User:Paigepotvin/sandbox

Psychological Perspective (Haley Grant.)

Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder can include sad moods, lessened amounts of energy, difficulty focusing, feeling irritable, requiring more sleep, craving sweets, and preferring not to take part in social situations.[1] There are lesser known symptoms for the summer seasonal pattern disorder that include insomnia, weight loss, anxiety, and violent behavior.[2] This disorder can be as severe as nonseasonal depression and can come with thoughts of suicide1. Seasonal Affective Disorder affects women more frequently than men, and occurs more in younger people2.

1.     ^ Melrose, Sherri (13 September 2015). "Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches". Depression Research and Treatment. Volume 2015: 6. Retrieved 15 October 2020.

2.      ^ Meesters, Ybe; Gordijn, Marijke (30 November 2016). "Seasonal affective disorder, winter type: current insights and treatment options". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. Retrieved 10 October 2020. Social Perspective (Paige Potvin)

Seasonal Affective Disorder usually begins in the late fall early winter and can last until spring and summer. Symptoms range from mild to severe and can cause distress which can interfere with daily functioning. Individuals who are diagnosed with depression are more likely to experience symptoms of SAD. Social problems such as irritability and social avoidance can often occur with SAD. It is important to consult with a Doctor if you experience sleep and appetite changes, turn to alcohol for comfort, or feel hopeless.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) - Symptoms and causes. (2017, October 25). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651

Torres. (2020). Seasonal Affective Disorder. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/seasonal-affective-disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder. (2017, July 3). Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). (2020). Mental Health America. https://www.mhanational.org/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad

Social and Psychological (Alexandra Lacy and Bianca Assenza) We think this paragraph of information that we wrote would be able to go under the signs and symptoms section.

People who suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder, also known as SAD, have extreme periods of sadness, sometimes not being able to function, most commonly during the times of winter. People with SAD have a hard time making decisions, tend to not have many interests, and try to avoid associating themselves with others. A person may experience an increased amount of sleep, less energy, and tend to eat more because of an increased appetite. A person dealing with SAD typically has a hankering for carbohydrates with regards to food and drinks. A person who enjoys drinking alcohol may struggle because it will lead to more alcohol use. This can be troublesome due to the fact that many people try to self-medicate by using alcohol since it may take certain thoughts and feelings away. Social activities of a person who is diagnosed with SAD will be significantly decreased, than those who do not have SAD. In fact, it is more common for females to have SAD rather than males.

References:

'',, Melrose, Sherri (2015-11-25). "Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches". Depression Research and Treatment. doi:10.1155/2015/178564. PMC 4673349. PMID 26688752. Retrieved 2020-10-16.''

"Seasonal affective disorder", Wikipedia, 2020-08-28, retrieved 2020-09-30

, . Meesters, Ybe; Gordijn, Marijke CM (2016-11-30). "Seasonal affective disorder, winter type: current insights and treatment options". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. doi:10.2147/prbm.s114906. PMC 5138072. PMID 27942239. Retrieved 2020-10-07

,, .Sher, Leo (2002-07-01). "Relationships between seasonality and alcohol use: a genetic hypothesis". Medical Hypotheses. 59 (1): 85–88. doi:10.1016/S0306-9877(02)00130-5. ISSN 0306-

Neurological perspective (Sophie Elliot)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) can be explained neurologically through studies of the brain and chemical levels. SAD is a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) which presents with common vegetative symptoms.[1] These symptoms include hypersomnia and a craving for carbohydrates.[2] The body craves carbohydrates to produce glucose which gives energy to the brain.[3] With a decrease in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose (CMRglu) the hypometabolism in the lower superior medial frontal regions is affected. [4] This is the hypothesized region of importance for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) where the dysregulation of serotonin comes from.[5] Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep, that is why these three behaviors are most affected in patients with SAD. [6] Cerebral serotonin transporters (5-HTT) reduce the available amount of serotonin at the receptors. This results in a decrease in their sensitivity to serotonin which in turn, makes a person feel more depressed and down as they are not getting the required amount of (5-HTT) to meet their needs to improve their mood. [7]

1.   ^ Nørgaard, Martin et al. “Brain Networks Implicated in Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Neuroimaging PET Study of the Serotonin Transporter.” Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 11 614. 3 Nov. 2017, doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00614

2.   ^ Nørgaard, Martin et al. “Brain Networks Implicated in Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Neuroimaging PET Study of the Serotonin Transporter.” Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 11 614. 3 Nov. 2017, doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00614

3.   ^ Levitan, Robert D. “The chronobiology and neurobiology of winter seasonal affective disorder.” Dialogues in clinical neuroscience vol. 9,3 (2007): 315-24.

4.   ^ Kennedy, Sidney H, et al. “A Review of Functional Neuroimaging in Mood Disorders: Positron Emission Tomography and Depression.” The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 42, no. 5, 1997, pp. 467–475., doi:10.1177/070674379704200502.

5.   ^ Nørgaard, Martin et al. “Brain Networks Implicated in Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Neuroimaging PET Study of the Serotonin Transporter.” Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 11 614. 3 Nov. 2017, doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00614

6.   ^ Levitan, Robert D. “The chronobiology and neurobiology of winter seasonal affective disorder.” Dialogues in clinical neuroscience vol. 9,3 (2007): 315-24.

7.   ^ Nørgaard, Martin et al. “Brain Networks Implicated in Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Neuroimaging PET Study of the Serotonin Transporter.” Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 11 614. 3 Nov. 2017, doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00614