User:Noles1984/Sandbox2

Prehistoric mammals began migrating to, as well as evolving in Florida during the Early Miocene epoch. Due to lack of a glacial sheet and temperate to warm climate, many species of mammals thrived in what is now Florida.

Prior to 23-24 million years ago, no land mammals were present in what is now Florida. The first mammalian fossils are from the Eocene and are that of the extinct whales †Basilosaurus (44.9—33.9 Ma) and †Basilosaurus cetoides (37.2—33.9 Ma). Land mammals were prevented access to the forming peninsula by a natural water barrier known as the Gulf Trough which flowed over northern Florida and southern Georgia carrying sediments away and prevented migration. Though Florida was forming, this process was taking place over the central to north central part of the state.

As the trough filled in, the first mammals were able to move from the north and in to the forming peninsula. North Florida became the first part of the future state to receive sediments. As the area began filling in from deposited sediments from rivers to the north and as sea level dropped during glaciation, these two processes eventually exposed the peninsula or the upper most areas of the Florida Platform.


 * Also see: Choctaw Sea

Florida, a rather flat state, has an abundance of phosphate and it is the mining of this mineral which has yielded most of the fossil specimens.

Most specimens have been dated using Appearance Event Ordination.

Amphicyonids
Known as bear-dogs, these animals are more closely related to bears than dogs but may be the earliest caniforms. They had large skulls, robust bodies, and short but strong limbs giving an overall appearance that looked dog-like. These animals were not related to wolves or dogs and existing in Florida for approximately.
 * †Amphicyon longiramus, est age ~21.7 Ma.
 * †Cynelos caroniavorus, est. age ~21.7 Ma
 * †Daphoenodon notionastes, est. age ~23.1—21.9 Ma.
 * †Pliocyon robustus, est age ~13.6 Mya.
 * †Mammacyon obtusidens (type species), est. age ~21.8—21.7 Ma.
 * †M. loomis, est. age ~21.8—21.7 Ma.

First Caninae
†Osbornodon was an early canid and a subfamily of the Hesperocyon. Osbornodon was the largest member of Hespercyonids with short legs weighing between 16—18 kg (30—40 lbs) and was a hypocarnivorous to hypercarnivorous animal. It existed in Florida for approximately.
 * †Leptocyon sp. was a small canid in Florida during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs weighing approximately 3.5 kg (7 lbs). Its estimated age ~24.—20.6 Ma, existing approximately.
 * †Osbornodon iamonensis est. age ~23.6—18.8 Ma.
 * †O. scitulus est. age ~19.3 Ma.
 * †O. wangi est. age ~24.8—24.7 Ma.

Borophagines
Borophagines were descended from the subfamily Hesperocyoninae which died out in North America during the mid-Miocene about 9 Mya. This family is composed of "bone-crushing" dogs of the extinct subfamily Borophaginae, extinct and extant wolf, fox, jackal, and coyote.

Borophagines are recorded from as early as 23 Mya to as recent as 1.3 Mya.
 * †Aelurodon taxoides. ~11.7 Ma.
 * †Borophagus diversidens, B. pugnator, B. hilli, B. galushai, B. orc, B. validus ~10.3—1.3
 * †Carpocyon limosus. Polk County. ~10.3—7.8
 * †Desmocyon matthewi. Dixie County ~20.6—19.3
 * †Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa. Hernando County. ~24.8—24.7
 * †Euoplocyon spissidens. Gilchrist County.~20.6—16.3
 * †Epicyon haydeni, E. saevus. Alachua, Levy, Polk County. ~11.5—9.3
 * †Metatomarctus canavus. Gilchrist County. ~20.6—16.3
 * †''Phlaocyon (type species)
 * †P. leucosteus est age ~21.8—21.7
 * †''P. taylori

Canines
Canidae descended from Borophagines around 35 million years ago. In Florida, 3 of 6 canine species are shown in strata as far back as 2.1 Mya. Three species survived to present.
 * Canis armbrusteri (Armbruster's Wolf). Alachua, Hillsborough, Sumter, Levy County. est. age ~2.1 Mya—300,000 years ago.
 * Canis dirus (Dire Wolf). Brevard, Gilchrist, Manatee, Marion, Orange County. est age ~1.1 Mya—11,000 years ago.
 * Canis edwardii (Edward's Wolf). Alachua, Charlotte, Citrus, De Soto, Hillsborough, Sarasota County. est. age ~1.8 Mya—300,000 years ago.
 * Canis latrans (Coyote). Citrus, Indian River, Marion County. ~1.8—present
 * Canis rufus (Red Wolf). Alachua County. ~126,000—11,000 years ago.
 * Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Gray Fox). Alachua, Citrus, Hillsborough, Marion, Sumter County. est. age ~1.1 Mya—present.

