the student newspaper as a case study for the problems that face all newspapers today—flagging circulation, minority coverage, and access to sources. The film made official selection at multiple festivals, including the 2007 Philadelphia Film Festival.

The film was co-produced by Aaron Matthews and the Independent Television Service and had major funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Distribution for the film was carried out by Icarus Films.

Released and distributed in 2007, the documentary was filmed from 2004-2005 and followed the newspaper while Editor-in-Chief James Young ran the staff.

Cinematography for the film was done by Wayne De La Roche and the music was composed by Tim Nackashi.

The Birmingham Weekly called it "An insightful new documentary", while the Boston Globe stated, "What we see at the Collegian is a resonant microcosm: This paper's crucible is every paper's."