User:Oceanflynn/sandbox/bibliography caribou

Selected bibliography on publications related to caribou (North America)

This list is being constantly updated as articles are added throughout the web related to caribou (North America). Attempts will be made to add some annotations. This list was begun on September 6, 2014.

Background
On December 17, 2013, I began to contribute to Migratory woodland caribou with this sentence:

"In their Annual Report 2006-2007, the Office of the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario argued that, "Woodland caribou represent the "hard-to-perceive, slow-motion crisis"  that faces many species at risk.""

On December 20, 2013, I created the page Boreal woodland caribou from migratory woodland caribou Wikichecker Oceanflynn (62).

On January 1, 2014 I began to contribute to on the article Reindeer

In July 2014 there was an active discussion on the talk page about merging Caribou (North America) with reindeer

On September 6, 2014, I created this list of caribou-related bibliographic references I had cited in Wikipedia articles. I also created a user page to monitor edits to reindeer the reindeer article as there was a September 6, 2014 proposal to merge the two articles caribou North America with reindeer. I voted against the merge but continued to contribute to both articles. Th sandbox page was designed to monitor these changes as a protection against any suggestion of conflict of interest. It will also serve to record mass deletions and reversions such as those that took place on the reindeer article in early September 2014.

I continued to add a lot of fully referenced content to a number of caribou-related articles, based on many journal articles and months of work, including reindeer and to the article I had created Caribou (North America) (now deleted), Boreal woodland caribou,

On September 16, 2015 AlbinoFerret announced the end of the discussion with a majority calling for merging caribou to reindeer. "There is consensus to merge the articles. The discussion was good and the arguments on both side stayed on topic. There is also strong support for merging caribou to reindeer."

On October 20, 2017 User Wasechun tashunka merged the Caribou (North America) with Reindeer and deleted -147,776 bytes.

On September 14, 2017 HG created this archived link to the archived Caribou article just prior to merging "This is an old revision of this page, as edited by I dream of horses (talk | contribs) at 10:21, September 14, 2017  (HG) (3.2.0)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision."

2019 to do list
Add:
 * "[S]ince the mid-1990s, the Bathurst herd has declined by approximately 90%, leading to severe harvest restrictions.

My contributions to the article reindeer
In North America, the species Rangifer tarandus (locally known in North America as caribou, was subdivided into five subspecies by Alexander William Francis Banfield, who worked with both the Canadian Wildlife Service and the National Museum of Canada, in his often-cited 1961 classification, was subdivided into five subspecies of Rangifer tarandus: 1) the largely migratory barren-ground caribou subspecies Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus,which are found mainly in the Canadian territories of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, along with western Greenland; 2) the subspecies Rangifer tarandus caribou which is divided into ecotypes: boreal woodland caribou, (also known as forest-dwelling, woodland caribou (boreal), mountain woodland caribou and migratory woodland caribou) —the migratory George River Caribou Herd, for example in the Ungava region of Quebec; 3) Rangifer tarandus pearyi (Peary caribou), the smallest of the species, known as Tuktu in Inuktitut, found in the northern islands ofNunavut and the Northwest Territories; 4) Rangifer tarandus granti subspecies Grant’s caribou, which are mainly migratory and live in Alaska and the northern Yukon and 5) the R. t. dawsoni subspecies, †Queen Charlotte Islands caribou from the Queen Charlotte Islands {extinct since 1910)and Caribou are classified by ecotype depending on several behavioural factors - predominant habitat use (northern, tundra, mountain, forest, boreal forest, forest-dwelling), spacing (dispersed or aggregated) and migration (sedentary or migratory). For example, the subspecies Rangifer tarandus caribou is further distinguished by a number of ecotypes, including boreal woodland caribou, mountain woodland caribou and migratory woodland caribou) —the migratory George River Caribou Herd, for example in the Ungava region of Quebec.

The Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus subspecies, in Norway referred to as the Svalbard reindeer which seems to have evolved from large European reindeer. Svalbard reindeer has peculiarities in its metabolism. The skeleton shows a remarkable relative shortening of the legs, thus parallelling many extinct insular deer species.

A 1961 classification divided reindeer into two major groups, the tundra reindeer (with six subspecies) and the woodland reindeer (with three subspecies). Some of the tundra's subspecies are small-bodied, high-Arctic island forms. These island subspecies are probably not closely related, since the Peary caribou and the extinct Arctic reindeer are closely related and probably evolved in high-Arctic North America, not from the large European reindeer as is Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus.

