User:Orthodoxgirl/sandbox

Networking Essentials Terms and Meaning
Computer Network consists of group of computer and devices which are connected with each other. Where it allows the computer to communicate with each other and share resources which include information, software and peripheral devices such as printers, scanners etc..,Computer networks are divided into LAN, MAN and WAN depending on the geographical coverage area. The following are Network Essentials terms and their meaning.

A

 * Advanced Cable Testers: Used to monitor network traffic, message frame counts and collisions. Also indicates if a particular cable or network adapter card is causing any problems.
 * American National standards Institute(ANSI): An institute which set communications standards.
 * Apple Talk: A network protocol suite developed to run on Apple computers. The Apple Talk protocols support LocalTalk, Ethernet, and Token Ring.
 * ArcNet (Attached Resource Computer Network): Developed by datapoint corporation for baseband, token-passing and bus architecture. ArcNet runs on coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable, and finer-optic cable. It runs at 2.5 Mbps and uses a true star topology. It is still popular in robotics and industrial control markets.
 * Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): A fully digital, dedicated connections the telephone system that basically used for internet connection. It provides higher bit rates in the downstream direction than the upstream direction.
 * Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): Provides high-speed data transmission rates to spend fixed-size cells over broadband LANs or WANs. It uses fibre-optic cabling or CAT 5 UTP. It can be used to transfer voice, data, fax, realtime Vedic and CD-quality audio.

B

 * Backbone: Main cable from which the transceiver cables are connected to computers, repeaters and bridges.
 * BOOTP: This is a component of TCP/IP that allows computers to get an IP address from the server prior to booting the OS.

C

 * Coaxial cable (coax): A conductive center wire surrounded by an insulating layer, a mesh and a non-conductive outer layer. Coaxial cable is resistant to interference and signal weakening.
 * Crosstalk: A disturbance caused by electromagnetic interference along a circuit or a cable pair.

D

 * Dumb Terminal: A device used for accepting data on a network that does not contain any intelligence or processing capabilities.
 * Domain: Each domain has unique name and collection of computers and users that share a common database and security policy stored on a domain controller.

E

 * Ethernet: It is a LAN developed by Xerox in 1976, it uses a bus topology.
 * Encryption: Converting data to a secured code before transmitting over the network so as to protect it from unauthorized access.

F

 * File Transfer protocol: Protocol used to transfer files between local and remote computers.
 * Frame Reply: High speed packet switching protocol used in WAN's.

G

 * Gateway: Used to connect networks and also allows transfer of data from one network to another.

H

 * Hop: Transmission of a data packet through a router in mesh environment.
 * Hub: Used to connect the clients and the servers and it operates in physical layer.

I

 * Internal Network: A LAN that resides behind a router, modem or firewall.
 * Insulating Jacket: Outside part of a finer optic cables that hold it all together.
 * Intranet: A private network inside an organization or company that uses same kind of software and services.

L

 * Link Light: An LED on NICs, hubs, and switches that glow to show good connection between the devices.
 * Logical Address: An address that describes both specific network and a specific machine on the network and ip address.