User:Noracrentiss/sandbox/FaithJaques

Faith Jaques (1923-1997) was a British illustrator of the late twentieth century notable for her work as a children's book author, illustrator, artist, stamp designer and advocate for artists' rights over their work.

Early Life
Faith Heather Jaques was born in Leicester, England, the daughter of Maurice Thompson Jaques and Gladys Millicent Jaques (nee Playford). SEVEN STORIES papers FJ/05/01 Her brother Peter Heath Jaques (1919 - )was a professional cricketer. As a child, Jaques was a prodigious reader and artist. She attended Wyggeston Grammar School which she left aged 15 to attend Leicester College of Art from 1941 to 1942 where she studied anatomy, perspective and the histories of architecture, furniture and costume.

Early years
Jaques joined the Women's Royal Naval Service as soon as she was old enough in order to leave home. She was posted to Oxford where she was stationed in the New Bodleian Library. Her duties included control of a filing department containing over a million photographs, holiday snaps included, of Germany and Occupied Europe, with particular attention given to pictures of coastlines and village approaches. She maintained the organisational skills developed during this period throughout her life, accumulating a large library of reference material. While in Oxford, she took some classes at Oxford School of Art under William Roberts and Bernard Meninsky, and it was then that she decided to become an illustrator. Other illustrators who influenced her were Rex Whistler and Eric Fraser. After she was demobbed in December 1946, Jaques attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts, London, until 1948, supported by an ex-service grant. She lodged in a Salvation Army Hostel for the first six months of the course. . Among her tutors and mentors at Central were Edward Ardizzione ,Jesse Collins, John Farleigh, Laurence Scarfe and John Minton.

Teaching
From the late 1940s, she taught at Guildford School of Art (1948-53) and Hornsey College of Art (1960-68) on a part-time basis, while contributing to many magazines and producing other graphic work.

Children's books
Though Jaques had illustrated books from 1950, she concentrated on this area from the mid 1960s, working mainly in black and white. She acknowledged Edward Ardizzone as a significant influence, while demonstrating a closer visual alliance to Lynton Lamb. She illustrated the first British edition of Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory published in 1967 following controversy over the depiction of the Oompa-Loompas in the US edition.

In the late 1970s, Jaques illustrated all of Leon Garfield’s ‘London Apprentice’ series (1976-78), before beginning to write her own children’s books. Comparatively late in her career, she began illustrating in colour including texts that she authored herself. Tilly's House (1979) - the story of a Dutch doll - was her first picture book as author and illustrator.

Heinemann commissioned Faith Jaques to re-illustrate the first four of Alison Uttley’s ‘Grey Rabbit’ tales, as the plates of the original illustrations by Margaret Tempest (1892-1982) had become too worn to be reprinted. The results were well received, as instanced by one review of Tales of Little Grey Rabbit (1980):

'‘Faith Jaques has added in her way to the credibility of tales in which a rabbit makes Primrose Wine, a hare plays Noughts and Crosses with a fox and old Hedgehog delivers milk to assorted customers. These firm, compact drawings ... bear witness to an artistic skill and tact’ (Margery Fisher, Growing Point, 1979, page 3693) Was this from  The Telling Line?'

In 1982, Uttley’s tales also provided the basis for the first of Jaques' series of cut-out picture books, Little Grey Rabbit’s House, while Tales of Little Brown Mouse appeared in 1984.

Other work
Between leaving Central School of Arts and Crafts in 1948 and the 1960's, Jaques illustrations could be found across a wide spectrum of material:

Jaques was an active advocate for a Public Lending Right and for the recognition of illustrator's work. and was invited to become an honorary member of the Association of Illustrators in 1984.
 * British Post Office Stamp and Telegram design In 1960, Jaques was one of three British artists invited to submit ideas to mark the Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications but she declined to do so. She did however present designs for other British Postage Telegram and Stamps between 1960 and 1978. Her designs were selected for the 1960 Valentines Day Telegram, the Tercentenary of Establishment of the General Letter Office in 1960, the Seventh Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in 1961 and three Christmas Stamps for 1978.
 * Illustrations for the Radio Times
 * Illustrations for BBC Radio's Singing Together
 * Illustrations for journals including Strand, Lilliput, World Leader, Our Time, Housewife, House and Garden, Cricket
 * Film publicity
 * Miscellaneous work including Portmeiron mugs, greetings cards and menus

Personal life
Jaques continued to write and illustrate following her move from London to Bath in 1987. She died on 12 July 1997 aged 74. A cat lover all her life, she bequeathed the sum of GBP500 to a cats home among a range of other bequests. (Will) Following her death a firm of house clearers was hired to dispose of the contents of her house. The house clearer packed everything into bin liners which were left outside the house overnight, awaiting the arrival of a skip. However, on reading one of the books the house clearer realised that she might be important, so he made contact with Mary Briggs and Elizabeth Hammill, founders of Seven Stories, who recognised the importance of saving the archive, Jaques' working library, including original artwork. The rescue was achieved with a grant from the Friends of the National Libraries and some private donations. Jaques' archives are maintained by Seven Stories.