Procyon
Racoons:
 * Arctonasua floridana. Alachua County. est age ~11.5 Mya.
 * Paranasua biradica. Alachua County. est age ~11.5 Mya
 * Procyon lotor (Racoon). Gilchrist, Indian River, Okeechobee, Pinellas County est. age ~3.7 Mya—present.

Ursidae
The family Ursidae (Bears) are are caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives.


 * Agriotherium schneideri. Polk County. est. age ~9.1—9.0 Mya.
 * Arctodus pristinus (Short-faced Bear). Brevard, Gilchrist, Hillsborough, Okeechobee, Polk, Sarasota, Sumter County. est. age ~3.0—300,000.
 * Phoberocyon johnhenryi (only fossil find world-wide). Gilchrist County. est. age ~21.7 Mya
 * Plionarctos (type species). Polk County. est. age ~7.9—7.8 Mya.
 * Tremarctos floridanus (Florida Cave Bear) ~300,-000—11,000
 * Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) ~1.8—present

Feliforma
Feliforma are cats and cat-like mammals within 10 families.
 * Barbourofelis loveorum (False saber-toothed cat), est. age ~11.5 Mya.
 * Dinobastis serus (Saber-toothed cat), est. age ~300,000 years ago.
 * Felis rexroadensis, est. age ~7.9—7.8 Mya.
 * Homotherium (Saber-tooth cat), est. age ~1.5 Mya.
 * Leopardus wiedii (Margay), est. age ~1.1 Mya.
 * Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot). Marion County. est. age ~300,000 years ago.
 * Lynx rufus (Bobcat). Alachua, Charlotte, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hillsborough, Indian River, Levy, Sumter. est. age ~2.1 Mya—300,000 years ago.
 * Megantereon hesperus (Saber-toothed cat). Polk County. est. age ~7.9—7.8 Mya.
 * Miracinonyx inexpectatus (American Cheetah). Citrus, Columbia, Gilchrist, Sarasota, Sumter County. est. age ~1.1 Mya—300,000 years ago.
 * ''Nimravidae (indeterminate) ~23.1—23.0 Mya.
 * N. galiani (basal felid), est. age ~11.5 Mya.
 * Panthera leo (American Lion), est. age ~400,000 years ago.
 * Panthera onca (American Leopard), est. age ~300,000 years ago.
 * Puma concolor (Cougar), est. age ~1.1 Mya.
 * Smilodon fatalis (Saber-toothed cat), est. age ~900,000—400,000 years ago.
 * Smilodon gracilis (Saber-toothed cat), est. age ~3.7 Mya—300,000.

Hyaenidae
Hyena is a family of Feliforma cat-like carnivores.
 * Chasmaporthetes ossifragus 4.9—1.8

Mustilids

 * Enhydritherium terraenovae
 * Hoplictis
 * Leptarctus
 * Lontra canadensis
 * Plionictis
 * Sthenictis lacota
 * Trigonictis macrodon

Mephitidae

 * Spilogale sp.

Cingulata

 * Pachyarmatherium leiseyi

Giant sloths
Comprised of Megatheriidae, Megalonychidae, and Mylodontidae.
 * Eremotherium sp. 2.3 Ma—400,000
 * E. eomigrans 4.9—400,000 years ago.


 * Megalonyx sp. 2.1 Ma—700,000 years ago.
 * M. leptostomus 3.7—1.5 Ma.
 * M. wheatleyi 1.6—1.5 Ma.


 * Paramylodon harlani 2.1 Ma—11,000 years ago.


 * Thinobadistes segnis 11.0—9.0 Ma.
 * T. wetzeli 11.0—9.0 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Marion Co.


 * Pliometanastes protistus 11.0—8.9 Ma.

Giant armadillo

 * Glyptotherium arizonae 3.7 million—400,000 years ago.
 * G. chapadmalense 2.3 Ma.
 * G. floridanum 400,000 years ago.

Dasypodidae (armadillo)

 * Dasypus bellus
 * Holmesina floridanus, septentrionalis

Marsupials
Herpetotherium (type species)

Chalicothere
Chalicotheres were distantly related to the horse but generally had long forelimbs with shorter hind limbs and moved with much of their weight on their hind legs. They had long curved claws on their front legs indicating knuckle-walking like giant anteaters of today.
 * Moropus oregonensis 23.1—21.9 Ma (AEO) Leon, Gilchrist Co.

