User:Norco29er/sandbox2

Annotated bibliography:

- '''Schaffner, Kenneth F. Behaving: What's Genetic, What's Not, and Why Should We Care? N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.'''

Contains a large scale background on general genetics, and also provides insight into deep homology.

- '''Shubin, Neil, Cliff Tabin, and Sean Carroll. "Deep Homology and the Origins of Evolutionary Novelty." Nature 457.7231 (2009): 818-23. Web.'''

Journal that is very dense with examples as well as concepts regarding deep homology, written by the three most highly regarded evolutionary biologists.

'''- Mccune, Amy R., and John C. Schimenti. "Using Genetic Networks and Homology to Understand the Evolution of Phenotypic Traits." CG Current Genomics 13.1 (2012): 74-84. Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Web.'''

Government backed abstract which dives into several distinguishing points.

'''- Strausfeld, N. J., and F. Hirth. "Deep Homology of Arthropod Central Complex and Vertebrate Basal Ganglia." Science 340.6129 (2013): 157-61. Web.'''

Article containing separate examples of deep homology not described in other pieces.

'''-Zimmer, Carl. "The Search for Genes Leads to Unexpected Places." N.p., 26 Apr. 2010. Web.'''

'''-Davis, Marcus C. "The Deep Homology of the Autopod: Insights from Hox Gene Regulation." N.p., 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 12 Oct. 2016.'''

'''-Schneider, Igor, Ivy Aneas, and Andrew R. Gehrke. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2016.'''

'''-"Evo-devo, Deep Homology and FoxP2: Implications for the Evolution of Speech and Language." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2016.'''

'''-Zimmer, Carl. "From Fins Into Hands: Scientists Discover a Deep Evolutionary Link." New York Times. N.p., 17 Aug. 2016. Web.'''

Recent News

With the fairly recent successful trials of CRISPR gene editing techniques, scientists at the University of Chicago in August of 2016 discovered a completely new relationship of fins and fingers between fish and mammals. The type of genes that were studied in the research were Hox genes, which aid in forming the body of an organism in sections, with the number of sections depending on how complicated the given organism is. In this case, hox genes that regulated finger and toe formation in mice (HoxA and HoxD), were also identified in zebrafish gene sequences. Scientists then deleted the hox genes in the codes of several zebrafish embryos. When the embryos began to grow, scientists observed that the fish had very stunted ray fins. A secondary method of trying to prove this newfound relationship was in embryonic cell tracking. Specific embryonic cells were tracked as the fish grew, and the result was that the cells did not migrate from the base to the tip of the fins, and, as a result, grew into more cartilage than normal at the base of the fins. These results were confirmed using multiple CT scans to the affected areas of the specimens. The very recent discovery displays how such distantly related organisms can share certain genetic sequences in their genes.