SOURCE: https://research.ncl.ac.uk/alderson/talks/jaques/ CHECK OUT  Wikipedia:Videos as references

________________________________________

Ooompa Loompas:

Letter saying the illustrations had been changed

https://web.archive.org/web/20071011122638/http://www.hbook.com/magazine/letters/jun73.asp

___________________________________________

Ooompa Loompas:

https://www.roalddahlfans.com/dahls-work/books/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory/politically-correct-oompa-loompa-evolution/

Jeremy Treglown: Roald Dahl a biography

“In the version first published, [the Oompa-Loompas were] a tribe of 3,000 amiable black pygmies who have been imported by Mr. Willy Wonka from ‘the very deepest and darkest part of the African jungle where no white man had been before.’ Mr. Wonka keeps them in the factory, where they have replaced the sacked white workers. Wonka’s little slaves are delighted with their new circumstances, and particularly with their diet of chocolate. Before they lived on green caterpillars, beetles, eucalyptus leaves, ‘and the bark of the bong-bong tree.'”

Dahl’s editors “saw the story as essentially Victorian in character – a ‘very English fantasy'” so they disregarded any racist misgivings about the story. Indeed, when the book first appeared in the United States in 1964 it was regarded with only acclaim and enthusiasm. It wasn’t until 1972, nearly a decade later, that a wide-ranging attack on the book was published by American writer Eleanor Cameron and the political agenda of the story finally began to be debated.

After Dahl and Cameron had many public back-and-forths in various American literary journals*, Dahl’s publishers decided that “to those growing up in a racially mixed society, the Oompa-Loompas were no longer acceptable as originally written. The following year, to accompany its new sequel, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, a revised edition of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory appeared, in which the Oompa-Loompas had become dwarfish hippies with long ‘golden-brown hair’ and ‘rosy-white’ skin.” [from Jeremy Treglown’s Roald Dahl: A Biography]

_______________________________________________________________

1967 Oompa loompas

In 1967, the first British edition of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was published by George Allen and Unwin. The text in this and the earlier American version published in 1964 describes the Oompa Lompas as black Pygmies from Africa with whom Willi Wonka staffs his chocolate manufacturing business. Controversy arose over Dahl's description and Jaques' 1964 illustrations. A later edition was illustrated by Joseph Schindelman in which the Oompa Loompas were white.

_______________________________________________________

Oompa loompas

“In the version first published,the Oompa Loompas were a tribe of 3,000 amiable black pygmies who have been imported by Mr. Willy Wonka from ‘the very deepest and darkest part of the African jungle where no white man had been before.’ Mr. Wonka keeps them in the factory, where they have replaced the sacked white workers."

__________________________________________

Oompa loompas

”Was the Cat in The Hat Black? https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=cDoqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT60&lpg=PT60&dq=joseph+schindelman+illustrator&source=bl&ots=m7eB650HNb&sig=ACfU3U0Gi8igxscqB7J-ZZwyVgc1jgNZzw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi96uuCj-XpAhWCxTgGHWvzBP04ChDoATATegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=joseph%20schindelman%20illustrator&f=false

______________________________________________________________

Oompa loompas

In the Seven Stories Archives "... a letter from Faith Jacques to Roald Dahl, asking his advice about her illustrations for the Puffin edition of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. “To my horror”, writes Jacques, the Puffin reader has indicated that the existing drawings do not accord with what is “presumably” a new passage in the text; the Oompa Loompas now need “deerskins”, rather than “rather vague loin-cloth affairs”; and would Mr Dahl like some women and children, or just “jolly, gay, giggly” men?"

https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/oompa-loompas-in-deerskins/

A review of "Drawn from the Archive: Hidden histories of illustration" by Sarah Lawrance

____________________________________________________________________

Oompa loompas

Original artwork:

https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30601437853&searchurl=fe%3Don%26n%3D100121503%26sortby%3D19%26tn%3Dcharlie%2Bchocolate%2Bfactory%26an%3Droald%2Bdahl&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp4-_-title21

__________________________________

Oompa loompas

Oompa Loompas redrawn image for 1973 paperback edition

Cameron:

https://www.roalddahlfans.com/dahls-work/books/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory/politically-correct-oompa-loompa-evolution/

Ooompa Loompas:

image also in above article

https://www.roalddahlfans.com/about-dahl/biographies/roald-dahl-a-biography/roald-the-rotten/

__________________________________________________________________________

Ooompa Loompas:

https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/UCB_McNair_Journal_2012_wc.pdf

Scholarly article or send up?

