User:Oceanflynn/sandbox/bibliography homelessness

Annotated Bibliography on Homelessness in Canada

This sandbox page, a work on progress, was created 14 February 2014 to collect shareable resources on the topic of homelessness in Canada.Oceanflynn (talk) 16:35, 21 September 2014 (UTC)

Affordable housing in Canada

2014
National Forum on Housing and the Economy Shared Statement of Principles Federation of Canadian Municipalities
 * Homeowners 67%
 * Renters 33%
 * Renters in private rental 28%
 * Renters with subsidized rents 5%
 * percentage of Canadians who pay more than 30% of their income on housing, which is beyond the accepted standard for affordability 25%
 * "Over 200,000 Canadians experience homelessness every year at an estimated annual cost of as much as $7 billion to the Canadian economy."FCM

Affordable housing

 * Affordable housing

Concepts

 * Core housing needs [Core Housing Need

Ontario

 * Governance*Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing**Housing Affordable Housing programs, rental housing, and resources for social housing service managers ***Affordable Housing
 * Non-governmental*Social Housing Services Corporation*The Advocacy Centre for Tenants Ontario (ACTO)
 * Private

Federal

 * Minister of Employment and Social Development (Canada)


 * Government*Homelessness Partnering Strategy (HPS)


 * Housing First

NGO

 * Canadian Institute of Planners/American Planning Association

Municipal

 * Federation of Canadian Municipalities;National Forum on Housing and the Economy **Set of shared principles

Government

 * CMHC

Conferences

 * SCARP Affordable Housing Symposium


 * 20 October 2009

Timeline of events related to homelessness in Canada

 * 1948 Canada helped to draft the 1948 UN Declaration of Human Rights that includes a right to access housing in Article 25.


 * 1976 Canada ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in 1976, which recognizes an adequate standard of living, including housing, in Article 11.


 * 1980s The stock of Canada's affordable housing and social housing began to erode in the 1980s.


 * 1982 In 1982, all levels of government funded (annually) 20,450 new social housing units according to the 2008 Annual Housing Report by Michael Shapcott of Wellesley Institute.


 * 1996


 * 1990


 * 1996 "Combining affordable housing with appropriate services including help in finding work has consistently succeeded in helping people get off the streets and rebuild their lives (Daly 1996: 150)."


 * 1996

"“Responsibility for social housing has been devoluted from the federal government to the provincial and territorial governments, who in turn shift administration and management to regional and municipal agencies. And while the proportion of needy families is increasing, the deficit-minded Federal government only maintains its financial commitments to existing projects with no new funds presently available. Market solutions are being promoted by both the public and private sectors through a wide range of activities. The result is no single housing policy, but a patchwork of provincial and local initiatives. . . However, it is only in Canada that the national government has, except for CMHC loans, withdrawn from the social housing field. The rush to get out of the responsibility for managing existing projects and building new, low-income housing has taken advocates by surprise. It was never imagined that a system that had taken 50 years to build-up could be dismantled so rapidly. Social housing policy in Canada now consists of a checker-board of 12 provincial and territorial policies, and innumerable local policies. It is truly post-modern."
 * 1998 Wolfe summarized Canada's social housing history.

- Jeanne Wolfe 1998

"Mortality rates among men who use homeless shelters in Toronto, while higher than in the general population of Toronto, are much lower than mortality rates observed among men using homeless shelters in 3 major US cities. Further study is needed to identify the reasons for this disparity. Homeless persons suffer from a high prevalence of physical disease, mental illness, and substance abuse. Homelessness is associated with exposure to the elements and an increased risk of infections such as tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Among the homeless, access to health care is often suboptimal. Homeless persons also experience severe poverty and often come from disadvantaged minority communities, factors that are independently associated with poor health. The finding that mortality among homeless persons is much higher than among their counterparts in the general population is therefore not surprising."
 * 2000 In a Journal of American Medical Association article reported that the mortality rate for homeless people in Canada may be 20 per cent to 50 per cent lower than in the United States.

