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Transmembrane protein 74B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM229B gene.

Gene
The TMEM74B gene is also known as C20orf26, is located on chromosome 20 at location 20p13 and spans about 6000 bp. The TMEM74B gene typically has 3 exons that are spliced together from the sequence of its primary transcript to create a reference mRNA of 1876 base pairs (bp).

Expression
Expressed sequence tag mapping, RNA-Seq data, and microarray data of TMEM74B gene expression indicates that it is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. TMEM74B exhibits broad expression in the small intestine, lung, placenta and 21 other tissues.

Protein
The human TMEM74B gene encodes a protein 256 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 27.6 kDA. The unmodified protein has a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.0. It contains an N-terminal disordered region followed by two transmembrane domains.

Secondary Structure
The secondary structure prediction of the TMEM74B protein, using the Chou-Fasman method, indicates that it consists of a combination of helical and beta-sheet structures. Additionally, a smaller portion of the protein is predicted to have only turns (the N-terminal disordered region).

Tertiary Structure
Predicted tertiary TMEM74B protein structures can be found using I-TASSER and AlphaFold.

Protein Level Regulation
The TMEM74B protein is predicted with the greatest likelihood to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (34.8%) and the nuclear region (30.4%). Antibody staining shows that the heaviest localization in the nucleoplasm & Golgi apparatus.

Clinical relevance
TMEM74B, a transmembrane protein, plays a potential role in various cellular processes essential for normal functioning. Transmembrane proteins are involved in crucial functions such as cellular communication, transportation of molecules across membranes, and cell signaling. In a genome-wide study investigating disease susceptibility, TMEM74B was identified as one of the markers associated with multiple sclerosis.

Protein Interactions
TMEM74B has been identified to form associations with three distinct proteins: SS18L2 (Synovial Sarcoma 18 like 2 – part of a chromatin remodeling complex), RERGL (RAS like estrogen regulated growth inhibitor-like), and TTC36 (tetratricopeptide repeat domain 36). Notably, TTC36, being both a transmembrane protein and a tumor suppressor, plays a critical role in regulating cellular growth and inhibiting tumorigenesis.