User:Palket98/sandbox

Background
North Efate, also known as Nakanamanga or Nguna, is an Oceanic language spoken on the northern area of Efate in Vanuatu, as well as on a number of islands off the northern coast. Efate Island is an island in the center of Vanuatu, where North Efate subsists of a region that encompasses the regions bordered by Tuktuk Point in the South and Samoan point in the north. The influx of missionaries was characteristic of a change in indigenous perspectives where much of the traditions were destroyed or altered. Vanuatu has some of the highest language densities in the world. The population of speakers is recorded to be 9,500.

Location
Shefa Province, north Efate island, Nguna, Tongoa, and several smaller islands, southeast

Phonology[edit]
The consonant and vowels sounds of North Efate (Nguna)

Subdialects of North Efate include :


 * Buninga
 * Emau
 * Livara
 * Nguna
 * Paunangis
 * Sesake

Typology follows Subject Object Verb order as is observed in Nguna

Verbs and Verb Classes
Verbs are prefixed with other stems that enable them to be differentiated at the morphological level

Two types of Intransitive Verbs:

A Verbs: Actor Subject

U Verbs: Experiencer Subject

Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verb accessorize main verbs in a pre-verbal complex

Copular Pi
The copular pi can introduce a predicate nominal or adjective

Ex: mai | pi |afsak

come | be | turtle

Translation: "Then she became a turtle", in this case the predicate nominal "turtle" is introduced by the "pi"

Ex: mai | pi | boring a

come | be | boring

Translation: "It got boring", in this case the adjective, boring, describing the situation is also introduced by the "pi"

Interrogative Intonation
Intonation plays a crucial role in defining a phrase as interrogative, in this case, a characteristic rise and subsequent fall is observed in the last word (often in English this is seen as a rise in the last word of an interrogative phrase)

Go
The Efate word 'go' is analogous to the English 'and' in that it connects two clauses

Ex: taos | apap | nigmam | go | mama | nigmam | pak | talmat.

follow | father | 1p.POS |and | mother |1p.POS | to | garden

Translation: We then followed our father and our mother to the garden

Na
Na is a purposive word that indicates the purpose of an action

Ex: totan | na | fam

sit | PURP | eat

Translation: You sit in order to eat