User:Nps.pangrum/sandbox

'''Definition of Revolution in other languages and how it is used in each country historical context '''

1. Latin : 

2. French : 

3. Spanish :

4. English ( England ) : Revolution is defined as a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war.

Historically, it has been used in the context of “English Civil War” or also known as “The English revolution” to some. Many scholars, including Reynold Williams noted an interesting keyword here in this event,

“…the most fascinating aspect of this complex of words in the 17th century, is that the Cromwell revolution was called, by its enemies or those who were against it, “ The Great Rebellion” or by those who were neutral to the event, “ The English Civil War”''.

The words revolution was used, but more in connection to another events afterward, “ The Glorious Revolution” of 1688 or “ The bloodless revolution”

It was called a revolution by historians, but the system of the monarchy remained the same— there was no violence or uprising of any kind. This was a revolution that brought England back to its original state and restore a Protestant King and Queen on the English throne. In this instance, Revolution is about going back. It is not abrupt with violence and change. So the meaning is different from the way we understand “revolution” today.

5. Thai : Revolution is called “การปฏิวัติ”, which is defined in Thai language as ''“the change in power structure or a ‘reorganisation’ of the political system that occurred over a relatively short period of time. This change in the system typically refers to the demolishing/ canceling of the old structure and replacing it with the new.“''

In comparison to the western definition of a revolution, a revolution in Thailand does not need to be achieved by having large numbers of people fighting together for basic social, economic, and political change. It is not so much a social movement by the people for the people as it is a small political group making the decision. As seen in how the Thai’s history records have only considered themselves to have one political revolution only ; namely the Siam Revolution of June 1932. Scholars argue that this is considered a revolution because it is the change that transforms Thai’s regime from a system of Absolute Monarchy to a Constitutional Monarchy instead.

But a closer analysis of the event suggested that this so-called “ revolution” is more similar to a coup instead. Steinberg suggested that as this small group of aristocrats and elites were forcing the 7th King of Thailand to give up his power as the Absolute Monarchy and change it to a Constitutional Monarchy instead so that politicians could come into play. The general public, to a certain extent, was almost ignorant of this change when it happened. Thus, it is more in accordance with the definition of Coup d’état or "การรัฐประหาร" in Thai, which refer to the sudden, decisive exercise of power whereby the existing government is subverted without the consent of the people; an unexpected measure of state, more or less violent; a stroke of policy. Or according to Webster's Dictionary : Coup d’état ‐ Stroke of State: the sudden forcible overthrow of a ruler, government, etc., sometimes with violence, by a small group of people already having some political or military authority.

However, in Thailand, they defined a coup d'etat “การรัฐประหาร” as ‘ ''a seizing of power by unconstitutional means; following the overthrow of the government or the administrator of the state at time, they would either continue to use the old constitution or promulgated a new constitution in order to have an election taking place soon after. But they would not overthrow the regime or the entire state.’''

Furthermore, it should be noted that the Thai’s Supreme Court interprets that “ a coup d'état is not against the law, because "law is an order, an order of Ratthathipat” "กฎหมายคือคำสั่งคำบัญชาของรัฏฐาธิปัตย์" ; which means “law is an order, an order of sovereignty.” Thus, the King can sign the approval of a coup and make it righteous in the eyes of the law. Overall, since the Siam “revolution” of 1932, Thailand has had a total of 13 coup d’etat in total. To a certain extent, the coup act as an insurance, every time the politician has committed too much crime, the army would rise up and take control back until there is a new election again. Those army who lead a successful coup would often call themselves, "คณะปฏิรูป" or  "คณะปฏิวัติ", which has the same meaning to the world revolution “การปฏิวัติ” in the Thai language instead of using word that has similar meaning to a coup.