User:Nyushik/Mudrov, Matvey Yakovlevich

Matvey Yakovlevich Mudrov

Date of Birth - March 23 (April 3) 1776

Place of birth - Vologda

Died - 8 (20) July 1831 (age 55)

Place of death - Saint Petersburg

Country - Russian Empire

Scientific sphere - medicine

Place of work - Moscow University

Alma Mater - Moscow University (1800)

Degree - Doctor of Medicine (1804)

Awards and prizes

Matvey Yakovlevich Mudrov (1776, Vologda - 1831, St. Petersburg) - doctor, tenured professor of pathology and therapy at Moscow University.

Biography
Born into the family of a poor priest of the Vologda nunnery on March 23 (April 3), 1776. Was the fourth son. In 1794, after studying at the Vologda Theological Seminary, he was admitted, on the recommendation of F.F. Keresturi, he entered the senior (rector's) class of the university gymnasium and in 1796 he was transferred to the first year of the medical faculty of Moscow University. During his studies, on the recommendation of F.G. Politkovsky, he was invited to treat the 11-year-old daughter of Kh. A. Chebotarev, Sophia, who was ill with smallpox, whom he later married.

In 1800 he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the University with two gold medals. Before leaving abroad in 1802, he attended the Medical-Surgical Academy and worked as a doctor at the Naval Hospital. According to some reports, at this time he was admitted to Riga as a Freemason. Abroad, he attended lectures at the University of Berlin with Professor Hufeland, in Hamburg - with Professor Rechlaub, in Göttingen - with Richter, in Vienna Mudrov studied eye diseases under the guidance of Professor Beer. He also lived for four years in Paris, listening to lectures by professors Portal, Pinel, Boye and others.

Abroad, Matvey Yakovlevich wrote the essay "De spontanea plaucentae solutione" ("On the spontaneous discharge of the placenta"), which he sent to the Moscow Institute; in 1804 he received a doctorate in medicine for this, and on August 2, 1805, he was appointed professor extraordinary at the university. In 1807, on his return to Moscow, Mudrov was detained by order of the government in Vilno, where he headed a department of the main military hospital and distinguished himself by successfully treating bloody diarrhea, which the Russian army suffered. Here he also wrote in French a work on military field surgery: "Principles of military pathology ...".

In June 1808, Mudrov returned to Moscow and began to teach Moscow University a completely new course in military medicine. In July, he delivered an act speech "On the benefits and items of military hygiene, or science to maintain the health of military personnel", which turned out to be so relevant that it was printed and reprinted twice (in 1813 and 1826). Since April 1809, he was an ordinary professor of pathology, therapy and clinics and director of the Clinical Institute (instead of F.G. Politkovsky, who left due to illness). In 1812, he traveled with the rector Geim and professors Chebotarev, Strakhov and Romodanovsky, and with the pupils of the gymnasium went to Nizhny Novgorod; after the liberation of Moscow from the enemy, he put a lot of effort into the renewal of the anatomical audience and the restoration of the medical faculty.

On the day of the renovation of the Faculty of Medicine - October 13, 1813 - Mudrov pronounced "A Word about the piety and moral qualities of the Hippocratic physician", in which for the first time in the history of Russia the teachings of Hippocrates were read out in Russian (he was the first to translate "Hippocrates collection" (Latin "Corpus Hippocraticum ") into Russian). At the same time, in 1813-1817, he was an ordinary professor of pathology, therapy and clinic in the Moscow branch of the Medical-Surgical Academy, where he opened a clinical institute. He was repeatedly elected Dean of the Faculty of Medicine (1812-1815, 1819-1820, 1825-1827 and 1828-1830). Also, thanks to the efforts of Mudrov, the church of St. John Climacus in the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, consecrated in 1822. In 1828, Mudrov left the post of director of the Clinical Institute.

Mudrov exerted a serious moral influence on students. In an effort to embody the "ideal of the Hippocratic doctor" in his students, Mudrov urged them to be compassionate and merciful, to treat patients humanely, while being a vivid example to follow. All activity of Mudrov as a doctor was permeated by the Christian idea of ​​helping one's neighbor. In the first third of the 19th century, Mudrov was the most popular practitioner in Moscow - he treated poor patients for free, helped them not only with medicines, but also with everything they needed. In 1830, Mudrov was appointed a member of the Central Commission for the Fight against Cholera. He died of cholera in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the cholera cemetery of the Vyborg side. The grave has not survived; in 1913, G.A. Kolosov found a granite tombstone on the site of a cemetery that was abolished at the end of the 19th century.

