User:Ornthawatpongsri/sandbox

Thai traditional Pattern or (ลายไทย) is a format that consists of line or carving by abiding the beauty which has been popular in Thai national art for a long time. It was agreed that it must derived from the natural shapes or organic shapes then apply and abridge into more geometric shapes by using more gentle and delicate lines. One of the most important Thai motif patterns is "Kranok Pattern" or "กระหนก", because it appears in many Thai artworks such as Tripiṭaka cabinets, the doors of Thai temple, and coffins.

Thai traditional pattern mostly was derived from nature which are


 * Lotus : by using the appearance of lotus.


 * Flame : by using the movement of flame which is waver.


 * Leave : mostly this pattern was derived from "the Lai ted leave" because of its beautiful shape.


 * Flower : such as cotton rose, jasmine, orange jasmine, four-o’clocks flowers.


 * Vegetable leave : the most popular leave that has been used is "Paco Fern" or "ผักกูด" which has a curve and round characteristic as dominant features.


 * Vine : according to its movement which is flow and lead the viewer's eyes so the artists used this dominant feature to create a connected pattern.


 * Human : although painting a portrait is not being used as much as western art, in Thai art the artists usually used the human figure to symbolize as god or divinity in each religion such as Brama, Shiva and Vishnu.


 * The influence of the other countries art : predominantly derived from Chinese and Cambodian cultures.

=History of Thai traditional pattern=

The word "Lai"(ลาย) means a line that was created into many shapes which inferred to their culture which was derived from lotus, leaves ,flowers ,bunch of vine, human and also fire flame.

The old Lai Thai can be divided into 4 groups which are


 * Kranok means the way of drawing patterns such as Lai Kranok Sam Tea, Krajang Ta Aoi and Pra Jam Yang.


 * Naree means the way of drawing human figure which the artists have to practice the figure, face and also the posture of human.


 * Krabi means the way of drawing monkeys, giants, or monsters.


 * Kacha means the way of drawing animals that living in nature such as horses, cows, tigers and buffaloes or an imagine animals in Thai novels.

=Characteristics of Thai traditional pattern=

Characteristic of "Lai Thai" divided according to the way of creation which are
 * Drawing or (ลายเส้น) is the first step of creating art before deleting into other techniques.
 * Coloring or (ลายสอดสี) is the technique of applying colors into works, these style of works is being known as "Mural painting" and common use in religious purpose.
 * Carving or (ลายฉลุ) is the technique of engraving materials into motif or pattern.
 * Thai Lacquer or (ลายรดน้ำ) is another unique technique of Thai art by applying a thin sheet of gold into the surface of wooden panel. Mostly used when doing a pattern of temple's windows and doors.
 * Pearl Inlay or (ลายประดับมุก) is the ways of applying pearls or shells into wooden surface according to the pattern. Nile top shell and Apple snail shell are commonly used as a material.
 * Wood Carving or (ลายแกะสลัก) is the way of carving wooden surface into patterns.
 * Stucco or (ลายปูนปั้น) is mostly used for building decorations and ornaments by using concrete.
 * Stone Carving or (ลายฉลักหิน) is the technique that commonly has been used in Lopburi province because of Cambodian influences. It is the way of carving stones into shapes such as gable and base.
 * Metal Carving or (ลายบุดุล) is the technique of applying patterns onto metal surface by pressing or forging.
 * Metal Casting or (ลายหล่อโลหะ)ลายหล่อโลหะ is the process of creating sculpture by melting metal then for it into mold, commonly used for creating the statue of Buddha.
 * Mosaic or (ลายกระเบื้องเคลือบ) is the decoration technique by applying mosaics and tiles into building to create patterns.

=Thai traditional pattern=

Kranok
Kranok, the most important basic of Thai pattern in Thai painting which has a base from right triangle might has one or more, and often face to the same side but has the different size and proportion which can be divided into many types, which include Kranok Sam Thua (กระหนกสามตัว),Kranok Plaew (กระหนกเปลว), Kranok Bai Tet (กระหนกใบเทศ),Kranok Pak Kud (กระหนกผักกูด),Kranok Kor (กระหนกกอ),Kranok Hang-Hong (กระหนกหางหงส์)

The shape of the Kranok pattern originated from a lotus flower and derived from the appearance of the flame. Kranok Sam-Tua is the most important mother pattern as it is the prototype of every Kranok pattern because every Kranok pattern must originate Kranok Sam-Tua pattern. In the past the ancient master prescribe another name which Kra-nok means birds and woods (Dong Nok Dong Mai) which they were created from the nature, can be spelled “Kor-Nok” but degenerate “O” vowel. Later on the next generation called “Kra-Nok”.

Naree
The word "Naree" in Thai means woman but in the art term, it means the way of drawing human figure, male protagonist, female protagonist and divinity.

In the way of drawing and practicing Naree pattern, the artists have to practice drawing the female protagonist first because female protagonist has more delicate proportion and appearance than the male protagonist. Furthermore the artists have to practice drawing the figure in various action, movement and emotion such as sleeping, standing, sitting, soaring, happy, sad, and angry.

Krabi
Krabi is the way of drawing monkey, giant, devil and inhuman figure. By starting from drawing monkeys when practicing and this pattern is often used in Ramayana story which has monkey as a male protagonist.

Kacha
Kacha is the way of drawing animals which live in the nature such as here, elephant, tiger, bird, lion and buffalo and the literary animals which have an usual appearance such as garuda, swan and half-bird half-woman. In practicing term, the artists must start from drawing big animals such as elephant then gradually decreasing into small animals.

=Applications of Thai pattern=

As Thai pattern is the Thai identity that has been used in various ways in art from past until now. It was predominantly used in mural paintings, sculptures and Building decorations such as interior and exterior decorations and ornaments, temple mural paintings and palace.


 * Thai National Treasure, the reason why it was symbolized as the national heritage because it is the pattern that has been created and developed until it became the identity of Thai art which is precious and has to be reserved.


 * Religion, most of Thai pattern is related with Buddhism which is the Thai national religion and according to the faith so Thai people reflects their believe into the works such as mural paintings in temple, church or even palace.

=References=