User:Nurdenizcalis/Fecr-i Ati

Fecr-i Ati (modern Turkish: Dawn of the Future) is a literary group. It has been argued that Fecr-i Ati is a movement that appeared as a reaction to Edebiyat-ı Cedide. Fecr-i Ati appeared in the shape of a literary group united around particular principles, just as its counterparts in the West. With the 1908 declaration of freedom, this revolution started by the young people got together around the journal Servet-i Fünûn; by working on "French symbolism", it led off for the rise of an excellent poet like Ahmet Haşim.

The Fecr-i Ati society organized its first meeting in Istanbul on March 20, 1909, at the printing house where the newspaper "Hilal" was printed, and on February 24, 1910, in the 977 issue of Servet-i Fünûn journal, it declared the motives for its institution to the public. The name claimed as "Sinâ-yı Emel" turns into concluded as "Fecr-i Ati" Upon Faik Ali's request. Those who proclaimed the first manifesto accepted by our literature are those of Fecr-i Ati. According to them; Literature is highly important occupation.

""According to the Council, literature was highly important and they did not approve it as a means to take pleasure. The first representatives of this belief in our literature are Servet-i Fünûnists. In fact, they were the first to pioneer the Turkish public on the matter of literature being an important occupation. Although they were anticipated to restart this important work after 1908, unfortunately, they did not show up. Thus, though their service is always admired, it would be convenient to think them as "the past". For now, Fecr-i Âti, which is a minor example of similar societies in European literature, stands for the future of Turkish literature. To pay attention to the improvement of language, literature, literary and social sciences; bringing together the young talents, but keeping informed the public with intellectual discussions, translating significant works of literature and ideas of the West, organizing conferences on literature and intellectual subjects, and establishing permanent communication with counterparts in the West are among his dreams.""

- (Servet-i Fünun, C:38, No:977, 11 Şubat 1325)

The Artists of Fecr-i Ati
The owners of the signatures under this declaration of Fecr-i Ati:


 * Ahmet Haşim
 * Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu
 * Refik Halit Karay
 * Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver
 * Ali Süha Delilbaşı
 * Ahmet Samim
 * Emin Bülent Serdaroğlu
 * Emin Lami
 * Tahsin Nahit
 * Celâl Sahir Erozan
 * Cemil Süleyman
 * Mehmet Behçet
 * İzzet Melih Devrim
 * Abdülhak Hayri
 * İbrahim Alaettin Gövsa
 * Şahabettin Süleyman
 * Ali Faik Ozansoy
 * Müfit Ratip
 * Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç
 * Ali Canip Yöntem
 * Mehmet Fuad Köprülü

Faik Ali Ozansoy symbolically governed over the group that disbanded at the end of 1912, followed by Fazıl Ahmet, Hamdullah Suphi and Celal Sahir Erozan, respectively.

Their Concepts of Art
The society's understanding of art that held its first gathering in a room of the Hilal printing house in Babıali and embraced the name of Fecr-i Ati that founded by Faik Ali, is art for art. It focuses on the following idea in the declration they published:

"Art is individual and respectable." Symbolists (symbolists) in poetry, Chekhov and Maupassant in stories and novels, and Ibsen in theater are taken as examples.