- Hwang 2000


 * 2000 "More people are now living below the poverty line in Canada that at any previous time in our history, even as our society as a whole becomes more afluent. At the same time, the middle class is reclaiming the inner cities, replacing old affordable housing for the poor with upscale real estate. And mentally ill Canadians, traditionally cared for in institutions, have been moved en masse into local communities which have neither planned for the influx nor allocated the resources for dealing with the strain it has put on special housing. The convergence of these economic, social and health care trends has left thousands homeless. Barbara Murphys On the Street examines the circumstances that have led to this situation and explores possible remedies. Her cogent arguments and lucid style make this a must–read for any Canadian who cares about the kind of society we are creating Indigo." Review


 * 2001 Homelessness: Cause and effects was published in five volumes, including an extensive literature review on homelessness, investigating "relationships between homelessness and the health, social services and criminal justice systems, including the experience of specific sub-groups of homeless people such as families, youth and Aboriginal people." They examined resources that were available and financial impact of homelessness on the health, social services and criminal justice systems.


 * 2002 Internal displacement was the term used in Canada before homeless or homelessness.


 * 2002 BC Welfare introduced changes which included cutting benefit rates for single parents, for people between the ages of 55 and 64 and to the shelter allowances of families with three or more people. Income earned was clawed-back dollar for dollar. Employable single parents were expected to work when their youngest child turned three not seven years of age. New rules made it harder to get welfare benefits.
 * 2003 TD Economics published Affordable Housing in Canada.

"Canada is still unable to afford acceptable shelter – a strikingly high number, especially in view of the country’s ranking well atop the United Nations human-development survey. in view of the country’s ranking well atop the United Nations human-development survey. What’s more, the lack of affordable housing is a problem confronting communities right across the nation- from large urban centres to smaller, less-populated areas. As such, it is steadily gaining recognition as one of Canada's most pressing public-policy issues."

- TD Economics, Affordable Housing in Canada, 2003


 * 2005 An international think-tank published an article investigating the reduction of "health disparities and promoting equity for vulnerable populations.


 * 2006


 * 2006 "Although the magnitude of homelessness in Canada remains poorly documented, there is broad consensus that the problem has grown in size and complexity in recent years. According to the Toronto Report Card on Housing and Homelessness 2003 (City of Toronto, 2003), about 32, 000 individuals - an increase of 21% since 1990 - stayed in emergency shelters across the city in 2002. When all those who sleep in indoor or outdoor public places or stay temporarily with friends or relatives are also taken into account, the true population of homeless people in the city must be considerably greater. Further, the "face" of homelessness is changing, with youth representing one of the fastest growing and most vulnerable subgroups (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2001; Golden, et al., 1999; Roy, Haley, Ledere, Cedras, Biais, & Boivin, 2003).Communities across Canada are currently struggling to establish and sustain effective responses in the face of growing numbers of homeless people in their midst. At the core of community responses are a myriad of services to help homeless people meet their basic subsistence needs for shelter, food, personal hygiene, and primary health care. At the same time, there has been increased emphasis on policing strategies to curtail panhandling, squeegeeing, and other activities of homeless youth."


 * 2006 According to Michael Shapcott of the Wellesley Institute.


 * 2007 Publication of Gordon Laird's comprehensive report entitled "Shelter-Homelessness in a growth economy: Canada's 21st century paradox" commissioned by the Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership.


 * 2007


 * 2007


 * 2007 according to Michael Shapcott of the Wellesley Institute.


 * 2008 As income inequality continued to intensify, was an urgent need for a national housing strategy by Michael Shapcott of the Wellesley Institute.


 * 2008


 * 2008


 * 2008


 * 2008 [The Tyee, 2008]


 * 2008


 * 2008 The Canadian Mental Health Association's (CMHA) Housing First program for homeless people with mental illness, offered high quality

housing apartment or townhouse units through the Condominium Program in Ottawa, Ontario. The program combined "rent supplements and condominiums owned by the CMHA with outreach and Case Management to support them.


 * 2008 According to the annual publication, the Alliance to End Homelessness Ottawa (ATEH) a provincially incorporated non-profit organization, reported that there was an 6.4% increase in the number of children using emergency shelter in 2007.


