User:NottTheBrave/sandbox

Taxonomy and Distribution
There are two subspecies of Pyrrhura rupicola:


 * P. r. rupicola
 * P. r. sandiae

P. r. rupicola can be found in western South America and is common in Peru. P. r. sandiae can be found in the extreme west of Brazil, south-east Peru, and northern Bolivia. Commonly called the Sandia conure in aviculture, it features narrower scalloped feathers on the neck and breast and a lack of scalloped feathers on the hindneck.

Habitat Loss
Black capped parakeets are listed as near-threatened in the wild on Appendix II. The primary cause of their habitat loss is the deforestation of the Amazon Basin. It is estimated that between there will be a 13.7% and 15.5% of habitable land over 18 years. A decrease in forest buffers alongside streams, amnesty for land owners guilty of illegal deforestation before 2008, and a reduction in the amount of private land that must be kept as forest contribute to this problem.

Behavior
Black capped parakeets are highly social birds. In the wild, they flock with up to 30 birds at a time. During breeding season smaller groups of families can be found. They are communal roosters. Black capped parakeets enjoy bathing. In the wild black capped parakeets are canopy feeders. The black capped parakeet lives up to 30 years in captivity.

Breeding
Black capped parakeets reach sexual maturity between 1 and 3 years old. They roost in small groups during breeding season. A clutch generally has 4 to 7 eggs. They have a 24 day incubation period, followed by 7 to 8 weeks of parental care. Black capped parakeets have a breeding season from February to March.

Diet
Wild black capped parakeets eat a variety of fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetation. They may also raid farmers crops.

Aviculture
Known as the black capped conure in aviculture, it is known as the quietest of the conures. They are sociable birds who require a lot of attention. They may be shy around new people, but its highly inquisitive nature often negates any shyness.

Behavior
As highly inquisitive birds, black capped conures require many versatile toys to keep them occupied. Many toys should be obtained and rotated out every few days. Interactive toys such as bird puzzles can entertain a conure and prevent boredom. Black capped conures have an affinity for water and enjoy bathing. Their water bowl should be changed twice a day for this reason. After bathing, black capped conures shiver to build and maintain body heat.

Biting
Wild conures do not bite regularly. Birds have a non-verbal language that humans often do not understand, resulting in a bite. Conures may also bite to elicit a strong response from the owners. If the response to biting is to place the conure in their cage, they may begin to bite when they want to return to their cage, or they may begin to dislike their cage and associate it with punishment. The best solutions to unwarranted biting are standing your ground with a firm "no" or ignoring the bird and leaving the room.

Diet
A black capped conure should be fed a healthy mix of fruits, vegetables, and pellets. The pellets should account for about 75% of the birds diet. 25% of their diet should be fresh fruit and vegetables. Seeds, nuts, and other treats high in fat should be used as a reward and to supplement the diet. Black capped conures should be given a wide variety of colorful fruits and vegetables. Light green or white vegetables have little nutritional value. Conures can eat people food, although they cannot eat avocados, chocolate, alcohol, or caffiene. They can eat small amounts of meat and eggs, although they should avoid foods high in fat and salt.

Breeding
Although black capped conures are not the most prolific breeders, they can be bred in captivity. They start breeding around 18 months old, although the exact number varies for each bird. The females should be introduced to their nesting cage first, and given time to acclimate to the change before introducing the males. Pairings should take place at the end of December. There are rarely problems with mate acceptance. Eggs are laid in February, and hatching occurs 23 days later in March. Nest boxes should be left alone unless the parents are not taking care of their young. This can be determined by listening to the babies cries, interrupted cries that eventually stop indicate the babies are being fed. The babies are ready to leave the parents at around 8 or 9 weeks.