User:Olymperabate/Henrik H Bull

Henrik H Bull
PRESENTATION

Henrik Bull was born in New York City in 1929. He is one of the founders of Bull Stockwell Allen / BSA Architects in San Francisco in 1967.

PERSONAL LIFE

Henrik Helkand Bull is the only child of Johan Bull (1893-1945) and Sonja Geelmuyden Bull (1898-1992). Johan Bull, a native of Norway, was an illustrator who was a regular contributor to the New Yorker magazine from its first year in 1925.

A cousin of Henrik Bull’s grandfather, also named Henrik Bull, designed several of Oslo’s landmark civic buildings at the end of the 19th century. This earlier Henrik Bull was nephew of the famed violinist Ole Bull, who started the ill fated utopian community of Oleawa in Pennsylvania in 1853.

CAREER

Henrik Bull started his studies at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in aeronautical engineering, and switched to architecture after the first year. At the time, William Wilson Wurster was the Dean of MIT. Henrik Bull studied with Ralph Rapson, Buckminster Fuller, Alvar Aalto, and graduated in 1952.

As first lieutenant in USAF, Henrik Bull was stationed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory and worked with Buckminster Fuller on developing the geodesic radar domes for the Distant Early Warning Line(DEW Line) system at the north slope of Alaska. These are now in general use all over the world. Having been exposed to the “Bay Area Style” of modern architecture through Dean William Wurster, Henrik Bull worked one summer in San Francisco with Mario Corbett. Corbett was one of the leader of this regionalist architecture movement along with Joseph Esherick, Gardner Dailey, Campbell & Wong and Warren Callister. In 1954, after graduation in architecture and completing military service, Henrik Bull returned to San Francisco to work with Mario Corbett.

On the basis of being commissioned to design several ski cabins, Henrik Bull opened his own architectural office in 1956. The early practice was mostly single family houses, but soon expanded to include condominiums and later hotels and institutional buildings.

Sunset Magazine played an important role in Henrik Bull’s career, publishing many articles on his houses, twice putting his projects on the cover of the magazine, giving him numerous design awards, and using him as a judge twice. In 1962, he was chosen to design the Sunset Magazine Discovery House: a “dream house” limited to 2,000 square feet considered to be the maximum affordable to the average Sunset reader. Henrik Bull designed the home as a series of four skylit pavilions built around an enclosed courtyard. It was the first home in the new town of El Dorado Hills east of Sacramento.

In the 1950’s and the 1960’s, Henrik Bull designed several prefabricated or kit cabins. He built the very first A-frame ski cabin in the United States with his friend John Flender in Stowe, Vermont in 1953. The essence of a good cabin, according to Bull, is that it should be simple and economical, but also fun, different and exciting.

In 1967, Henrik Bull, John Field, Sherwood Stockwell and Daniel Volkmann formed Bull Field Volkmann Stockwell. Their first large project together was the planning and architecture for Northstar at Tahoe, a new four season resort. The firm has continued under the following names: Bull Field Volkmann Stockwell ; Bull Volkmann Stockwell ; Bull Stockwell Allen ; Bull Stockwell Allen & Ripley ; and is now called Bull Stockwell Allen / BSA Architects.

IDEOLOGICAL POSITION

Henrik Bull directly relates his design philosophy to the « Bay Area Style » (also called « Bay Region School »). This movement is a continuation of an earlier period of architecture practiced by such people as Bernard Maybeck, Julia Morgan, Greene & Greene, Willis Polk and Ernest Coxhead who were influenced by the British Arts and Crafts Movement as well as the Japanese architecture.

Because Henrik Bull believes that modern architecture should be warm as well as really sensitive to the topography and climate, he has been classified both in the Northern California Modernism and the Bay Area Style. The question of an appropriate architecture for its location has always been Henrik Bull’s main concern. He feels that a building of quality does not unnecessarily disturb the site and should be comprehensible to everyone. Buildings should expose frankly their structures and be designed in relation to the climate, so that outdoor living spaces are a continuation of the interior. According to Henrik Bull, the timeless value of architecture should be achieved in choosing natural materials appropriate to the site, crafting them well and being conscious of the effect of time and weather so the building can become richer with time. Creating lasting architecture is also achieved by placing priority on client needs and relationship to the site. This should form a triangular relationship: the human with the building, the building with the site, and the human with the site.

