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Pierwszego października, 2017, a mass shooting occurred at the Route 91 Harvest outdoor music festival on the Las Vegas Strip. During the closing performance by Jason Aldean at about 10:05 p.m. PDT, a gunman opened fire on the crowd from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel.

The shooter, whose motive remains unknown, was 64-year-old Stephen Paddock of Mesquite, Nevada. He fired into the crowd for about ten minutes and was later found dead in his hotel room with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. With 59 deaths (including the perpetrator) and 489 injuries, the massacre is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in U.S. history.

Background
Since 2014, the Route 91 Harvest country music festival has been held annually at Las Vegas Village, a 15 acre lot used for outdoor performances. The venue is 450 m from the Mandalay Bay hotel in Paradise, Nevada, on the opposite side of Las Vegas Boulevard.

Shooting


On October 1, 2017, singer Jason Aldean was giving the closing performance on the third and final day of the festival, which was attended by approximately 22,000 people.

During Aldean's performance, Paddock fired hundreds of rifle rounds into the festival audience from two windows that he had broken with a hammer in his hotel suite on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel. The attack began at about 10:05p.m. PDT. Many people in the crowd initially mistook the gunfire for fireworks. The gunfire continued, with some momentary pauses, over the course of ten minutes and ended by 10:15p.m.

Bullets also reportedly struck, but did not pierce, aviation fuel tanks at the nearby McCarran International Airport.

The firing at the crowd ended when a hotel security guard, Jesus Campos, arrived at Paddock's hotel room door. Campos was immediately wounded in the leg by one of 200 bullets Paddock fired through the locked door into the hallway. Campos radioed the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) that the gunman was in room 32135, then started evacuating people on the 32nd floor. At 10:17p.m., the first officers arrived on the 32nd floor of the hotel.

By 10:26p.m., a group of police reached the floor of the shooter and placed it in lockdown. Not hearing any gunfire, officers moved systematically down the hallway during the next five minutes, searching and clearing each room. By 11:20p.m., police breached the room with explosives. The perpetrator was found dead, having shot himself in the head before the police entered. At 11:27p.m., police announced over the radio that one suspect was down.

A large quantity of ammunition and 23 firearms were found, including AR-15, Kalashnikov, AR-10 and other .308 caliber rifles. Two of the rifles were mounted on bipods and were equipped with telescopic sights. The recovered rifles included several AR-15 variants: a Daniel Defense DDM4 and an FN Herstal FN 15. Audio recordings of the attack indicated the perpetrator used either fully automatic weapons or modified semi-automatic weapons with devices that can simulate fully automatic fire, such as a bump fire device or trigger activator. Bump fire stocks were found on twelve of the guns, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined the guns were legal. Numerous high-capacity magazines that were capable of holding up to 100 rounds apiece were also found.

Sheriff Joe Lombardo said Paddock had brought more than ten suitcases into his hotel suite over the course of his stay. Investigators also found hidden cameras placed inside and outside the hotel room, presumably so Paddock could monitor the arrival of others.

Casualties
Fifty-eight people (excluding the shooter) were killed as a result of the shootings, including three who died in the days immediately after the incident. An additional 489 people were injured. Many victims were sent to area hospitals, including the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada and Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center.

Foreign vacationers were among the casualties. Four Canadians were killed and at least six were injured.

Perpetrator
The gunman was identified as Stephen Craig Paddock (April 9, 1953 – October 1, 2017), born in Iowa. He lived in a retirement community in Mesquite, Nevada. Police found 23 firearms—22 rifles and one handgun—inside the hotel room he had occupied since September 28. The firearms, along with more guns found in his homes, had been bought in the states of Nevada, California, Texas and Utah. During subsequent investigations, ammonium nitrate, often used in improvised explosive devices, was found in the trunk of his car.

Police believe Paddock acted alone and have not yet determined his motive; they have not identified him as a terrorist. They said they had no investigative information or criminal history showing he was dangerous. His only recorded interaction with law enforcement was a minor traffic citation years before the shooting, which he settled in court.