Subspecies and Ecotypes
Some of the species Rangifer tarandus and subspecies - R. t. buskensis, R. t. caboti, R.t. caribou, ''†R. t. dawsoni (extinct), R.t. eogroenlandicus, R. t. fennicus, R. t. granti, R. t. groenlandicus, R. t. l, R. t. pearsoni, R. t. platyrhynchus, R. t. phylarchus, R. t. pearsoni, R. t. pearyi, R. t. sibiricus, R. t. tarandus, R. t. terraenovae'' may be further divided by ecotype depending on several behavioural factors - predominant habitat use (northern, tundra, mountain, forest, boreal forest, forest-dwelling, woodland, woodland (mountain), woodland (boreal), woodland (migratory)), spacing (dispersed or aggregated) and migration (sedentary or migratory). In North America, because of its vast range in a wide diversity of ecosystems, the subspecies Rangifer tarandus caribou is further distinguished by a number of ecotypes, including boreal woodland caribou, mountain woodland caribou and migratory woodland caribou). Populations or herds may not fit into narrow ecotypes. For example, Banfield's 1961 classification of the migratory George River Caribou Herd, in the Ungava region of Quebec, as subspecies Rangifer tarandus caribou, woodland caribou, remains although other woodland caribou are mainly sedentary.

I added the citation here:

Some populations of the North American caribou, for example, many herds in the subspecies, the barren-ground caribou, and some woodland caribou in Ungava and Labrador, migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, travelling up to 5000 km a year, and covering 1000000 km2. Other North American populations, the woodland caribou (boreal) for example, are largely sedentary. In Europe populations have a shorter migration. Island herds such as the subspecies R. t. pearsoni and R. t. platyrhynchus make local movements.(Citation needed|date=May 2012)

and this

In 1986 Kurtén reported that the oldest reindeer fossil was an "antler of tundra reindeer type from the sands of Süssenborn" in the Pleistocene

(Günz) period (680,000 to 620,000 BP). By the 4-Würm period (110-70,000 to 12-10,000) its European range was very extensive. Reindeer occurred in

In 1986 Kurtén reported that the oldest reindeer fossil was an "antler of tundra reindeer type from the sands of Sussenbor" in the Pleistocene "...Spain, Italy and southern Russia. Reindeer [was] particularly abundant in the Magdalenian deposits from the late part of the 4-Wurm just before the end of the Ice Age: at that time and at the early Mesolithic it was the game animal for many tribes. The supply began to get low during the Mesolithic, when reindeers retired to the north."

- Kurtén 1968:170

"In spite of the great variation, all the Pleistocene and living reindeer belong to the same species."

Günz period (680,000 to 620,000 BP). By the 4-Würm period (110-70,000 to 12-10,000) its European range was very extensive. It was found in  Humans started hunting reindeer in the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, and humans are today the main predator in many areas. Norway and Greenland have unbroken traditions of hunting wild reindeer from the ice age until the present day. In the non-forested mountains of centralNorway, such as Jotunheimen, it is still possible to find remains of stone-built trapping pits, guiding fences, and bow rests, built especially for hunting reindeer. These can, with some certainty, be dated to the Migration Period, although it is not unlikely that they have been in use since the Stone Age.Citation needed|date=May 2012

subdivided into ecotypes woodland (boreal), woodland (migratory), woodland (montane), 2.Rangifer tarandus Dawsoni extinct 1907, 3. Rangifer tarandus granti, 5.Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus and Rangifer tarandus pearyi,

More recent contributions include: In October 2017, U. S. Secretary of the Interior, Ryan Zinke, announced that as of December 6, 2017, lands under the administration of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management will be up for bid on the "largest offering of public lands for lease in the history of the [BLM] — 10.3 million acres". The Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska is situated between the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to the east. Industry will be allowed to run "roads, pipelines and drill rigs" in the very sensitive habitat areas, including the the Teshekpuk caribou herd calving grounds. The Teshekpuk herd remains at the calving grounds for several weeks in spring before moving Teshekpuk Lake for relief from mosquitoes and botflies before their annual migration.

Teshekpuk Lake and Central Arctic herds
...By 2017, the Teshekpuk herd numbers, whose calving grounds are in the region of the shallow Teshekpuk Lake, had declined to 41,000 animals. Teshekpuk Lake in the North Slope is in the traditional lands of the Iñupiat who depended on the Teshekpuk herd. Teshekpuk Lake is also in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, where the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) had approved oil and gas drilling in January 11, 2006 in the Lake Teshekpuk region. On September 25, 2006, the U.S. District Court for the District of Alaska protected the wildlife habitat around the lake from an oil and gas lease sale. In the summer of 2006 300,000 comments were sent by the Iñupiat and others to the US Secretary of the Interior and ConocoPhillips CEO to protest the decision. On September 25, 2006, the U.S. District Court for the District of Alaska issued a decision that removed the wildlife habitat around Teshekpuk Lake from an oil and gas lease sale. In October 2017, U. S. Secretary of the Interior, Ryan Zinke, announced that as of December 6, 2017, lands under the administration of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management will be up for bid on the "largest offering of public lands for lease in the history of the [BLM] — 10.3 million acres". The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A) is the "single largest parcel of public land in the United States" covering about 23 million acres". The reserve’s eastern border sits about 100 miles to the west of the more famous Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