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

Henrik Bull has received 38 major design awards for work he personally designed, or under his direct design leadership. In 1978, Bull Field Volkmann Stockwell won an invited competition for planning the proposal new capital city of Alaska with Henrik Bull as co-principal in charge.

The firm has received 75 major design awards including the Firm Award from the AIA California Council in 1989, « in recognition of distinguished architecture in a form’s overall body of work ».

ACTIVITIES AND PUBLIC SERVICE

Henrik Bull has been elected Vice President (1967) and President (1968) of the American Institute of Architects / San Francisco Chapter (AIA SF), and elected to Fellowship in National AIA in 1969. He has also been part of the National AIA’s Committees (Housing Committee in 1967; and Scholarship Committee in 1974).

His other activities including also : Golden Gate Bridge Design Review Committee (1997 to 2001), President of the Architectural Heritage Association of Berkeley (1975), Citizen Advisory Committee for the San Francisco Urban Design Plan (1970), MIT Education Council (1960 to 1989), and architect representative on the Seismic Investigation and Hazards Survey Advisory Committee of San Francisco (1981-1985).

SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS

1955-1960: Numerous award winning vacation houses in the Lake Tahoe area.

1957-1967: Single family houses in the Bay Area, several design awards.

1958: Restoration of the Sentinel Building (now called Columbus) in San Francisco, an early example of historic preservation. Featured in Architectural Forum and in several newspaper articles.

1961: Christ Church Parish Hall, Sausalito. Design award from Guild for Religious Architecture.

1962: Sunset Discovery House, El Dorado Hills, CA. Featured in House and Home Magazine and Life Magazine. Homes for Better Living Award.

1963-1966: Tahoe Tavern Condominiums, the first highend condominium project at Lake Tahoe. Governor’s Design Award.

1965: Snowmass Villas, the first condominiums at the new Snowmass resort in Colorado (with Ian Mackinlay). Progressive Architecture Awards.

1967: Formation of Bull Filed Volkmann Stockwell.

1969: Takaro Lodge, Te Anau, New Zealand, a hunting and fishing resort on the South Island. The first overseas project and first using a “charette” process working with the clients and on site.

1971: Northstar at Tahoe, master planning, design of village and of 400 condominiums. AIA Northern California Design Award.

1978: Winner of invited competition for the planning of the proposed new capital city of Alaska, the site being a 100 square miles of wilderness between Anchorage and Fairbanks. In 1982, the move from the present capital at Juneau was defeated 48 to 52%.

1980: Spruce Saddle Mountain Restaurant, Beaver Creek, CO, the first building at the new Beaver Creek resort. “Best Day Lodge” Snow Country Magazine Award.

1981: Bear Valley Visitor Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, CA. President’s Design Award for Accessibility, California Department of Rehabilitation.

1988: The Inn at Spanish Bay, Pebble Beach, CA. Article entitled: “Very large hotel respectful to nature and its neighbors” by Donald Carty in Architecture Magazine, July 1988. AIA Monterey Chapter Design Award, Gold Nugget Award, National Association of Home Builders.

THE FIRM TODAY

Bull Stockwell Allen / BSA Architects continues to create projects that are related to their particular sites. Approximately half are public projects such as recreation centers and city halls where every attempt is made to relate the design to the location and the culture of the community. The balance of the work is largely in the hospitality field where many of the sites are in fragile environments such as national parks.

The firm has always been concerned with energy saving deign as well as the use of appropriate local materials to conserve resources. BSA is known for building designs which are developed from listening to user needs and which respond to their particular settings.

QUOTE

"We strive to design buildings that are at home with their environments; that are of the land rather than imposed on it. Good architecture will have a timeless quality that will seem fresh for many decades." Henrik Bull

PUBLICATIONS

> PUBLICATIONS

-Projects by Henrik Bull have been featured in magazines such as: Atlantic, Architectural Forum, Snow Country Magazine, Architecture California, Progressive Architecture, Architectural Record, Architectural Forum, House and Home, Housing Architecture, San Francisco Chronicle, Sunset, A&U Magazine (Japan), and Baumeister (Germany).

> ARTICLES

Henrik Bull wrote several articles as a mountain building expert. He has been a regular contributor to Ski Area Management (1973-1999) and to Snow Country Magazine (1973-1998). He also wrote articles for Architecture California and Fine Home building Magazine.

