User:PanagiotisZois/sandbox4

Contemporary reviews

 * 1) https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/orca-1200423954/
 * 2) https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,915226,00.html
 * 3) https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/07/21/orca-a-monstrous-vinyl-bust/d311b3f0-76ff-4756-bfc9-cac151e617fe/
 * 4) https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19770724.1.48&srpos=8&e=---en--20--1--txt-txIN-orca+rampling-PAGE--1

Retrospective Reviews

 * 1) https://gizmodo.com/orca-1977-retro-review-killer-whale-jaws-revenge-saga-1850560457
 * 2) https://ew.com/article/2008/04/11/orca-ambiguous/
 * 3) https://www.dreadcentral.com/editorials/456905/orca-taught-us-long-ago-not-to-mess-with-the-ocean/
 * 4) https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/333458/this-day-in-horror-history-orca-was-released-in-1977/
 * 5) https://www.fangoria.com/original/a-whale-of-a-time-revisiting-orca-the-killer-whale/
 * 6) https://www.irishnews.com/arts/2023/08/04/news/cult_movies_orca_a_whale-y_enjoyable_romp_through_creaky_deep_sea_cliche_s-3493217/
 * 7) https://www.slashfilm.com/1296100/whales-revolting-against-humanity-forgotten-jaws-rip-off-warned-us/
 * 8) https://collider.com/best-movies-about-whales-free-willy-blackfish/
 * 9) https://screenrant.com/jaws-movie-knock-offs/
 * 10) https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/16/archives/orca-whale-film-flounders.html
 * 11) https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3735067/orca-the-killer-whale-one-of-the-few-jaws-knockoffs-that-stands-on-its-own/
 * 12) https://uproxx.com/movies/13-jaws-ripoffs/
 * 13) https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3348862/jaws-week-worst-jaws-ripoffs/3/

Novel

 * 1) https://www.amazon.com/Orca-Arthur-Herzog-III/dp/0595275699
 * 2) https://russmadison.com/2016/07/03/book-review-orca-starts-with-a-bang-ends-on-ice/
 * 3) https://manorvellum.medium.com/the-deep-guts-diving-into-orca-4e70854ebeb3

Newspapers

 * 1) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/334969844/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22 (Pocket Books release in May 1977)
 * 2) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/78020142/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22 (To soon be a movie)
 * 3) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/879863547/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22
 * 4) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/471830624/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22
 * 5) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/383295460/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22 (Herzog "pocketed a tidy sum" to write the novel, which is described as "tied in with [the film]".)
 * 6) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/245798284/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22 (Novel brief review)
 * 7) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/910857214/?match=1&terms=%22orca%22%20and%20%22arthur%20herzog%22 ("best-selling novel")

https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-daily-star-arthur-herzog-talks-o/146814003/

The novel is described as "selling well" in July 1977, around the time of the film's release.

Herzog described the novel as being "an adventure story in the Jack London style", being the first adventure novel he has written.

Around January 1976, Dino de Laurentiis approarched Herzog with a "rough script" of Orca and tasked him with writing a novelization.

Herzog wrote the book in April 1976.

To write the novel, Herzog read non-fiction books about whales, phoned aquariums to gain information, and interviewed an "aquatic expert" in Newfoundland.

Production

 * 1) https://web.tribuncare.com/
 * 2) https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/12/03/the-heady-sunrise-of-robert-towne/7fc01fef-ce80-4465-91bd-aa8462f5bf86/
 * 3) https://dragonfly.eco/works-arthur-herzog/
 * 4) https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/mar/16/3

The scenes in Malta were filmed at Malta Film Studios.
 * 1) https://www.facebook.com/MaltaFilmStudios/posts/1698977786788843/


 * 1) https://www.google.de/books/edition/Of_Orcas_and_Men/CROEDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sampson+in+orca&pg=PT102&printsec=frontcover

Pre-production

 * 1) https://catalog.afi.com/Film/56057-ORCA

The film had a budget of $12 million.

In a July 1976 interview, while Orca was still filming, it was reported that Arthur Herzog's Orca novel "will be a [...] movie", suggesting that the film is an adaptation of Herzog's novel.

Herzog also denied that Orca was inspired by Jaws, instead clarifying that the titular killer whale is "more like King Kong".

Described as an "action-adventure thriller" by The Gazettes Dane Lanken, and as a "monster epic" by St. Catharines Standards Maurice Yacowar, Orca was written by Luciano Vincenzoni and Sergio Donati.

Filming
Orca started filming on June 18, 1976 near St. John's, the capital of Newfoundland, Canada, at Petty Harbour. At the start of filming, Richard Harris, Charlotte Rampling, and Will Sampson had already been cast as the film's leads; Harris stated he was offered the role of Captain Nolan and described it as "the best role [he] was ever offered".

By July 13, filming was still underway in St. John's, with Keenan Wynn joining the cast on July 19. Don "Red" Barry joined the cast in August. By late August, filming was still underway.

In mid-July, filming was planned to move to Malta, with Bo Derek's father coming to Newfoundland to accompany her on the trip there. 

By August 14, filming had moved to Malta.

The final three weeks of filming took place in Malta.

Pre-release reviews
Prior to the film's release, during the early stages of filming, Joseph Gelmis described the film as "an attempt to cashi in on the "Jaws" phenomenon", while San Antonio Express stated in July 1976 that the "story is along the lines of Jaws". Yacowar similarly noted that the film's title also references Quint's boat from Jaws. The Tampa Tribune also noted the similarities between the two films, ironically stating that "at least [Orca's] cast doesn't echo [that of Jaws]".

Score and music

 * 1) https://www.soundtrack.net/album/orca-remastered-edition/ (Interview)

Music

 * 1) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/290924089/?match=1&terms=%22carol%20connors%22%20and%20%22orca%22
 * 2) https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/312795557/?match=1&terms=%22carol%20connors%22%20and%20%22orca%22

DVD Release

 * 1) https://bleedingcool.com/movies/orca-the-killer-whale-blu-ray-scream-factory/