User:Ocaasi/chiro3

For

 * Spine: 1 October 2007 - Volume 32 - Issue 21 - pp 2375-2378 http://chiropractorvancouver.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/chiropractic-safety.pdf
 * "Data were obtained from 28,807 treatment consultations and 50,276 cervical spine manipulations. There were no reports of serious adverse events. This translates to an estimated risk of a serious adverse event of, at worse ≈1 per 10,000 treatment consultations immediately after cervical spine manipulation, ≈2 per 10,000 treatment consultations up to 7 days after treatment and ≈6 per 100,000 cervical spine manipulations. Minor side effects with a possible neurologic involvement were more common."
 * "Although minor side effects following cervical spine manipulation were relatively common, the risk of a serious adverse event, immediately or up to 7 days after treatment, was low to very low."


 * The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. February 2001, 7(1): 65-78 http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089%2F107555301300004547
 * "Ernst et al.'s publication on chiropractic include repeated misuse of references, misleading statements, highly selective use of certain published papers, failure to refer to relevant literature, inaccurate reporting of the contents of published work, and errors in citation. Meticulous analysis of some influential negative reviews has been carried out to determine the objectivity of the data reported. The misrepresentation that became evident deserves full debate and raises serious questions about the integrity of the peer-review process and the nature of academic misconduct."


 * Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S176-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204390
 * "The increased risks of VBA stroke associated with chiropractic and PCP visits is likely due to patients with headache and neck pain from VBA dissection seeking care before their stroke. We found no evidence of excess risk of VBA stroke associated chiropractic care compared to primary care."


 * J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005 Jan;28(1):57-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726036
 * "CONCLUSIONS: Perceived causation of reported cases of cervical artery dissection is more frequently attributed to chiropractic manipulative therapy procedures than to motor vehicle collision related injuries, even though the comparative biomechanical evidence makes such causation unlikely. The direct evidence suggests that the healthy vertebral artery is not at risk from properly performed chiropractic manipulative procedures."


 * Spine: 15 May 2009 - Volume 34 - Issue 11 - pp E405-E413 http://journals.lww.com/spinejournal/Abstract/2009/05150/Safety_of_Chiropractic_Interventions__A_Systematic.26.aspx
 * "There is no robust data concerning the incidence or prevalence of adverse reactions after chiropractic. Further investigations are urgently needed to assess definite conclusions regarding this issue."

Against

 * J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996 Jul-Aug;19(6):371-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8864967
 * "MAIN RESULTS: Five cases of CVA were identified; one resulted in death and the others in permanent neurological sequelae of varying severity. One case of CVA appeared for every estimated 1.3 million cervical treatment sessions and 1 for every 0.9 million upper cervical treatment sessions. Rotation techniques were over-represented in relation to their estimated frequency of use. CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of CVA after chiropractic SMT was confirmed to be low, there seems to be sufficient evidence to justify a firm policy statement cautioning against upper cervical rotation as a technique of first choice."


 * Phys Ther. 1999 Jan;79(1):50-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9920191
 * One hundred seventy-seven published cases of injury reported in 116 articles were reviewed. The cases were published between 1925 and 1997. The most frequently reported injuries involved arterial dissection or spasm, and lesions of the brain stem. Death occurred in 32 (18%) of the cases. Physical therapists were involved in less than 2% of the cases, and no deaths have been attributed to MCS provided by physical therapists. Although the risk of injury associated with MCS appears to be small, this type of therapy has the potential to expose patients to vertebral artery damage that can be avoided with the use of mobilization (nonthrust passive movements). The literature does not demonstrate that the benefits of MCS outweigh the risks. Several recommendations for future studies and for the practice of MCS are discussed.

Ernst:
 * http://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/full/10.1586/14737175.7.11.1451
 * https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1281/3249/
 * http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924%2807%2900783-X/abstract
 * http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900%2803%2900735-1/abstract
 * http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924%2807%2900783-X/abstract
 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPG-4WBT42S-3&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1568587431&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1ab222d66fe20aa71639fbb0adc7bc68&searchtype=a
 * http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2010.01045_17.x/full
 * http://www.springerlink.com/content/w1605x5h2t116761/
 * http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1420782/
 * http://ht.rsmjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/14/4/89
 * http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1905885/
 * http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02352.x/full
 * http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02568.x/abstract

More research

 * Neurologist. 2008 Jan;14(1):66-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195663
 * "CONCLUSIONS: Weak to moderately strong evidence exists to support causation between CMT and VAD and associated stroke. Ultimately, the acceptable level of risk associated with a therapeutic intervention like CMT must be balanced against evidence of therapeutic efficacy. Further research, employing prospective cohort study designs, is indicated to uncover both the benefits and the harms associated with CMT."


 * Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 May 15;34(11):E405-13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444054
 * "The search identified 46 articles that included data concerning adverse events: 1 randomized controlled trial, 2 case-control studies, 7 prospective studies, 12 surveys, 3 retrospective studies, and 115 case reports. Most of the adverse events reported were benign and transitory, however, there are reports of complications that were life threatening, such as arterial dissection, myelopathy, vertebral disc extrusion, and epidural hematoma. The frequency of adverse events varied between 33% and 60.9%, and the frequency of serious adverse events varied between 5 strokes/100,000 manipulations to 1.46 serious adverse events/10,000,000 manipulations and 2.68 deaths/10,000,000 manipulations. CONCLUSION: There is no robust data concerning the incidence or prevalence of adverse reactions after chiropractic. Further investigations are urgently needed to assess definite conclusions regarding this issue."


 * JMTP Volume 32, Issue 8, Pages 639-647 (October 2009) http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754%2809%2900204-8/abstract
 * "A broad-based panel of experienced chiropractors was able to reach a high level (80%) of consensus regarding specific aspects of the chiropractic approach to clinical evaluation, management, and manual treatment for pediatric patients, based on both scientific evidence and clinical experience."


 * JMTP Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 94-103 (February 2008) http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754%2807%2900339-9/abstract
 * "Of the 60 independent variables examined, only 4 were found to be predictive of adverse events after chiropractic treatment for neck pain, one of which was found to be protective. The chiropractic practitioner can identify 3 of these variables before initiating treatment."


 * CN&N Volume 109, Issue 10, Pages 922-925 (December 2007) http://www.clineu-journal.com/article/S0303-8467%2807%2900229-6/abstract
 * "In all three cases there were criteria to consider a causality relation between the neurological adverse events and the chiropractic manipulation. The described serious adverse events promptly recommend the implementation of a risk alert system."

Intro Overviews

 * http://chiropractorvancouver.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/chiropractic-safety.pdf (mainstream)
 * http://www.cleveland.edu/state-art/ (chiropractic)

Spinal manipulation research
Do whatever you want with this. Just delete it if you're not interested, or copy the contents. Whatever. -- Brangifer (talk) 07:21, 22 December 2010 (UTC)