> CONFERENCES

-In 2000, Henrik Bull was invited to present a paper entitled “Lessons to be learned from indigenous architecture” at the Fourth International Conference on Snow Engineering at Trondheim, Norway.

-In 1982, Henrik Bull presented a paper entitled “Potential Seismic Hazard versus certain personal disaster” at a seismic conference sponsored by the National Science Foundation held at the University of California at Berkeley. In this paper Bull suggested that collapse of freeways presented a greater danger than collapse of masonry buildings. In the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 42 people were killed at the Cypress freeway collapse. Eight people died from falling masonry, and no masonry buildings collapsed.

> FEATURED PROJECTS IN BOOKS

-Klaussen Brown Cabin, featured as one of the six American houses in Modern Houses of the World, by Sherban Cantacuzino (London, 1964).

-Sims and Lyon Houses, description by Charles Moore, FAIA, featured in Bay Area Houses, (Gibbs M. Smith Inc, 1988).

-Klaussen Belvedere House and Klaussen Brown Cabin, featured in NorCalMod, Icons of Northern California Modernism, by Pierluigi Serraino (San Francisco, 2006).

-Flender Cabin, Edwards Cabin and Klaussen first cabin in Squaw Valley, featured in A-frame, by Chad Randl (Princeton University Press, 2004)

REFERENCES

RESSOURCES

Books:

-NorCalMod, Icons of Northern California Modernism, by Pierluigi Serraino (San Francisco, 2006)

-Bay Area HousesNew Edition, edited by Sally Woodbridge, Introduction by David Gebhard, (Gibbs M. Smith Inc, 1988)

-Recycling Buildings, Renovations, Remodelings, Restorations, and Reuses, by Elisabeth Kendall Thompson (McGraw-Hill, 1977)

-Modern Houses of the World, by Sherban Cantacuzino (London, 1964)

-A-frame, by Chad Randl (Princeton University Press, 2004)

-Cabins and Vacation Houses, A Sunset Book (1967)

-When the Lions Come, Surviving the Architectural Jungle, by Sherwood Stockwell ( Publisher: Xlibris Corporation, ISBN: 1413469418)

Articles in magazines:

-"Henrik Bull", in Sierra Heritage, December 2007, by Harry Georgeson.

-"Buildings That Belong", Signature Style article of the Home and Garden section in the San Francisco Chronicle, 9/16/2006, by Dave Weinstein.

-"A Piercing Look at Vacation House Design", an interview with Henrik Bull, A.I.A, by Building Product Guide #24, Spring/Summer 1969.

-"Mountain Living... the exciting ski cabins you see in Squaw Valley" in Sunset Magazine, February 1960.

-"Weekends of work for years of play" in Better Homes and Gardens, July 1962, by Barbara Cathcart.

-"Winter Vacation Houses" in Look, 2/12/1963, by John Peter.

-"With its unusual folded roof... the feeling of a mountain lookout", in Sunset Magazine, May 1958.

-"Cabin-in-the-round... built from a redwood wine tank", in Sunset Magazine (and on cover), February 1962.

-"For ski weekends and sun weekends with sleeping room for a crowd", in Sunset Magazine, October 1961.

-"This is Sunset's new Discovery House", in Sunset Magazine (and on cover), November 1962.

EXTERNAL LINKS

-American Institute of Architects, San Francisco:

-Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association:

-Berkeley Archives:

-Conferences Program AIA East Bay:

-San Francisco Chronicle article, September 2006 :

-Kit Cabin in the Douglas Fir Plywood Catalog from 1959:

-BSA Architects website

-“Coast Modern” A Documentary by Gavin Froome and Mike Bernard on three generations of modern architects of the West Coast in the USA:

-Nepenthe Restaurant founder quoting Henrik Bull:

-Chad Randl articles on the A-Frame cabin and craze: ,

-NorCalMod Book:

-The Story of Modern Skiing Book: [http://books.google.com/books?id=FOhrjSuy6rsC&pg=PA300&lpg=PA300&dq=henrik+bull&source=bl&ots=tEef_1fFHu&sig=idN0dK-od8A0XJ_-Zny4355AIXw&hl=en&ei=LohnSpa6GZP-sQOTuKjGBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 ]