The week before the massacre, Paddock wired US$100,000 to an account in the Philippines, the country where his live-in girlfriend had traveled. Police, relatives, and neighbors described him as a high-stakes gambler, and police said he had made casino transactions in the tens of thousands of dollars prior to the shooting, but did not specify whether these transactions were losses or wins. Court records show he married and divorced twice. He had no children. His younger brother and others who were in close contact with him described him as an ordinary man with no apparent religious or political affiliation.

In a statement on October 4, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said there was evidence, which he declined to discuss, that Paddock intended to escape the scene, and that he may have had assistance from an accomplice. He added that a week before the incident, Paddock booked an apartment at Las Vegas' Ogden Hotel overlooking another open-air concert, the Life Is Beautiful festival. He appears to have researched other outdoor concerts, including the Lollapalooza festival in Chicago the previous summer.

Paddock's father, Benjamin Paddock, was a bank robber who was placed on the FBI's most-wanted list in 1969 after he escaped from federal prison; he was taken off the list in 1977. The FBI wanted poster said he was "diagnosed as psychopathic" and had "reportedly suicidal tendencies". The children and their mother had no contact with him after the youngest of the children was born.

Aftermath and reactions
A large portion of Las Vegas Boulevard was shut down as police SWAT teams combed the venue and neighboring casinos, hotels, and businesses. McCarran International Airport was closed for several hours due to its close proximity to the festival site. Approximately 300 people entered the airport property as they fled from the shooting, prompting officials to shut down all four runways. Multiple flights were rerouted or canceled before airfield operations resumed at 12:40a.m. on October 2. At approximately 2:45p.m. PDT on October 2, a state of emergency was declared in Clark County.

Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval called the shooting "a tragic and heinous act of violence that has shaken the Nevada family". Jason Aldean, who was performing when the shooting started, posted his condolences on Instagram and noted all of those working with him at the show had survived the attack.

At a press conference, President Donald Trump described the shooter as "a very very sick individual", and "a demented man, [with a] lot of problems". He added "the police department has done such an incredible job, and we'll be talking about gun laws as time goes by". A White House official talking points memo, distributed to Trump allies, opposed tightening gun control since "new laws won't stop a mad man", but "will curtail the freedoms of law abiding citizens". On October 4, Trump went to Las Vegas. He visited a command center and the University Medical Center and gave a speech praising the actions of hospital personnel, police, paramedics, and the shooting victims themselves.

Stock prices of firearms manufacturers rose the day after the mass shooting, as has happened after similar incidents. Investors expect gun sales will increase over concerns that a such an event could lead to more stringent gun-control legislation as well as a rush of customers wishing to defend themselves against future attacks.

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed Paddock was their "soldier" who was inspired by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call to attack coalition countries. However, as of October 2 the FBI said "we have determined, to this point, no connection with an international terrorist group." ISIL provided no evidence for its claim, and terrorism experts noted that since losing control of Mosul, the pro-ISIL Amaq News Agency had on at least two previous occasions made false claims of responsibility for attacks with which ISIL had no connection.

In the U.S. Congress, the shooting prompted support for a bill that would ban bump stocks, either through regulation or legislation; the National Rifle Association (NRA), traditionally against gun control, came out in favor of bump stock regulations.

Hoaxes and misinformation
In the hours after the shooting, false information about the shooter's identity and motive went viral on social media. The fake news was circulated by political fringe websites and Internet forums such as 4chan. The right-wing website The Gateway Pundit misidentified the shooter, naming a different man and describing him as a registered Democrat. The 4chan thread on which this misinformation was based was briefly featured in the "Top Stories" section of a Google search for the man's name. The fake news website YourNewsWire spread false information about a second gunman shooting from the fourth floor of the hotel. Two of Facebook's top trending pages were items from Sputnik, a Russian government news agency that has been described by Foreign Policy magazine and the Center for European Policy Analysis as being a "Russian propaganda" outlet. These included one story that falsely claimed the FBI had linked the shooter to a terrorist group. The stories were later removed with an apology.

Google and Facebook were criticized for prominently displaying such false news stories in some of their search results. The two companies were said to have failed in their responsibility of keeping false stories from reaching the public. Facebook later said its algorithms were designed to detect and remove false stories, but failed to work adequately in this instance.