 * 2009


 * 2009 J. David Hulchanski published Finding Home: Policy Options for Addressing Homelessness in Canada.He also presented the key address "Growing Home: Housing and Homelessness in Canada" at the University of Calgary. In recent years homelessness has become a major political issue in Canada.


 * 2009


 * 2010 By 2010 the stock of Canada's affordable housing and social housing had eroded according to Stephen Gaetz of the Faculty of Education, York University.


 * 2011


 * 2012


 * 2012


 * 2013



Ottawa
In 2005 the Alliance to End Homelessness Ottawa (ATEH), a provincially incorporated non-profit organization began publishing an annual "summary of progress in reducing – and ending – homelessness" in Ottawa In 2013 they published their 10th annual Report Card. In 2007 the ATEH reported that there was an 6.4% increase in the number of children using emergency shelter.

Wiki Links
affective disorders


 * Canadian Homelessness Research Network (CHRN)
 * Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation


 * their social policies


 * Diane Finley


 * freight hopping


 * Stephen Gaetz
 * Peter Goldring


 * Gregory Henriquez
 * asylums
 * Housing First should be linked to this article
 * Housing First in Canada should be created and linked?


 * low-income homes


 * Le Bon Dieu Dans La Rue (Dans La Rue) Could this be mentioned in the main content of this page instead of See also?


 * mentally ill


 * Old Brewery Mission Could this be mentioned in the main content of this page instead of See also?


 * OECD This article should be linked OECD documents on homelessness in Canada cited.

poverty


 * Seaton House Could this be mentioned in the main content of this page instead of See also?
 * skid row
 * Social Services
 * substance abuse

TTC subway


 * Union Gospel Mission Could this be mentioned in the main content of this page instead of See also?


 * Wellesley Institute Material on homelessness could be further developed in this article and other related articles interlinked?


 * York University

Who's Who

 * Diane Finley


 * Stephen Gaetz of the Faculty of Education, York University, Toronto, Canada. homeless hub which is currently blacklisted on Wikipedia.
 * Peter Goldring


 * John David Hulchanski, PhD, Cities Centre and Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, housing & community development, housing, neighbourhoods, homelessness, social policy, human rights (Should he have his own Wikipedia article?)


 * Michael Shapcott is the principal author of "The State of the Nation’s Housing 2009" and Director of Affordable Housing and Social Innovation at the Wellesley Institute, Toronto, Canada.

Institutions, Projects

 * Alberta Secretariat for Action on Homelessness


 * Plan for Alberta


 * Canadian Homelessness Research Network
 * Canadian Observatory on Homelessness (COH) was created in 2013 2b+ through a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council grant. The Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, housed at York University and led by Stephen Gaetz, professor and Associate Dean, Education has a team of 25 researchers as well as local, provincial and national advocacy groups and support networks. Yale Belanger, a researcher/professor in Native American Studies and the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Lethbridge 2b+ will be adding his expertise in that area. Belanger argued that "Aboriginal people are particularly at risk, as are low-income workers and, increasingly, families."


 * * The Homelessness Partnering Strategy (HPS) replaced the National Homeless Initiative (NHI) (Should the HPS have its own Wikipedia article?)


 * Housing First Should there be an article entitled Housing First in Canada given the importance (with the amount of funding and research placed on this by all levels of government? The Canadian context differs dramatically from the US context where most of the Housing First article is focused.


 * National Homeless Initiative (NHI), created in 1999, was the federal secretariat most directly responsible for homelessness matters until its closure in 2007. The NHI was created to fund transitional housing and a range of services for homeless people across the country.


 * The Supporting Community Partnerships Initiative (SCPI) which covered the costs of temporary shelters and services for the homeless, was a federal project funded by the National Homeless Initiative (NHI).


 * Wellesley Institute This article should be developed with more linking to other articles in both directions.

terminology

 * Affordable housing in Canada


 * Housing First


 * Internal displacement


 * "Stop Gap Shelters", the rapid erection of temporary villages assembled from the same type of modular units that mining companies provide for remote workers so-called by architect Gregory Henriquez, Vancouver.


 * An "Exiting Process" as suggested by Karabanow in 2009, provides a detailed flow chart of steps for an individual to "exit" homelessness. There are six individual steps in the process, each of which can interact and flow into the next.