______________________________________________

Ooompa Loompas:Lucy Mangan - Inside the Chocolate Factory

All thing CatCF

________________________________________

Ooompa Loompas:

http://www.philnel.com/2010/09/19/censoring-ideology/

Book censoring

Chapter 2 (“How to Read Uncomfortably: Racism, Affect, and Classic Children’s Books”) of Was the Cat in the Hat Black?: The Hidden Racism of Children’s Literature and the Need for Diverse Books (Oxford UP, 2017), pp. 67-106.

Review of Nel's book https://muse.jhu.edu/article/732478

Selected Works
Writer and illustrator:


 * Drawing in Pen and Ink, 1964
 * Tilly's House, (1979)
 * Tilly's Rescue, (1980)
 * Kidnap in Willowbank Wood (1982)
 * Our Village (1983)
 * The Christmas Party (1986)

Illustrator only:


 * Nesbit, E. The Railway Children (1960) TH  S WAY OF CITING    (NB CANT FIND CORRECT ISBN)
 * Kamm, Josephine The story of Mrs. Pankhurst (1961)
 * Mathieson, Eric The true story of Jumbo the elephant (1963)
 * Knight, Isobel, Rescue in the snow,1963
 * Treece, Henry The Windswept City: A Novel of the Trojan War (1967)
 * Dahl, Roald Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, 1967
 * Williams, Ursula Moray, Mog, (1969)
 * Dickens,Charles,The magic fishbone (1969
 * History of Costume (1966-70)
 * Nesbit, E. The Island of the nine whirlpools (1970)
 * Williams, Ursula Moray, Johnnie Golightly and his crocodile (1970)
 * Ransome, Arthur Old Peter's Russian Tales, (1971)
 * Crush, Margaret A first look at costume (1972)


 * Bowden, Nina, Carrie's War (1973)


 * Dahl, Roald, Charlie and the great glass elevator (1973)
 * Pearce, Philippa What the neighbours did, and other stories (1973)
 * Duggan, Maurice Falter Tom and the water boy, )1974)
 * Williams, Ursula Moray Grandpapa's Folly and the woodworm-bookworm : a story (1974)
 * Lang, Andrew, Red Fairy Book (1974)
 * Harris, John A Peck of Pepper (1974)
 * Cresswell, Helen Lizzie Dripping again by (1974)
 * Nesbit, E. The old nursery stories (1975)
 * Garfield, Leon, London Apprentice series (1976-78)
 * Uttley, Allison, A Traveller in Time, Puffin, 1977
 * Treece, Henry The windswept city (1977)
 * Avery, Gillian Mouldy's Orphan (1978)
 * Ahlberg, Allan, Mr Buzz the beeman, Puffin, (1981)
 * Uttley, Allison, Little Grey Rabbit’s House (1982) Cut out book
 * Uttley, Allison, Tales of Little Brown Mouse (1984) Cut out book
 * Masefield, John The Box of Delights : when the wolves were running (1984)
 * Our Village Shop : an old-fashioned model store with its contents ready to cut out and assemble 1984
 * Hoffman, Mary,The Return of the Antelope (1985)
 * Thomson, Pat Good Girl Granny (1987)
 * Ahlberg, Allan Miss Dose the doctor's daughter (1988)
 * Sutherland, Zena The Little Orchard Book of Nursery Rhymes (1991)
 * Dickens, Monica The great fire (1993)

More books: http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?9850

___________

''"Artist Biographies". Artist Biographies. Retrieved 13 May 2020.''

https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Faith-Jaques-Book-Illustrations-Cheney-Brothers-London-Bookselling-E4-176/142644081061?_trkparms=aid%3D1110006%26algo%3DHOMESPLICE.SIM%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D225076%26meid%3D901f8965a1e945b6ae382acba5a44cac%26pid%3D100005%26rk%3D6%26rkt%3D12%26mehot%3Dpf%26sd%3D313068402624%26itm%3D142644081061%26pmt%3D1%26noa%3D0%26pg%3D2047675%26algv%3DSimplAMLv5PairwiseWebWithBBEV1Filter&_trksid=p2047675.c100005.m1851

____________________________________________________________

http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vl(freeText0)=%20Faith%20++Jaques&vl(2084770704UI0)=creator&vl(2084770705UI1)=all_items&fn=search&tab=local_tab&mode=Basic&vid=BLVU1&scp.scps=scope:(BLCONTENT)&ct=lateralLinking