User:Oikogeniakes15/Prisoner

First link in my article:

Rights:

For example, one study in 1997 that focused on 3,200 prisoners in Maryland, Minnesota, and Ohio, showed that prison education reduced the likelihood of re-incarceration by 29 percent.

(I replaced the "that simply attending school behind bars" to "prison education" and I linked it. Also, I believe that the word "simply" is not objective.)

Second, link my article into the other article:

Prison Education

Despite the benefits of prison education programmes, rates of education within prisons remain low in many countries, and attempts to increase funding for prison education have been opposed. Opponents argue that prison education is a waste of money and that prisoners are not deserving of the benefit.

(I linked the word that is in bold)

Second article link:

Psychological effects

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed to understand the mechanisms behind anxiety.

(I linked the bolded word and I took off the "and" added a "-" in my article )

Moreover, my revisions were done when you gave me feedback.

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Feelings of unease, worry, tension, and stress can be defined as anxiety. It is usually accompanied by a situation that causes these feelings for example, a big test or interview. Also, prisoners can experience such symptoms.   It can also be caused by anxiety disorders such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

(I added a sentence and I linked the word "prisoners" in the other article)

I also have added 5 citations. Please see below.

LEAD:

Prisoner

A prisoner (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison, or forcible restraint (handcuffs or shackles). The term usually applies to one serving a sentence in a prison.

Stockholm Syndrome

The psychological syndrome known as Stockholm syndrome describes a paradoxical phenomenon where, over time, hostages develop positive feelings towards their captors. The victim's ego develops a series of defense mechanisms to achieve survival and cope with stress in a traumatic situation.

Right

Both federal and state laws govern the rights of prisoners. Prisoners in the United States do not have full rights under the Constitution, however, they are protected by the Eighth Amendment which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. '''However, the mass incarcerations in the United States prisons raise concerns about the 8th Amendment being overridden by these conditions. '''

Psychological effects

Special Housing Units (SHU) syndrome

Some of the most extreme adverse effects suffered by prisoners appear to be caused by solitary confinement for long durations. When held in "Special Housing Units" (SHU), prisoners are subject to sensory deprivation and lack of social contact that can have a severe negative impact on their mental health. A psychopathological condition identified as "SHU syndrome" has been observed among such prisoners. Symptoms are characterized as problems with concentration and memory, distortions of perception, and hallucinations. Most convicts suffering from SHU syndrome exhibit extreme generalized anxiety and panic disorder, with some suffering amnesia. '''The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed to understand the mechanisms behind anxiety. State anxiety describes anxiety that takes place in a stressful situation while trait anxiety is the tendency of feeling anxious in many situations because of a set of beliefs that an individual has that threatens their well-being '''.

'''SHU syndrome is a term that was created by Psychiatrist Stuart Grassian to describe the six basic mechanisms that happen in a cognitive matter in prisoners that are in solitary confinements or supermax level cell prison. The six basic mechanisms that occur together are:'''

Stuart Grassian proposed that the symptoms are unique and are not found in any other situation .
 * Hyperresponsivity to External Stimuli
 * Perceptual Distortions
 * Illusions, and Hallucinations
 * Panic Attacks
 * Difficulties with Thinking
 * Concentration and Memory
 * Intrusive Obsessional Thoughts
 * Overt Paranoia

Long durations may lead to depression and changes in brain physiology. In the absence of a social context that is needed to validate perceptions of their environment, prisoners become highly malleable, abnormally sensitive, and exhibit increased vulnerability to the influence of those controlling their environment. Social connection and the support provided by social interaction are prerequisites to long-term social adjustment as a prisoner.

Prisoners exhibit the paradoxical effect of social withdrawal after long periods of solitary confinement. A shift takes place from a craving for greater social contact to a fear of it. They may grow lethargic and apathetic, and no longer be able to control their own conduct when released from solitary confinement. They can come to depend upon the prison structure to control and limit their conduct.

Long-term stays in solitary confinement can cause prisoners to develop clinical depression, and long-term impulse control disorder.Those with pre-existing mental illnesses are at a higher risk for developing psychiatric symptoms.  Some common behaviors are self-mutilation, suicidal tendencies, and psychosis.