User:Oughtta Be Otters/sandbox/AAInventors

Not rated:

Thomas Mensah – lots of suspicion about the quality of the content of the page. Could probably use work to make it more in line with Wikipedia tone and sourcing.

Red:


 * Elbert R. Robinson
 * National Association of Hispanic Publications (seriously mentioned on like a dozen other pages, though)
 * Gerri Warren
 * The Gallery of Distinguished Black Publishers.
 * Tice Davids
 * Tech companies:

1 – Afrinanny (FamTech, Children, Marketplace)

2 – Jartogo (B2B2C, Logistics, Sustainability, Social Impact)

3 – Scizzrs (B2B2C, Beauty, EdTech, Personal Care)

4 – Kiddie Kredit (B2B2C, FinTech, EdTech)

5 – PopCom (B2B, SaaS, Hardware, Data, Retail, woman-owned)

6 – WhoseYourLandlord (B2C, Data Analytics, Real Estate Enterprise Software, Social Impact)

7 – Femly (B2C, Feminine care, Health & Wellness, woman-owned)

8 – Rebundle (B2C, beauty, hair, woman-owned)

9 – TheClub (B2C, Mobile Application, Live Streaming, Music, Entertainment)

10 – EcoText (B2C, EdTech)

11 – Freeman Capital (B2C, FinTech, Social Impact)



Stub:


 * Meredith Gourdine
 * National Newspaper Publishers Association
 * 306 Group

Start:


 * Dr. Betty Harris - chemist
 * Marie Van Brittan Brown
 * Charles Brooks
 * Frederick McKinley Jones
 * Elizabeth Greenfield - for one thing, "biography" needs to be put into different sections
 * Sadie Roberts-Joseph
 * Freedom's Journal
 * Samuel Cornish
 * Allen_Allensworth
 * Mayme Agnew Clayton (librarian!!!!!)
 * Robert Henry Lawrence Jr.
 * Nat Love
 * Debi Thomas

C


 * John Brown Russwurm
 * Romare Bearden -- needs section on baseball career
 * Countee Cullen
 * Lewis Howard Latimer
 * Garrett Morgan
 * Bill Pickett
 * Cathay Williams

B

GA:
 * Dr. Patricia Era Bath
 * Charles Alston
 * Paul Cuffe
 * Harriet Jacobs (soooooo long, maybe needs some help with sourcing or copyediting??)
 * Cathay Williams (BUT needs additional citations!)

Mary McLeod Bethune

https://thewestsidegazette.com/your-black-history-read-about-three-black-american-female-inventors-you-may-not-have-heard-of/ Marie Van Brittan Brown - develop the patent for closed circuit television security Dr. Patricia Era Bath - Laserphaco Probe Dr. Betty Harris - chemist

https://thewestsidegazette.com/four-african-american-inventors-transformed-transporation/ Elbert R. Robinson refined the electric railway trolley. Charles Brooks invented the first self-propelled street sweepers. Frederick McKinley Jones developed air conditioning for truck and railroad transportation of food. Meredith Gourdine developed the exhaust purification system.

https://thewestsidegazette.com/charles-brooks-inventor/ Charles Brooks designed the street sweeper and patented it on March 17, 1896.

https://web.archive.org/web/20200502200107/https://thewestsidegazette.com/new-childrens-book-celebrates-black-inventor-in-honor-of-black-history-month/ Frederick McKinley Jones mobile refrigeration

https://thewestsidegazette.com/howard-university-hosts-usas-first-stem-best-practices-forum/ Dr. Anthony K. Wutoh, Provost of Howard University in Washington D.C. Dr. Thomas Mensah – a Fellow of the NAI and one of its only three Black members of its 167 inventors who holds over seven U.S.A. patents, and Dr. Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu

https://web.archive.org/web/20190822174822/https://thewestsidegazette.com/americas-greatest-the-legacy-of-our-icons/ Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield Singer Born: 1819 • Died: March 31, 1876

https://thewestsidegazette.com/americas-greatest/ Henry “Box” Brown, Performer, Magician Born: 1816 • Died: June 15, 1897

Sadie Roberts-Joseph Now and Then African American History Museum, now known as the Baton Rouge African American History Museum, in 2001, according to the Advocate.

https://thewestsidegazette.com/top-11-black-owned-tech-companies-to-invest-in-for-2021/
 * 1) 1 – Afrinanny (FamTech, Children, Marketplace)
 * 2) 2 – Jartogo (B2B2C, Logistics, Sustainability, Social Impact)
 * 3) 3 – Scizzrs (B2B2C, Beauty, EdTech, Personal Care)
 * 4) 4 – Kiddie Kredit (B2B2C, FinTech, EdTech)
 * 5) 5 – PopCom (B2B, SaaS, Hardware, Data, Retail, woman-owned)
 * 6) 6 – WhoseYourLandlord (B2C, Data Analytics, Real Estate Enterprise Software, Social Impact)
 * 7) 7 – Femly (B2C, Feminine care, Health & Wellness, woman-owned)
 * 8) 8 – Rebundle (B2C, beauty, hair, woman-owned)
 * 9) 9 – TheClub (B2C, Mobile Application, Live Streaming, Music, Entertainment)
 * 10) 10 – EcoText (B2C, EdTech)
 * 11) 11 – Freeman Capital (B2C, FinTech, Social Impact)

https://thewestsidegazette.com/historic-black-press-week-captivates-d-c/ Publishers and leaders from the National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), a trade group of more than 200 Black-owned media companies, and from the 400-plus member National Association of Hispanic Publications (NAHP) recently held a historic three-day summit in Washington, D.C. that featured an all-star roster of speakers, meetings on Capitol Hill, and the enshrinement of the late Gerri Warren into The Gallery of Distinguished Black Publishers. --The civil rights activist said 189 years ago in 1827, Freedom’s Journal was boldly published in New York and became the first Black-owned newspaper in the United States. --“Our journey of faith began with two free men, Samuel E. Cornish and John B. Russwurm, who laid the first stone on the path we follow by publishing the nation’s first African-American newspaper, Freedom’s Journal, on March 16, 1827 in New York,” she said. “Their articles, editorials, cartoons, sermons, bios and advertisements included arguments for the abolishment of slavery and the expressed pride in the accomplishment of the African-American community.”