In 1878, in the magazine "Russian Starina", a certain P.P. (possibly Pyotr Petrovich Pekarsky) described the location of Mudrov's grave in the cemetery: "To the left of the entrance under three centuries-old fir trees" among the burials of other famous people - Admiral G.A/ Sarychev, engineer-general K. I. Opperman, merchant V. I. Pivovarov. At the end of the 19th century, the cholera cemetery was abolished, and in 1913 the medical historian G.A. Kolosov (1875-1948) found there a lonely granite slab with a half-erased inscription: cholera commission, doctor, professor and director of the Clinical Institute of Moscow University, actual state councilor and various orders of the knight who finished his earthly career after long-term service to mankind in the Christian feat of suppressing aid to those infected with cholera in St. Petersburg and his zeal fell victim to it. "

A family
Wife (since 1809) - Sofya Kharitonovna Mudrova (1786-10.08.1833), daughter of professor and rector of Moscow University Khariton Andreyevich Chebotarev from his marriage to Sofia Ivanovna Vilkins. Received an excellent education at home. She listened to the first public lectures of Professor Strakhov, a physicist. According to S. P. Zhikharev, she had “a serious mind and at twenty, apart from ancient languages, she knew so many sciences and knew so thoroughly that it would fit a different professor: it was Pascal in a skirt. But she was very ugly, too. " She lived with her husband in her own house in Moscow on Presnenskie ponds. She died of diarrhea on the estate of her son-in-law in the village Chukavino, Staritsk district, Tver province. She was buried there at the Vladimir Church. In marriage, she had children:


 * Nadezhda (1813 - d. In childhood)


 * Sophia (1815-1897), married in 1831 to Ivan Ermolaevich Velikopolsky and lived in his estate Chukavino. A copy of the book "Eugene Onegin" was found there, donated by N.O. Pushkina to Sofya Matveyevna; her great-granddaughter, E. A. Chizhova, presented this book to V. S. Yakut, and now the book is in the A. S. Pushkin Museum.


 * Neil (1816 - d. As a child)

Memory

 * In Vologda, the name of Mudrov is immortalized in the name of a small street on which a memorial plaque is installed: "This street bears the name of our fellow countryman, an outstanding figure in Russian science, a prominent specialist in the field of social hygiene and clinical medicine Mudrov Matvey Yakovlevich." The board was opened in 1976.


 * The mobile consultative and diagnostic center of Russian Railways was named after Matvey Yakovlevich Mudrov.

Mudrov's works
Mudrov owns the following works:


 * «Principes de la pathologie militaire concernant la guerison des plaies d’armes a feu et l’amputation des membres sur le champ de la bataille ou a la suite du traitement developpes aupres des lits der blesses» (Vilna, 1808);
 * "Discourse on the means, which are everywhere, which ... should help a sick soldier", read in the medical-physical society in 1812; "A brief instruction on cholera and how to protect yourself from it ...", first ed. in Vladimir in 1830, the second in Moscow in 1831. lecture"Nosographia physiologica, ad leges et extispicia anatomiae generalis et pathologicae delineata" // Abstracts of the Department of Medical Sciences at the Imperial Moscow University. - Moscow: In the University Printing House, 1828. - P.22-66.

Mudrov's original work consists of a collection of case histories of all patients whom he treated for 22 years. This collection consisted of 40 volumes of a small format, where Matvey Yakovlevich entered, according to a special system, all scientific information about the patient, about the medicines prescribed for him, etc.

Mudrov was a practicing doctor who attached great importance to the observation and nature of patients, following the work of a professor at the University of Vilnius I. Frank - "Praxeos medicae universae praecepta", and only in the 20s began to lean towards the system of Dr. F. Brousse. Mudrov was known for his piety (Lyalikov's Student Memories in Rus. Arch., 1875, no. 11). In everyday life he lived simply and almost ascetic.

Literature

 * Biography of M. Ya. Mudrov // Selected Works / Ed. and will enter. Art. A.G. Ghukasyan. —M .: Publishing house Acad. honey. Sciences of the USSR, 1949 .-- 294 p. - (Workers of domestic medicine / Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR). Volkov V.A., Kulikova M.V. Moscow professors of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Natural and technical sciences. - M .: Janus-K; Moscow textbooks and cartoolithography, 2003. - P. 162-163. - 294 p. - (Figures of science and education of Moscow). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 5-8037-0164-5 . Smotrov V.N. Mudrov. 1776-1831. - M .: Medgiz, 1947 .-- 88 p. - (Outstanding workers of Russian medicine). - 20,000 copies.  Blagova O.V., Nedostup A.V. In search of Mudrov // Moscow Journal. - 2007. - No. 4. - P. 6-13. - ISSN 0868-7110.  Imperial Moscow University: 1755-1917: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Andreev A. Yu., Tsygankov D. A .. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2010. - P. 469 - 470. - 894 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8243-1429-8 .  Dr. med. Zmeev Lev Fedorovich. A dictionary of doctors who received their doctor of medicine (and surgery) degrees from the Imperial Moscow University before 1863. - St. Petersburg: Tipo-lit. V.G. Apostolova, 1885 .-- 67 p.

Ссылки

 * Matvey Yakovlevich Mudrov
 * Unusual doctor Matvey Mudrov, who invented "Medicine of the Poor"
 * Unusual doctor Matvey Mudrov, who invented "Medicine of the Poor"