User:Oalynch/sandbox

Crucifix (Cimabue, Arezzo) what were the stylistic advancements in Cimabue after the Crucifix was made? the article appeared to be neutral no viewpoints seemed to be overrepresented or underrepresented only three sources are used but they're all from published works that are available many references made reference another Wikipedia article Oalynch (talk) 23:51, 23 February 2019 (UTC)

 After 9/11 

The United States Patriot Act, passed after the September 11 attacks, gives the government anti-money laundering powers to monitor financial institutions. The Patriot Act has controversy in the United States since its enactment. The United States has also collaborated with the United Nations and other countries to create the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program. Many initiatives have stemmed from the USA PATRIOT Act such as the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, which focuses specifically on money laundering and financial crimes.

The United Nations Security Council acquired Resolution 1373 after the 9/11 attacks. This resolution is applied to all states, making sure that they deny all financial aid to those who participate in terrorist activities.

Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act was put in place in 2001 after the 9/11 attacks. A report shown that in 2009 it aided in blocked around $20 million and another $280 million that came from State Sponsors of Terrorism.

 Methodologies of Funding Terrorism 

Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is able to supply a list of known terrorist organizations. Terrorists often use people who have no criminal backgrounds to complete financial transactions as they would not to be tracked as easily. These transactions are often disguised as donations to charities and gifts from family, these are legal transactions but their intended purpose is illegal because it is for the benefit of terrorist organizations. Countries are not able to combat terrorism on their own, as corporate actors are needed to scan financial transactions themselves. If corporate actors do not comply with the state then penalties or regulatory sanctions may be applied.

Terrorists and terrorist organizations often use any resource of money they can have access to in order to fund themselves. This can range from the distribution of narcotics, black market oil, having businesses such as car dealerships, taxi companies, etc. ISIS is known to use black market oil distribution as a means of funding their terrorist activity.

The internet is a growing modern form of terrorist finance as it is able to protect the anonymity that it can provide to the donor and recipient. Terrorist organizations use propaganda in order to rallie up financial support from those who follow them. They are also able to find funds through criminal activity on the internet such as stealing online banking information from people who are not correlated to these terrorist organizations. Terrorist organizations also use the front of being a charity to finance themselves. Al- Qaeda is a known terrorist organization that has used the internet in order to finance their organization, as through this platform they are able to reach a wider audience.

 Preventing the Funding of Terrorism 

AML and CTF both carry the notion of Know Your Customer (KYC), this entails financial organizations to have in person identification and to observe the lawfulness of the transaction in question. Although this methodology is not favoured by banks, lawyers or other professionals who are able to see the transaction of money or legal aid occurring, because of the business and client relationship that can be hurt through the process of personal identification. This can damage relationships between long term clients who need to prove their identity, and respected members of society do not want to be asked for personal identification every time.

The FATF Blacklist (the Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories list) mechanism was used to coerce countries to bring about change.

 United Kingdom 

The UK Prevention of Terrorism Act was put in place in 1989 to help prevent the financing of terrorism. This was more so to help shut down the funding of the Republican paramilitary in Northern Ireland. Income sources for the Republic paramilitary came from gambling machines, cab companies and charitable donations.

 United Nations 

The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1373 after the 9/11 attacks. This outlined that states were not allowed to provide financing to terrorist organizations, allow safe havens to them and that information regarding terrorist groups had to be shared with other governments.

A committee was formed in the United Nations that were in charge of gathering a list of organizations and people who had ties with terrorism or were suspected of terrorism whose financial accounts needed to be frozen and that no financial institutes would be able to do trade with them.

–Terrorists use low value but high volume fraud activity to fund their operations.[citation needed] Paramilitary groups[which?] in Northern Ireland are using[citation needed] legitimate businesses such as hotels, pubs and taxi operators to launder money and fund political activities. Even beyond Ireland, terrorists are buying out/controlling front-end businesses especially cash-intensive businesses including in some cases money services businesses to move monies.[citation needed] Bulk cash smuggling and placement through cash-intensive businesses is one typology. They are now also moving monies through the new online payment systems. They also use trade linked schemes to launder monies. Nonetheless, the older systems have not given way. Terrorists also continue to move monies through MSBs/Hawalas, and through international ATM transactions.[citation needed] Charities also continue to be used in countries where controls are not so stringent. Not necessary to the article, no sources provided or quotations.

Oalynch (talk) 23:05, 26 February 2019 (UTC)