User:Oukass

Parts of speech ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜـــــﻼ‌ﻡ ( part of speech )

ﻳُﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ‌ﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻ‌ﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ 8 ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ, ﻃﺒﻌﺎً ﻛﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ: === ﺃﻭﻻ‌ً: ﺍﻷ‌ﺳﻤﺎﺀ (Nouns ) - ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀ، ﺍﻷ‌ﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ, ﻣﺜﻞ: ﺭﻳﻤﺎ Rima / ﺑــﺎﺏ Door / ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ Kuwait == ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎُ: ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ (Pronouns) -- ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻻ‌ً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ‌ﺳﻤﺎﺀ, ﻓﻨﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻ‌ﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻨﺎﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ: ﺫﻟﻚ that / ﻣﻦ؟ ?Who / ﺍﻧﺖ you / ﺍﻧﺎ I == ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً (Adjectives) --- ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻷ‌ﺣﺮﻯ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻒ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ‌ﻝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺇﺗﻤﺎﻣﻪ, ﻣﺜﻞ: ﻃﻔﻞٌ ﺫﻛﻲ An intelligent child / ﺯﻫﺮﺓٌ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﻪ A lovely flower / ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏٌ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ Its a new book / ﺫﻛﻲ intelligent / ﺟﺪﻳﺪ new [new, intelligent and lovely ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ] == ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎً: ﺍﻻ‌ﻓﻌﺎﻝ (Verbs) --- ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻹ‌ﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻹ‌ﻧﺴﺎﻥ, ﻣﺜﻞ: ﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﺴﺒﻮﻝ They played Baseball / ﻫﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ We defeated the enemy [play ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ played ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ, play ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ.] [defeate ﻳﻬﺰﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻔﻮﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻲ defeated ﻭ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ (ﻫﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻫﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ).] == ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎً: ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ( Adverbs)

ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺣﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ, ﻣﺜﻞ: ﺭﻛﻀﺖ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ I ran quickly / ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺠﺪ You can work hard / ﺇﻟﺘﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ We met yesterday == ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎً: ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ ( Perpostions )

ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷ‌ﺳﻤﺎﺀ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ) ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷ‌ﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼ‌ﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ, ﻣﺜﻞ: ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨﺔ The smoke went up the chimny / ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻫﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻑ Huda put the books upon the / ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺑﺠﺪ ﻛﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺢ I worked hard because I wanted to succeed == ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎً: ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ ( conjunctions )

ﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺃﺷﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ: ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻭ جدابة She's beautiful and cute