User:Oliviaheaney/Epilepsy in Children

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= Epilepsy in children =

=== From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Epilepsy is the most common childhood brain disorder in the United States. Nearly 3 million people have been diagnosed with this disease, while 450,000 of them are under the age of 17. Two thirds of the child population will overcome the side effects, including seizures, through treatment during adolescence. Seizures are defined as 'a transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to the abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain characterized by abrupt and involuntary skeletal muscles activity.' A doctor will most often diagnose a child with epilepsy, also known as seizure disorder, if the child has one or more seizures, if the doctor thinks they could have another one, and if their seizures aren't caused by another medical condition. Some forms of epilepsy end after childhood. Approximately 70% of children who have epilepsy during their childhood outgrow it. There are also some seizures, such as febrile seizures, that are one-time occurrences during childhood, and do not result in permanent epilepsy. Pediatric epilepsy may cause changes in the development of the brain. Edits:  The first sentence should be a definition of Epilepsy, and then go into the childhood brain disorder in the United States.   '''Add: A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.During a seizure, a person experiences abnormal behavior, symptoms, and sensations, sometimes including loss of consciousness. There are few symptoms between seizures. A seizure is a single occurrence, whereas epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures.  Needs To have treatments added.   add types of epilepsy There are four main types of epilepsy: focal, generalized, combination focal and generalized, and unknown. A doctor generally diagnoses someone with epilepsy if they have had two or more unprovoked seizures.  add Even when seizures are well controlled, epilepsy may present a host of other issues that can impact a child's development and ability to function normally. Cognitive impairments that affect language, memory, attention, and other abilities critical to normal development are common among people with epilepsy.  Take out The first sentence of the second paragraph    Websites used:    https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1615335?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov   https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/epilepsy/conditions.html   https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-epilepsy#summary   https://www.massgeneral.org/children/epilepsy/education/learning    Edited Paragraph:   Epilepsy is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.During a seizure, a person experiences abnormal behavior, symptoms, and sensations, sometimes including loss of consciousness. There are few symptoms between seizures.A seizure is a single occurrence, whereas epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures (Johns Hopkins Medicine).''' Epilepsy is the most common childhood brain disorder in the United States. Nearly 3 million people have been diagnosed with this disease, while 450,000 of them are under the age of 17. Two thirds of the child population will overcome the side effects, including seizures, through treatment during adolescence. Some treatments include surgery, medication and therapy, surgery however is only done if the child has drug resistant epilepsy (Rekha Dwivedi, Ph.D. et.al).  A doctor will most often diagnose a child with epilepsy, also known as seizure disorder, if the child has one or more seizures, if the doctor thinks they could have another one, and if their seizures aren't caused by another medical condition. Some forms of epilepsy end after childhood. '''There are four main types of epilepsy: focal, generalized, combination focal and generalized, and unknown. A doctor generally diagnoses someone with epilepsy if they have had two or more unprovoked seizures (Medical News Today).''' Approximately 70% of children who have epilepsy during their childhood outgrow it. There are also some seizures, such as febrile seizures, that are one-time occurrences during childhood, and do not result in permanent epilepsy. Pediatric epilepsy may cause changes in the development of the brain. Even when seizures are well controlled, epilepsy may present a host of other issues that can impact a child's development and ability to function normally. Cognitive impairments that affect language, memory, attention, and other abilities critical to normal development are common among people with epilepsy (Mass General). Diagnosis  In 2014 the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force proposed the operational (practical) clinical definition of epilepsy, intended as a disease of the brain defined by any of the following conditions:


 * 1) At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring >24 h apart.
 * 2) One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years.
 * 3) Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome.   It is important that as soon as someone is diagnosed with SE, they immediately get medical treatment that usually involves the use of medication. The diagnosis of Epilepsy and a Seizure disorder can eventually be considered resolved if the subject has not experienced a seizure in over 10 years and has also not been on anti-seizure medication for five years.   The most common causes of SE in children are fever and infections of the CNS, or Central Nervous System. Other causes can be genetic and metabolic disorders, abnormalities of the CNS, ingestion of toxic elements, and Hyponatremia.    Websites used:    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350098    Edits:   change: "It is important that as soon as someone is diagnosed with SE, they immediately get medical treatment that usually involves the use of medication. " to "It is important that as soon as someone is diagnosed with SE, they immediately get medical treatment which is primarily medication".   Add: The main test to diagnosis is an Electroencephalogram (EEG), this test is usually performed when the patient is sleep deprived. In this test, electrodes are attached to your scalp with a paste-like substance or cap. The electrodes record the electrical activity of your brain, the results are then read by a Doctor. Accurate diagnosis of your seizure type and where seizures begin is so important because it gives you the best chance for finding an effective treatment.    Edited paragraph:    Diagnosis   In 2014 the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force proposed the operational (practical) clinical definition of epilepsy, intended as a disease of the brain defined by any of the following conditions:


