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Purple bacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic prokaryotes, belonging to the phylum of proteobacteria with a characteristic purple color given by the presence of carotenoids, accessory pigments responsible for capturing light. Purple bacteria are divided into purple sulfur bacteria, species of gamma proteobacteria, and purple non-sulfur bacteria, species of alpha and beta proteobacteria. Purple bacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs widely spread in nature, but especially in aquatic environments, where there are anoxic conditions that favor the synthesis of their pigments. Purple bacteria use a type II photosystem and have type a or b bacteriochlorophylls.