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Wikitionary:res publica christiana

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The Oxford English Dictionary identifies that from the 13thcentury the adjective secular was used for members of the clergy who lived in the world or mundus as opposed to in monastic seclusion; for example a secular canon or abbot who was not a monk, but had the title and income, without the responsibilities of an abbot. It became used to describe belonging to the world and its affairs rather than those of the church and religion. It was usually a negative term meaning non-ecclesiastical, non-religious, or non-sacred. By the 16thcentury it described literature, history, art, music, writers, artists, buildings, education that were not concerned with or devoted to the service of religion. As a noun the word described one of the secular clergy to distinguish them from and monk and by the 15thcentury it was used for someone who was engaged in the affairs of the world as opposed to the affairs of the church. The verb secularization describes conversion of an ecclesiastical institution or its property to secular possession and use; the conversion of an Ecclesiastical polity to a lay one or the giving of a secular or non-sacred character or direction to art, studies, morals, education etc.