The Characteristics of the literature of Fecr-i Ati

 * Şahabettin Süleyman, Yakup Kadri, Refik Halit, Cemil Süleyman, Köprülüzade Mehmet Fuat, Tahsin Nahit, Emin Bülent, Ali Süha, Faik Ali and Müfit Ratip, who gathered at the Hilal Printing House on March 20, 1909, plan to start a new movement. Ahmet Haşim also joins this movement. Thus, Fecr-i Ati Encümen-i Edebisi Declaration was published on February 24, 1910. Fecr-i Ati literature begins with a statement published in Servet-i Fünûn magazine after the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy.
 * It is the community that published the first literary declaration (declaration) in our literature.
 * It was born as a reaction to the literature of Servet-i Fünûn.
 * They adhere to the vision that 'Art is individual and respectable'.
 * They have the vision that 'Literature is a significant and serious business, it needs to be told to the public.'
 * To serve the development and progress of language, literature and art, like its counterparts in the West; to bring together young people; to enlighten the public with level-headed discussions; to translate valuable and important foreign works into Turkish; They aim to establish contact with similar communities in the West, thereby bringing Turkish literature closer to Western literature, and introducing Western literature to Turkish literature.
 * Though it was born as a reaction to Servet-i Fünûn, they preserve the characteristics of this literature in the area of poetry.
 * The main themes in their poems are nature and love.
 * Nature descriptions are far from reality and subjective.
 * It served as a bridge between Servet-i Fünûn and National Literature.
 * In terms of language, it is the continuation of Servet-i Fünûn. They created a closed language of poetry, full of Arabic and Persian words and phrases, far from the daily language.
 * By using the aruz meter, they improved the free mustezat genre.
 * They were closely interested in theatre.
 * Symbolism is especially effective in poetry. They take Maupassant as an example in the story and Henrich Ibsen in the theatre.
 * They disintegrated in a short time because they advocated individual freedom and as a result, diversity, rather than uniting around certain values in a certain artistic understanding. The Young Pens magazine, published by Ömer Seyfettin and Ziya Gökalp, was especially influential in their dissolution. That is, the beginning of the National Literature movement ends Fecr-i Ati.
 * Fecr-i Ati acts as a bridge between Edebiyat-ı Cedide and National Literature.
 * The most important representative of Fecr-i Ati is Ahmet Haşim.
 * The people who sign the Declaration of Fecr-i Ati: Ahmet Haşim, Ahmet Samim, Emin Bülent (Serdaroğlu), Emin Lami, Tahsin Nahit, Celal Sahir (Erozan), Doktor Cemil Süleyman, Hamdullah Suphi (Tanrıöver), Refik Halit (Karay), Şahabettin Süleyman, Abdülhak Hayri, İzzet Melih (Devrim), Ali Canip (Yöntem), Ali Süha (Delibaşı), Faik Ali (Ozansoy), Fazıl Ahmet (Aykaç), Mehmet Behçet (Yazar), Mehmet Rüştü, Mehmet Fuat (Köprülü), Müfit Ratip, Yakup Kadri (Karaosmanoğlu), İbrahim Alaattin.
 * With the beginning of the National Literature, Hamdullah Suphi, Ali Canib and Celal Sahir joined this movement and the community was dissolved in 1912. Only Ahmet Haşim adhered to the basic principles of Fecr-i Ati literature and did not join the National Literature Movement.
 * Fecri Ati declared views, Yakup Kadri, Celal Sahir, Ahmet Haşim, Müfit Ratip, Mehmet Fuat and Ali Canib in the journal named "The Picture Book"; Mehmet Rauf, Hüseyin Suat and Raf Necdet also answered the criticism in Servet-i Fünûn.

Results
Although the defenders of Fecr-i Ati did not make as important a contribution to our literature as the Servet-i Fünun writers of that day, their relationship with Western literature was tighter. Their escape to individuality, inconsistencies in the members' understanding of art, their inability to gather around common views and produce strong works, discussions, criticism, the members' rupture as they are shaken, prepares the destruction of this current. With the emergence of Young Pens, Fecr-i Ati literature disappeared before the end of 1912 and a large part of Fecr-i Ati literature was connected to National Literature.

The Fecr-i Ati writers, while they wanted to become an institution, could not realize the goals they pursued, such as trying to advance writing and social sciences, and ensuring unity and solidarity among artists. Although they were against Edebiyat-ı Cedide, they were not able to express their reactions clearly, nor were they able to break away from it, especially in terms of language. Moreover, although they stated the opposite at every opportunity, they were considered the continuation of Edebiyat-ı Cedide. The fact that they could not publish a magazine and that they initially gathered around the magazine Servet'i-Fünun also caused this.

The fact that they wrote in journals with different tendencies, which were published by taking advantage of the relative freedom that came with the Constitutional Monarchy, caused confusion. In addition, their interpretation of the principle of "Art is individual and respectable" as the fact that everyone has different views and understands art in different ways accelerated this mess. In a certain understanding of art, they advocated individual freedom and, as a result, diversity, rather than unity in certain values. Each of them was in an effort to create a beauty according to its own taste and taste.

This shows that Fecr-i Ati is not a literary movement, but a movement formed by young artists who are connected to each other by friendship. As a matter of fact, each of them will develop their art in a different way and reach different understandings of art in changing social conditions.

Declaration of Fecr-i Ati Council of Literature
Fecr-i Âti community publishes the Fecr-i Ati Committee Declaration in the Servet-i Fünun Magazine on February 24, 1909, criticizes the literary understanding of the period and wants to return the lost literary value from the concept of "leisure time" to "spiritual training".

Names that set out for this purpose: Ahmed Samim, Ahmet Haşim, Emin Bülend, Emin Lami, Tahsin Nahid, Celal Sahir (Re'is), Cemil Süleyman, Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver, Refik Halit Karay, Şabaheddin Süleyman, Abdülhak Hayri, İzzet Melik, Ali Canib, Ali Süha, Faik Ali, Fazıl Ahmed, Mehmet Behçed, Mehmed Rüşdü, Mehmed Fuad, Müfit Ratib ve Yakub Kadri create works in the understanding they declare.

Dış bağantılar

 * The article of Emine Gürbüz
 * Full text of Manifest