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Female copulatory vocalizations (FCV) or female copulation calls are produced by some female primates, including human females, when they vocalize in specific ways during sexual intercourse and related sexual activity to express sexual pleasure and to excite their sexual partners, and potential sexual partners. While males vocalize sexually as well, females typically do so much more frequently. Among women, FCV may take verbal and non-verbal forms including breathing heavily, moaning, crying out, screaming, talking dirty, crying, and laughing. Researchers have observed that, in at least some species (for instance, Chacma Baboons), the particular vocalizations used are unique to sexual activity.

In non-human primates
In non-human primates, copulatory vocalizations begin towards the end of the copulatory act or even after copulation. The percentage of vocalizations after copulation varies dependent on the non-human primate species studied. In long-tail macaques, for instance, 80% of copulations are followed by copulation calls. In contrast, the percentage for chimpanzees and Tonkean macaques has been found to be 78.8% and 6%, respectively.

Post-copulatory vocalizations in primates are hypothesized to be an adaptive solution to two problems: the occurrence of infanticide, as well as the absence of honest signals in males of certain species. In order to prevent the first problem, namely the killing of their offspring, female baboons employ copulatory calls in order to attract other males, allowing multiple mating acts and creating parental confusion among the males involved. The resulting uncertainty of who the father is therefore reduces the occurrence of attacks, given the newly incited risk of potentially harming the own offspring. Additionally, mating in rapid successions also entails sperm competition, and therefore fulfills the additional function of obtaining high quality sperm. This is especially important in species that do not advertise good genes, hence providing a solution to the second problem.

Furthermore, by attracting other males through post-copulatory calls, the female might provoke mate guarding behavior in the male. This so-called 'parental concentration' has two outcomes. Firstly, the male might be of high enough quality to fend off those that were attracted by the call. In that case the female has not only gained someone who can protect her and who prevents infanticide through other males, but this also means that she was inseminated by a specimen with potentially good genes. Secondly, if the male fails to successfully guard her, she will mate with the newly arrived males, hence inciting sperm competition and paternity confusion, again preventing attacks on her offspring, as well as assuring good genes.

Further, research suggests that in baboons vocalizations vary depending on how close the females were to ovulation. This suggests that the females vocalize to announce sexual availability and fertility to males other than the one with whom she was copulating—an indicator of promiscuity (polygamy) rather than monogamy. The calls also carried information about the status of the male with whom she was copulating, thus presumably allowing other males to assess their likelihood of mating with the female.

In non-primates
Copulatory vocalizations of several mammals have different purposes, properties and frequencies. The calls can be emitted prior the copulation, during the act or even afterwards. Compared to non-human primates, more calls occur prior the copulation. The calls and their properties of mice, elephants, lions and many more mammals are well documented.

It has been shown that Mice use 70,000 Hz calls continuously prior copulation and some 70,000 Hz mixed with 40,000 Hz calls during the copulatory act.

However, African elephants, use very low frequency calls of 14–35 Hz prior copulation while searching for mates. #

One study found that female fowl can utilize copulatory vocalizations in order to prevent or end unwanted copulations, by attracting high-ranking male fowl.

Male animals can also utilize copulatory vocalizations. Male peacocks emit copulatory vocalizations that attract female mates, and male Columbian ground squirrels have been observed to use copulatory vocalizations in order to announce post-copulatory mate guarding.

While not technically a vocalization, female spiders have been shown to stridulate during copulation in order to influence male genitalic movements, and to inform males of sexual receptivity.

In humans
Theories are more diverse in regard to women’s sexual vocalizing. On the one hand, researchers have noted some apparently communicative patterns in women’s FCV (Female Copulatory Vocalizations) that suggest some parallels with the FCV of other primates (including an invitation to sperm competition, given that female sexual vocalizations, like those of other primates, serve as "copulation calls" noticeable to other men and exciting to them if overheard ). One study, for instance, has noted that female sexual vocalizations tend to become more intense as she approaches orgasm; at orgasm her vocalization tends to become very rapid, with a regular rhythm that includes equal note lengths and intervals between notes, which male vocalization typically lacks. By exciting her partner with her vocalizations and bringing about his orgasm at that point, she helps ensure that the seminal pool is available for her cervix to dip into as her vagina relaxes after her orgasm.

On the other hand, recent studies have indicated that most FCV in women does not accompany their own orgasm, but rather their partner’s ejaculation. The study showed that the man typically finds the woman’s vocalization sexy and highly exciting, and that the woman herself is aware of this. Most women in the study, furthermore, indicated that they vocalized during intercourse to make their man ejaculate more quickly, or to boost his enjoyment or self-esteem, or both. A correlation has been found between the frequency of vocalizations and sexual satisfaction for both men and women.

The reasons that women gave for wanting to force a quick ejaculation include the alleviation of the female pain, fatigue, or even boredom, or simply to stay within some imposed time restriction for sexual activity. Reasons for wanting to boost the male self-esteem included reinforcing the pair bond that intercourse helps to strengthen, and thus reducing emotional and sexual infidelity and abandonment. The researchers note that all of these goals are apparently congruent with FCV in non-human primates.

It is also possible that some vocalizations are due to hyperventilation. Both men and women can experience hyperventilation during sexual arousal, which can involve involuntary vocalizations.