 * 1) At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring >24 h apart.
 * 2) One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years.
 * 3) Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome.   It is important that as soon as someone is diagnosed with SE, they immediately get medical treatment which is primarily medication.The main test to diagnosis is an Electroencephalogram (EEG), this test is usually performed when the patient is sleep deprived. In this test, electrodes are attached to your scalp with a paste-like substance or cap. The electrodes record the electrical activity of your brain, the results are then read by a Doctor. Accurate diagnosis of your seizure type and where seizures begin is so important because it gives you the best chance for finding an effective treatment (Mayo clinic). diagnosis of Epilepsy and a Seizure disorder can eventually be considered resolved if the subject has not experienced a seizure in over 10 years and has also not been on anti-seizure medication for five years.   The most common causes of SE in children are fever and infections of the CNS, or Central Nervous System. Other causes can be genetic and metabolic disorders, abnormalities of the CNS, ingestion of toxic elements, and Hyponatremia.    Education   Epilepsy can affect a child's education, thereby leading to trouble learning and lower grades. While many children are capable of functioning in a normal classroom environment, many end up in special education.   The child may be forced to miss a lot of school due to seizures. The seizures can impair a child's ability to memorize learning materials.[citation needed]

Tonic-clonic seizures can have a serious impact on education due to the memory loss they cause, and the time needed to recover following the seizure-causing there to be missed time in school.

Absence seizures can have a high negative impact on a child's education. As they are less obvious than tonic-clonic seizures, they can occur many times within a single day, thereby resulting in the child's ability to learn being impaired, and leading to low grades. Often, these educational deficits lead to the investigation of neurological conditions and result in the diagnosis of this seizure subtype. Children may appear to be 'zoning out' or day-dreaming during classes when in actuality they are experiencing uncontrolled absent seizures. Once treatment begins, these children often exhibit improved attention and their grades improve.[citation needed]  When seizures are controlled by medication, many anticonvulsants have side effects that include drowsiness, thereby also impacting a child's education.[citation needed]   The high school graduation rate[where?] has been reported at 64%, compared with an overall national average of 82%. Edits:  '''Change: "Epilepsy can affect a child's education, thereby leading to trouble learning and lower grades. While many children are capable of functioning in a normal classroom environment, many end up in special education." To "Epilepsy can affect the education of children, which can cause difficulty to learning resulting in lower grades. While many children are capable of functioning in a normal classroom environment, many end up in special education programs to ensure they are getting the educational support they need."   Change: "The child may be forced to miss a lot of school due to seizures". This sentence needs to be changed to "Children with epilepsy may be absent from school due to their diagnosis."   Delete: The seizures can impair a child's ability to memorize learning materials.   Add:   There are two main types of seizures Tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures.Before.... Tonic-clonic seizures can have a serious impact on education due to the memory loss they cause, and the time needed to recover following the seizure-causing there to be missed time in school.    Edited paragraph:    Education   Epilepsy can affect the education of children, which can cause difficulty to learning resulting in lower grades. While many children are capable of functioning in a normal classroom environment, many end up in special education programs to ensure they are getting the educational support they need. Children with epilepsy may be absent from school due to their diagnosis.  There are two main types of seizures Tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures.'''

Tonic-clonic seizures can have a serious impact on education due to the memory loss they cause, and the time needed to recover following the seizure-causing there to be missed time in school.

Absence seizures can have a high negative impact on a child's education. As they are less obvious than tonic-clonic seizures, they can occur many times within a single day, thereby resulting in the child's ability to learn being impaired, and leading to low grades. Often, these educational deficits lead to the investigation of neurological conditions and result in the diagnosis of this seizure subtype. Children may appear to be 'zoning out' or day-dreaming during classes when in actuality they are experiencing uncontrolled absent seizures. Once treatment begins, these children often exhibit improved attention and their grades improve.[citation needed]  When seizures are controlled by medication, many anticonvulsants have side effects that include drowsiness, thereby also impacting a child's education.[citation needed]   The high school graduation rate[where?] has been reported at 64%, compared with an overall national average of 82%. ===