User:Nzsh13/sandbox

Surgical humidification
Surgical humidification is the conditioning of carbon dioxide gas (C02) used during surgery with water vapour (humidity) and heat to reduce the risk of tissue drying and associated evaporative cooling.

Laparoscopic humidification
During laparoscopy (laparoscopic surgery or minimally invasive surgery), it is necessary to insufflate the abdominal cavity (i.e. inflate the abdomen like a balloon) with medical-grade CO2 to create a viewing and working space for the surgery. The CO2 may be unconditioned, or conditioned with heat, or with humidification and heat. During insufflation, the peritoneum, an extensive delicate membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity as well as most of the abdominal organs, is exposed to the CO2.

Unconditioned medical CO2 has virtually no moisture and enters the abdomen at room temperature (19-21 °C). The condition of the gas is dry and cold compared to the natural physiological state of the peritoneum which is immersed in fluid at body temperature (37 °C). Experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated that insufflation with unconditioned CO2 causes evaporation of the fluid and drying of the peritoneum, resulting in inflammation and damage to the cells of the peritoneum. Clinically, peritoneal injury caused by drying has been linked to postoperative pain , evaporative cooling resulting in a decrease in core temperature and increased risk of intra-operative hypothermia     , as well as adhesion formation.