Equidae (horse)

 * Anchippus texanus 22.9—21.9 Ma.
 * Anchitherium clarencei 21.7—17.7 Ma
 * Astrohippus sp. 10.1—5.7 Ma.
 * A. stockii 10.1—5.7 Ma.
 * Calippus cerasinus 11.6—8.7 Ma.
 * C. elachistus 11.5—8.7 Ma.
 * C. hondurensis 11.5 to 9.3 Ma.
 * C. martini
 * C. maccartyi
 * Dinohippus sp. 9.0—8.9 Ma.
 * D. mexicanus 10.3—5.5 Ma.
 * Hippotherium ingenuum 23—8.6 Ma.
 * Dinohippus sp. 10—7.8 Ma.
 * Equus, E. leidyi 2.1 Ma—300,000 years ago.
 * ''Dolichohippus
 * Hexameryx simpsoni 110 Ma.
 * Hippotherium emsliei, H. ingenuum, H. plicatile
 * Hipparion tehonense
 * Hypohippus chico 13.6 Ma.
 * Merychippus gunteri ~23.0—5.3
 * Miohippus sp. 	31.1—24.3 Ma
 * Nannippus aztecus, N. morgani, westoni, peninulatus 11.7—30 Ma.
 * Neohipparion eurystyle, N. trampasense 10.3—8.9 Ma.
 * ''Parahippus leonensis
 * Pseudhipparion curtivallum, P. simpsoni, P. skinneri
 * Protohippus gidleyi

Pseudhipparion skinneri, Hipparion cf. tehonense, Neohipparion trampasense, Nannippus westoni, Hippotherium ingenuum, Hippotherium plicatile, Calippus cerasinus, Calippus elachistus, Protohippus gidleyi

Tapir

 * Tapirus polkensis, T. simpsoni

Hypertragulus

 * Nanotragulus loomisi
 * Ruminantia indet.
 * Merycoidodon sp.
 * Pediomeryx hemphillensis
 * Yumaceras hamiltoni

Antelope/Deer

 * Antilocapridae indet.
 * Capromeryx arizonensis 2.3—1.5 Ma (AEO). Citrus, Okeechobee, De Soto Co.
 * Hexameryx simpsoni


 * Cervidae indet.
 * Machaeromeryx gilchristensis
 * Odocoileus virginianus
 * Prosynthetoceras texanus

Peccary
Mammals belonging to the families of Gelocidae and Tayassuidae.
 * Catagonus brachydontus (Chacoan peccary) 10.1—6.5 Ma (AEO). Polk Co.
 * Floridachoerus olseni 21.7 Ma (AEO). Gilchrist Co.
 * Pseudoceras sp. 11.7—9.0 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Hamilton, Marion Co.
 * Mylohyus elmorei 7.9—7.8 Ma (AEO). Polk Co.
 * M. floridanus 3.7—2.2 Ma (AEO) Alachua, Gilchrist, Highlands, Sarasota Co.
 * M. fossilis 2.1 Ma—11,000 years ago (AEO). Alachua, Hillsborough, Indian River, Marion, Orange, Polk, Sumter Co.
 * Parablastomeryx floridanus 18.9—21.7 Ma (AEO) Ma (AEO). Bradford, Gilchrist Co.
 * Platygonus sp. 2.1 Ma—11,000 years ago (AEO). Alachua, Orange Co.
 * P. bicalcaratus 3.7—1.5 Ma (AEO). Citrus, Columbia, Gilchrist, Lee, Okeechobee, Sarasota Co.
 * P. compressus 300,000—11,000 years ago. Alachua, Marion, Orange Co.
 * P. vetus 	2.1 Ma—300,000 years ago. (AEO). Alachua, Citrus, Hillsborough, Polk, Sumter Co.
 * Sphenophalos garciae 7.9—7.8 Ma (AEO). Polk Co.

Hog-like Entelodont

 * Dinohyus 22.9—21.9 Ma (AEO). Alachua Co.

Bovine

 * Bovidae
 * Bison antiquus

Camelids
Camels, predecessors of camels and llamas.
 * Aepycamelus sp. 11.5—8.9 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Marion Co.
 * A. major 	11.0—10.9 Ma (AEO). Levy Co.
 * Camelops 0.126,000—11,000 years ago. Jefferson Co.
 * Floridatragulus sp. 21.7 Ma (AEO). Leon Co.
 * F. dolichanthereus 21.7 Ma (AEO). Gilchrist Co.
 * Gentilicamelus 22.9—22.8 Ma (AEO). Columbia, Hamilton Co.
 * Hemiauchenia sp.,
 * H. minima. 11.5—8.9 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Levy, Marion Co.
 * H. macrocephala 3.7 Ma—11,000 years ago (AEO). Alachua, Brevard, Citrus, DeSoto, Gilchrist, Hillsborough, Lee, Manatee, Polk, Sarasota, Sumter Co.
 * Nothokemas sp. 23.8—23.0 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Columbia Co.
 * N. floridanus 21.7 Ma (AEO). Gilchrist, Leon Co.
 * N. waldropi 22.9—24.7 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Columbia, Hamilton, Hernando, Hillsborough Co.
 * Oxydactylus sp. 23.1—20.6 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Hamilton, Hernando Co.
 * Palaeolama sp. 2.1 —0.7 Ma (AEO). Hendry Co.
 * P. mirifica (stout-legged llama) 1.6 Ma—11,000 years ago (AEO). Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Levy, Marion, Orange, Polk, Sumter Co.
 * Procamelus 9.1—9.0 Ma (AEO). Marion Co.
 * P. grandis 11.5—9.0 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Marion Co.

