User:OrangeZucchini/sandbox

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This is place to practice clicking the "edit" button and practice adding references (via the citation button). Please see Help:My_sandbox or contact User_talk:JenOttawa with any questions.

Link: Project Homepage and Resources


 * Note: Please use your sandbox to submit assignment # 3 by pasting it below. When uploading your improvements to the article talk page please share your exact proposed edit (not the full assignment 3).


 * Talk Page Template: CARL Medical Editing Initiative/Fall 2019/Talk Page Template

Noonan syndrome

Assignment 2
Turner, A. M. (2014). Noonan syndrome. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50(10), E14-E20. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01970.x

1) How you searched for a source (search strategy – where you went to find it).

I searched for secondary sources in PubMed by typing in “Noonan Syndrome” as a search term. I also added a filter for Reviews only, and sorted the results by Best Match.

2) What potential sources were identified and considered (give examples of 1 or 2).

PubMed presented me with 316 results. Some examples that I considered for use in addition to the Turner (2014) review are included below:

3) Why the source was chosen (what made it better than other choices).

The source was published in a reliable journal (Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health) and found in PubMed, a reliable database. There is ample information on genes for Noonan Syndrome, which is what I will be focusing on for the Causes section. Furthermore, the source provides a comprehensive but concise overview of symptoms relating to various body systems and how to proceed with managing them - which will be appropriate for the Management section.

4) List at least three reasons why the source that was selected meets Wikipedia’s reliable medical sources (MEDRS) criteria.


 * Source is available in a reputable database (PubMed)
 * Review was published in a reliable journal (Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health) - the only peer-reviewed pediatric journal in Canada
 * Information was reviewed and summarized by an expert in the field (Dr. Turner is a pediatrician with research experience in medical genetics)

5) How do you plan to use the source for improving the article?

I will be using the source to improve upon both the Management and Causes sections of the Wikipedia page. I will be using information from each of the review article’s subsections (e.g. Ophthalmological Features, Growth and Feeding) relevant to management of Noonan Syndrome - this was a section described by our tutor as “thin”. Additionally, I will be using the information from The Genes subheading in Turner (2014) to update and fact-check the information currently in the Causes section of the Wikipedia page.

Assignment 3: Proposed Changes
The original "Causes" Sub-heading was copied and pasted from the Noonan Syndrome article. Changes have been made directly to the text here. See Summary of Changes below for more information.

Cause[edit]
NS is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expression.

Recurrence in siblings transmission from parent to child has long suggested a genetic defect with autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expression. Mutations in the Ras/mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways are known to be responsible for about 70% of NS cases.

Persons with NS have up to a 50% chance of transmitting it to their offspring. The fact that an affected parent is not always identified for children with NS suggests several possibilities:


 * 1) Manifestations could be so subtle as to go unrecognized (variable expressivity)
 * 2) NS is heterogeneous, comprising more than one similar condition of differing causes, and some of these may not be inherited.
 * 3) A high proportion of cases may represent new, sporadic mutations.

Heterozygous mutations in NRAS, HRAS, BRAF, SHOC2, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and CBL have also been associated with a smaller percentage of NS and related phenotypes.

A condition known as "neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome" is associated with neurofibromin (NF1) gene. Additionally, mutations in the SPRED1 gene have been associated with a neurofibromatosis-like disorder.



Summary of Changes
4) Critique of Source

Turner (2014):

While Turner is an expert in the field (as a paediatrician with previous research experience in medical genetics) and summarizes the information concisely, there are some issues with the review article. There is no detailed explanation of the search strategy - for example, which databases were used and what the inclusion/exclusion criteria were. Additionally, there is no evaluation of the strength or weaknesses of the papers Turner used to create this review article. Overall, the source is more susceptible to bias and author opinion than a systematic review. Thus, it was important to compare the information from this source against the Allanson et al. (1993) source found from Gene Reviews. The Allanson et al. (1993) source has been recently updated (August 2019) and provides a more detailed overview of NS. When editing and proposing changes to the Wikipedia article, I made sure to fact-check information from Turner (2014) with Allanson et al. (1993) before initiating the change.