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Fish
A variety of fish inhabit the Potomac, including bass, muskellunge, pike, walleye. The northern snakehead, an invasive species resembling the native bowfin, lamprey, and American eel, was first seen in 2004. Many types of sunfish are also present in the Potomac and its headwaters. Although rare, bull sharks can be found.

After having been depressed for many decades, the river's population of American Shad is currently re-bounding as a result of the ICPRB's successful "American Shad Restoration Project" that was begun in 1995. In addition to stocking the river with more than 22 million shad fry, the Project supervised construction of a fishway that was built to facilitate the passage of adults around the Little Falls Dam on the way to their traditional spawning grounds upstream.

{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! Freshwater fish of the Potomac River

Bowfin (Amiidae)

 * Bowfin Amia calva

Catfishes (Ictaluridae)

 * White bullhead catfish Ameiurus catus
 * Yellow bullhead catfish Ameiurus natalis
 * Brown bullhead catfish Ameiurus nebulosus
 * Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus
 * Tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus
 * Margined madtom Noturus insignis
 * Blue catfish* Ictalurus furcatus*
 * Flathead catfish* Pylodictis olivaris*

Trout and whitefish (Salmonidae)

 * Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 * Brown trout (Salmo trutta)

* denotes naturalized species;

Sources:
 * Dnr.state.md: Fish key of native species
 * http://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/MasterFreshFishList0213.pdf


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{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! Tidal freshwater fish of the Potomac River

Mullets (Mugilidae)
Striped mullet Mugil cephalus

Drums (Sciaenidae)
Spot Leiostomus xanthurus

Sharks (Carcharhinidae)
Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas

Sources:
 * Dnr.state.md: Fish key of native species
 * http://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/MasterFreshFishList0213.pdf


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