Shrew/Mole

 * Soricidae indet.
 * Talpidae

Mammoth/Mastodon
Animals with trunks similar to elephants and includes Gomphotheridae, Mammoth, and Mastodon.
 * Amebelodon sp. 11.8—7.9 Ma. Levy, Marion Co.
 * A. britti 9.0—8.9 Ma. Marion County.
 * A. floridanus 9.4—7.9 Ma. Marion County.
 * Mammut sp., (Mastodon) 10.1 Ma—700,000 years ago. Hendry Co.
 * Mammut americanum (American Mastodon) ~400,000—11,000 years ago. Indian River, Co.
 * Mammut matthewi ~9.1—6.4 Ma.
 * Mammuthus sp., 2.1 Ma—700,000 years ago. Hendry County.
 * M. columbi (Columbian Mammoth) 400,000—11,000 years ago. Manatee, Pinellas, Indian River Co. Reposited: American Museum of Natural History.
 * M. hay (Hay's Mammoth) 2.1—1.5 Ma. Charlotte, Polk Co.
 * Cuvieronius sp., 2.1—1.5 Ma. Sarasota Co.
 * C. tropicus   2.3—1.5 Ma.  Okeechobee, Charlotte Co.
 * Platybelodon 	9.1—9.0 Ma. Marion County.
 * Rhynchotherium sp. 9.1—2.9 Ma. Gilchrist & Polk Co.



Rhinocerotidae

 * Aphelops 18.9—7.1 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Hillsborough, Polk, Gadsden Co.
 * A. malacorhinus 11.5—9.0 Ma (AEO). Polk, Levy Co.
 * A. mutilus 9.4—8.9 Ma (AEO). Alachua, Marion Co.
 * Diceratherium sp. 22.9—22.8 Ma (AEO). Columbia, Hamilton Co. Reposited at Florida Museum of Natural History.
 * Floridaceras whitei
 * Menoceras 21.7 Ma (AEO). Leon Co.
 * M. arikarense 21.8—21.7 Ma (AEO). Marion Co.
 * M. barbour 21.7 Ma (AEO). Gilchrist Co.
 * Teleoceras hicksi 6.5—6.4 Ma (AEO). Polk Co.
 * T. proterum 11.5—9.0 Ma (AEO) Alachua, Polk Co.

Bats

 * Chiroptera
 * Karstala silva
 * Miomyotis floridanus
 * Suaptenos whitei

Leporidae

 * Archaeolaginae
 * Lepus sp.
 * Sylvilagus floridanus, S. webbi

Rodentia
=Marine mammals=
 * Abelmoschomys simpsoni
 * Blarina carolinensis
 * Castoroides sp.
 * Eucastor planus
 * Geomys pinetis
 * Glaucomys sp.
 * Erethizon dorsatum, E. kleini
 * Ondatra idahoensis
 * Peromyscus sp., P. sarmocophinus
 * Mylagaulus elassos
 * Neochoerus aesopi
 * Sciurus carolinensis
 * Sigmodon curtisi, S. libitinus
 * Reithrodontomys wetmorei

Cheloniidae (seals)

 * Chelonia sp.
 * Lepidochelys sp.

Phocida (seal)

 * Callophoca obscura
 * Pliophoca etrusca
 * Homiphoca capensis
 * Phocanella pumila

Dugongidae
Dugongidae were sea cows and manatees.
 * Corystosiren varguezi, 10.3-4.9 Ma. Polk Co.
 * Metaxytherium sp., M. floridanum

Odobenidae (walrus)

 * Ontocetus emmonsi Polk

Cetacea
Cetacea is composed of whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
 * Basilosaurus (whale), 40—37 Mya.
 * Basilosaurus cetoides (whale), ~37—39 Mya.
 * Balaenoptera floridana, 5.3—3.6 Mya.
 * Delphinodon mento (porpoise), 7.9—7.8 Mya.
 * Goniodelphis hudsoni (whale), 7.9—7.8 Mya.
 * Kogiopsis floridana (whale), 14.8—11.5 Mya.
 * Ninoziphius platyrostris (whale), 13.6—11.61 Mya.
 * ''Pomatodelphis sp. (dolphin), 18.9 Mya.
 * Pomatodelphis inaequalis (dolphin), 13.6—10.3 Mya.
 * Pomatodelphis bobengi (dolphin), 13.65—10.3 Mya.
 * Pontoporiidae (dolphin), 7.9—7.8 Mya

http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=basicCollectionSearch&collection_no=18535