User:ObeliskBJM/Sandbox-2

!style="background-color:#D9D9D9" align=left valign=top width="350px"|Фракция !style="background-color:#D9D9D9" align=center width="50"|Число депутатов !style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|
 * align=left|Единство и стабильность
 * align="right" valign=top|267
 * {|267
 * align=left|Объединённые демократы Российской Федерации
 * align="right" valign=top|64
 * {|64
 * align=left|Народное возрождение
 * align="right" valign=top|61
 * {|61
 * align=left|Российская объединённая социал-демократическая партия
 * align="right" valign=top|20
 * {|20
 * align=left|Партия пенсионеров России
 * align="right" valign=top|11
 * {|11
 * align=left|Независимые
 * align="right" valign=top|27
 * {|27
 * align=left colspan="3"|
 * }
 * align=left|Независимые
 * align="right" valign=top|27
 * {|27
 * align=left colspan="3"|
 * }
 * align=left colspan="3"|
 * }
 * }

!style="background-color:#D9D9D9" align=left valign=top width="350px"|Parties and alliances !style="background-color:#D9D9D9" align=right|Votes !style="background-color:#D9D9D9" align=right|% !style="background-color:#D9D9D9" align=right|Seats
 * align=left bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| Fatherland Front
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|2,988,806
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|70.1
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|366
 * align=left|  Bulgarian Communist Party
 * align="right" valign=top|2,264,852
 * align="right" valign=top|53.1
 * align="right" valign=top|275
 * align=left|  Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (Obbov faction)
 * align="right" valign=top|564,581
 * align="right" valign=top|13.2
 * align="right" valign=top|69
 * align=left|  Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (Neikov faction)
 * align="right" valign=top|79,771
 * align="right" valign=top|1.9
 * align="right" valign=top|9
 * align=left|  Political Movement "Zveno"
 * align="right" valign=top|70,731
 * align="right" valign=top|1.6
 * align="right" valign=top|8
 * align=left|  Radical Democratic Party
 * align="right" valign=top|8,864
 * align="right" valign=top|0.2
 * align="right" valign=top|5
 * align=left bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|Opposition Bloc
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|1,191,455
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|28.0
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|99
 * align=left|  Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (Nikola Petkov)
 * align="right" valign=top|
 * align="right" valign=top|
 * align="right" valign=top|89
 * align=left|  Opposition Socialists
 * align="right" valign=top|
 * align="right" valign=top|
 * align="right" valign=top|10
 * align=left bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|Democratic Party
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|22,736
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|0.5
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|–
 * align=left style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|Total
 * width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|4,266,694
 * width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|100.0
 * width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|465
 * }
 * align=left bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|Democratic Party
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|22,736
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|0.5
 * align="right" valign=top bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|–
 * align=left style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|Total
 * width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|4,266,694
 * width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|100.0
 * width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|465
 * }
 * width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#D9D9D9"|465
 * }

Category:Europe election result templates

1. In this essay I attempt to answer the question, What does it mean to be a socialist today? focusing on three dimensions of this question in particular. First, what is the role of a socialist in a world where free-market capitalism seems triumphant? Second, what parts of the historical experience of socialism, and which socialist ideas, are still relevant today? Third, what does it mean to consider oneself a socialist, as opposed to a member of any other current within the broader progressive movement — a New Leftist, a Green, a social-liberal or partisan of the "Third Way"?

2. This essay is intended for an American readership, which, with a few exceptions, is unfamiliar with the ideas and the history of socialism. As such, it is necessary to provide, before getting into my main points, some clarifications about what socialism is and what it is not.

3. What socialism is not. Since the Second World War, socialism has defined a programmatic orthodoxy, one might say, in spite of itself. The familiar elements of this program include the welfare state, a large public sector, nationalizations and the socialization of property, corporatist negotiation among social partners, etc. But socialism cannot be reduced to this orthodox program, most of the elements of which are, in fact, of fairly recent provenance and not even of socialist origin. (M. Canto-Sperber's input.) The welfare state, as it exists in Britain and Germany, for instance, is the brainchild of liberal thinkers rather than socialists; in Italy and France, it was established largely by Catholic republicans. Moreover, historically, until the early 20th century socialism was extremely suspicious of giving economic powers to the state, viewed still as an agent of class domination.

Second, socialism is not Marxism. Marxism is one philosophy of the socialist movement — it was not the first and is not the last. Moreover, even at the time of its greatest dominance within socialism, at the end of the 19th century, the Marxist orthodoxy was contested within the movement itself, by socialists of Proudhonian, liberal, and Kantian inspiration, as well as those closest to the syndical movement itself. Today, Marxism is clearly a surpassed philosophy of socialism, one that I myself do not subscribe to, and one which must be replaced by a clear new ethical and social inspiration.

4. If it cannot be reduced to a party program or to Marxist philosophy, then, what is socialism? Above all, and since its historical origin at the beginning of the 19th century, a few constant points of reference can be identified. Socialism, in the broadest sense, is "a philosophy of man and of the social world" (M. Canto-Sperber). It emphasizes the strict links between the individual and society, both in terms of his psychological and moral formation and in terms of his autonomy. Socialism emphasizes the importance of the conjoined emancipation of the individual and society. Or, thought of another way, if we consider the individual as the means for the emancipation of society (the end), than socialism is a philosophy that considers the means and the end to be radically inseparable — to emancipate society means to achieve the sum total of individual emancipations; to emancipate individuals is a step towards freeing society at large. (It follows that it is just as correct to say that society is the means for the emancipation of the individual [the end].)

5. Socialism is also a doctrine of organization: it considers society as a body to be organized for the attainment of an end (the end I have just mentioned). Undoubtedly, suspicious will be raised as soon as the word "organization" is used: is not organization the annihilation of liberty? Socialism rebuts this charge in two ways. First, it recognizes that in any society there exist irreducible conflicts of interest and belief, and that "organization" need mean nothing more than the articulation of procedures ("rules of the game") by which conflict can be kept within tolerable limits, and consensus (even if only provisional) eventually arrived at.

Second, it distinguishes two ways in which "organization" can be understood. The first is organization as "a forced march towards the goal" (M. Canto-Sperber), the organization of all society within a rigid and artificial framework incarnated by the state. This form of organization, incarnated in history by the Soviet Union and its satellite "people's democracies," is to be decisively rejected. But organization can also be understood as "self-conscious reflexivity," or what I prefer to call organization around: an organization in which social institutions, such as the state, constitute a regulatory system — a sort of equilibrium, a reference point for social goals and a guarantor of citizens' participation in civil society and economic life.

6. All of this, the reader may think, might be historically and theoretically interesting but irrelevant: socialism in its authoritarian and statist form has collapsed, and the democratic socialism that still exists (in Western Europe, at least) is in steady decline. Moreover, socialism is thoroughly foreign to the American tradition and has nothing to teach us.