Related subpages

 * Articles related to caribou
 * Monitoring edits to reindeer

A

 * keywords: Gwich'in, Porcupine caribou herd., R.t. granti, In Caribou (North America), potential links Venetie, Alaska, Venetia is located at 67.05556°N, -146.41611°W (67.055639, -146.416052).
 * In Caribou (North America)


 * evolution, taxonomy, In Caribou (North America)
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 * In Caribou (North America)
 * Porcupine caribou: "The peak population in 1989 of 178,000 animals was followed by a decline by 2001 to 123,000. However by 2010, there was a recovery and an increasing to 169,000 animals."
 * In Caribou (North America)
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 * 1980s:700,000-800,000; 2010: 74,000 caribou migrating between northern Quebec and Labrador; 2012:27,600: 2014:14,200. There were 500,000 in the lifetime of Tony Chubbs, wildlife biologist and president of the Labrador Hunting and Fishing Association. Laval University biologist Steve Côté​


 * In Caribou (North America)
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 * In Caribou (North America), in Porcupine caribou: is a subspecies of the caribou found inAlaska and adjacent parts of Canada. It resembles the subspecies, Barren-ground Caribou (R. t. groenlandicus), and is sometimes included in it." Often-cited article
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 * In Caribou (North America) This includes a reference to the Gwich’in creation story of how Gwich’in people and the caribou separated from a single entity.
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 * in Unity in diversity, Gwich’in, Caribou (North America). ""The GTC is a signatory to the Porcupine Caribou Harvest Management Plan (HMP) and the Implementation Plan for the Porcupine Caribou Herd in Canada." page 25 and is involved in the "Cape Bathurst and Bluenose Carribou Management Plan" that identifies "a process for the use and management of the herd to ensure that the herd continues to increase in population for the future." The GTC is also involved in the Porcupine Caribou Harvest Management Plan's "Caribou and the Dempster Highway Elders Campaign" through which the Council have brought Gwich’in Elders to help monitor harvesting along the Dempster Highway since 2006 during peak caribou migration seasons from August to October following a request from the Tetlit Gwich’in Renewable Resource Council."


 * CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (CARMA), an international network researches on the status of the world's wild Rangifer (reindeer and caribou) populations, including effects of global changes, (climate change, industrial development). Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) is the biodiversity working group of the Arctic Council.
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 * In Caribou (North America)
 * caribou, also add to countercurrent heat exchange
 * In Caribou (North America)
 * Cited in Vors' Phd (2013), Caribou


 * In Caribou (North America)


 * In Caribou (North America), Porcupine caribou: Unlike many other Rangifer tarandus subspecies and their ecotypes, the Porcupine herd is stable at relatively high numbers, but the 2013 photo-census was not counted by January 2014. The peak population in 1989 of 178,000 animals was followed by a decline by 2001 to 123,000. However by 2010, there was a recovery and an increasing to 169,000 animals.
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 * In Caribou (North America) This report is rich in data regarding migratory herds in the entire circumpolar region, providing current data (up to 2013) on dozens of herds globally. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the United States Department of Commerce, publishes an annual Arctic report card. Don Russell, is one of the founding members and current coordinator of CARMA. His post-graduate career spans over 4 decades included research on the Porcupine herd, and on oil activities around Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. He worked for the Government of Yukon the Canadian Wildlife Service.


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 * In Caribou (North America)
 * Schaefer, J.A. 2003. Long-term range recession and the persistence of caribou in the taiga. Conservation Biology 17(5): 1435-1439.
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 * In Caribou (North America)In Caribou (North America)Thomas suggested that "if population surveys cannot be expected to produce accurate and precise results, funding is better directed to collecting information on demographic indices, such as pregnancy rates and calf survival, as well as ecological studies to identify habitat requirements (Culling and Culling 2006:44)."
 * "Thomas and Graynote that caribou populations are prone to wide fluctuations in numbers and suggest a 20-year span (3 generations) should be adopted as the standard for assessing trends (Culling and Culling 2006:46)."


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 * Caribou Useful resource. Recent, excellent summaries. Very strong bibliographic references. Captures main categories, subsections.
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 * In Caribou (North America), boreal woodland caribou?,


 * In Caribou (North America)