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The formation of Transparent Exopolymer Particles(TEP) is mainly due to the abiotic coagulation of dissolved carbohydrates, which is secreted by the phytoplankton communities. Transparent Exopolymer Particles ((TEP) have the ability to form larger aggregates because of their strong surface active properties or “stickiness”. This particular property of TEP allows them to perform as a glue matrix for other solid particles including detritus.

Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) is also a carbon source for bacteria, which plays a significant role in affecting the food web structure and the carbon cycle in the ocean. Additionally, the conversion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to particulate organic carbon (POC) is an aggregation process that is due to TEP formation.