User:Nvvchar/sandbox/Mavi:Banyan tree in Lahaina

The Banyan tree in Lahaina, in Maui, Hawaii, USA was planted on 24 April 1873 in Lahaina to mark the 50th anniversary of the arrival of first American Protestant mission. The Banyan tree Ficus benghalensis, known in Hawaiian as paniana, located in the Courthouse Square, which is renamed as the Banyan Tree Park covering 1.94acres, is not only the largest in the state but also in the United Sates. The tree, a gift from missionaries in India, a mere 8 ft when planted, has grown to a height of about 60 ft and has rooted into 16 trunks with the canopy spread over an area of about 0.66 acre.

History
The banyan tree is located close to the port in the historical Lahaina town, which was the former capital of Hawaii. It is the oldest banyan tree in Hawaii. The banyan tree, received as a gift by the Smith family in the 1870s, was planted on 24 April 1873 at Lahaina by William Owen Smith, the then sheriff of Lahaina. The tree was planted to mark the 50th anniversary of the arrival of the first Protestant mission in Maui; the mission had been invited to Maui by Queen Keōpūolani, wife of late King Kamehameha. Its extensive trunk and aerial root system now covers 0.66 acre, located in the Courthouse Square, which is renamed as the Banyan Tree Park covering 1.94 acres. It is not only the largest in the Hawaii state but also in the United Sates. The park is managed by the County of Maui and the Lahaina Restoration Foundation.

According to reports a royal ball was held under the tree in 1886 for King Kamehameha III on his birthday.

The Aloha Festivals Week is held under this tree and the last day of the week, a full day programme, is marked by music and dance, and exhibition of arts and crafts.

Features
The banyan tree or Ficus benghalensis is from India, and it is known for its unusual growth of its roots. The roots descend or sprout from the branches into aerial roots towards the ground where they form new trunks. This results in growth of many trunks around the main trunk. The banyan, native to India, is one of 60 types (out of reported 1,000 species in the world)  of fig trees found throughout Hawaii. The trees which are tall and “grow into mazes of additional trunks” and in Lahiana the tree covers an area of over half an acre. The Banyan tree in Lahaina, when planted, was a sapling of 8 ft height. Over the years it has grown to a height of over 60 ft (as of 2005) and spread into 16 main trunks, apart from the main trunk covering a canopy of 0.25 mi. The growth of the roots was facilitated by the local Japanese gardening community by hanging lanterns filled with water at suitable aerial roots. It is one of the sixty fig tree species in Hawaii and is said to be the largest tree in Hawaii and in the United States. It has a circumference of about one fourth of a mile, and about a thousand people could congregate under it. A sight to watch at dusk time is the congregation of birds such as  Common Myna birds (Acridotheres tristis) which roost in the branches of the tree for the night causing a cacophony of bird cries.The name "banyan" is derived from the Hindu word traders (banyans) who traded their products under the canopy of these trees.

Conservation
The tree has been subject to severe stress due to drought conditions, soil compaction from foot and vehicle traffic in the park, and also due to developmental activities in the vicinity. As a result, restrictions have been imposed on plying vehicles under the tree. Its sustenance has been ensured by the Lahaina Restoration Foundation by installing an irrigation system in the park.