https://thewestsidegazette.com/black-history-little-known-facts/ Allensworth is the first all-black Californian township, founded and financed by African Americans. Created by Lieutenant Colonel Allen Allensworth in 1908, the town was built with the intention of establishing a self-sufficient city where African Americans could live their lives free of racial prejudice.

painter Charles Alston founded the 306 group, which convened in his studio space and provided support and apprenticeship for African-American artists, including Langston Hughes; sculptor Augusta Savage; and mixed-media visionary Romare Bearden. Before he was a renowned artist, Romare Bearden was also a talented baseball player. He was recruited by the Philadelphia Athletics on the pretext that he would agree to pass as white. He turned down the offer, instead choosing to work on his art. In 1938, first lady Eleanor Roosevelt challenged the segregation rules at the Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama, so she could sit next to African-American educator and activist Mary McLeod Bethune. Roosevelt would come to refer to Bethune as “her closest friend in her age group.” Dr. Mayme A. Clayton, a Los Angeles librarian and historian, amassed an extensive and valuable collection of black Americana now found in a museum that houses an estimated 3.5 million items. The collection includes works from a wide range of luminaries, including Countee Cullen, Marcus Garvey, Zora Neale Hurston and Lena Horne. Paul Cuffee, a philanthropist, ship captain and devout Quaker who supported a return to Africa for black citizens, transported 38 free African Americans to Sierra Leone in 1815. He also founded one of the first American integrated schools in 1797. Tice Davids, a runaway slave from Kentucky, may have been the inspiration for the first usage of the term “Underground Railroad,” though the origins of the term are shrouded in mystery. According to reports, after Davids swam across the Ohio River, his “owner” was unable to find him. He allegedly told the local paper that if Davids had escaped, he must have traveled on “an underground railroad.” Davids is thought to have made his way to Ripley, Ohio. Nancy Green, who was formerly enslaved, was employed in the 1890s to promote the Aunt Jemima brand by demonstrating the pancake mix at expositions and fairs. She was a popular attraction because of her friendly personality, storytelling skills and warmth. Green signed a lifetime contract with the pancake company, and her image was used for packaging and ads. Abolitionist Harriet Ann Jacobs published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl in 1861 under the pseudonym Linda Brent. The book chronicles the hardships and sexual abuse she experienced as a woman growing up in slavery. Jacobs fled slavery in 1835 by hiding in a crawlspace in her grandmother’s attic for seven years before traveling to Philadelphia by boat, and eventually to New York. Lewis Howard Latimer drafted patent drawings for Alexander Graham Bell’stelephone while working at a patent law firm. In 1967, chemist and scholar Robert H. Lawrence Jr. became the first black man to be trained as an astronaut. Sadly, Lawrence died in a jet crash during flight training and never made it into space. Nat “Deadwood Dick” Love, a renowned and skilled cowboy, wrote his autobiographical work The Life and Adventures of Nat Love, Better Known in the Cattle Country as Deadwood Dick, published in 1907.  George Monroe and William Robinson  are thought to be two of the first African Americans to work as Pony Express riders. Pony Express rider George Monroe was also a highly skilled stagecoach driver for U.S. presidents Ulysses S. Grant, James Garfield and Rutherford B. Hayes. Monroe, who was known as “Knight of the Sierras,” frequently navigated passengers through the curving Wanona Trail in the Yosemite Valley. As a result, Monroe Meadows in Yosemite National Park is named after him.

Garrett Morgan, inventor of the three-way traffic signal, also became the first African American to own a car in Cleveland, Ohio.

Bill Pickett, a renowned rodeo performer, was inducted into the National Cowboy Hall of Fame in 1971, the first African American to receive the honor. He was also recognized by the U.S. Postal service as one of the 20 “Legends of the West” in a series of stamps.

African-American Olympic figure skating medalist Debi Thomas attended Stanford University and later studied medicine at Northwestern University, becoming an orthopedic surgeon.

Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr., a physicist, mathematician and engineer, earned a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Chicago in 1942, at age 19.

Fact #113 Cathay Williams was the first and only known female Buffalo Soldier. Williams was born into slavery and worked for the Union army during the Civil War. She posed as a man and enlisted as William Cathay in the 38th infantry in 1866, and was given a medical discharge in 1868.

Fact #114 NFL player John Williams won the Super Bowl as part of the Baltimore Colts before he eventually quit the league to become a dentist.

Fact #115 Renowned African-American architect Paul R. Williams mastered the art of rendering drawings upside-down so that his clients would see the drawings right side up. Williams’s style became associated with California glamour, beauty and naturalism, and he joined the American Institute of Architects in 1923.

Fact #116 Because he worked during the height of segregation, most of the homes designed by African-American architect Paul R. Williams had deeds that barred blacks from buying them.

Owned by African-American designer, entrepreneur and television personality Daymond John, the popular FUBU clothing line has won various awards, including an Advertising Age award, an NAACP award, the Pratt Institute Award, the EssenceAchievement Award, the Asper Award for social entrepreneurship and a citation of honor from the Queens Borough President.