User:Parisornthep/sandbox

Evaluation of the Quercus rubra page
Everything is relevant to the article topic; there was no distracting information. The article was neutral, explaining red oak traits, uses, and specimens. No viewpoints are over or underrepresented. In checking citations, one link did not work correctly but the rest did. Those that worked supported the article claims. Facts are generally referenced with a good reference. Sources seem to be neutral. Nothing seems to be missing on the page that needs to be added, although maybe more detail/information could be included to better extend the article. None of the information is too out of date (sources from the 1990s and later). Some conversations are going on about making information easier to find and making various edits regarding certain facts in the article. It's rated as Start class and Mid-importance.

Potential Topics and Areas of Improvement

 * Absorption of Water - rewrite; implications and evolution of structures for water absorption in plants
 * Plant stem cell - expand more on current research/potential applications of plant stem cells
 * Inflorescence - add section on inflorescence development, architecture, etc.
 * Resin - why and how is resin made

Inflorescence
After considering the article critique guidelines/questions, it seems that the Inflorescence page could use expansion on current research being done on it today (inflorescence development, architecture, and more). Others on the talk page have suggested errors are still in the article, so the article could probably be reviewed and corrected as necessary. It seems that the page currently only has the basics of inflorescences (that is, the different types), and more detail about inflorescences, especially about their role in research, could help improve the article significantly.

Draft of Inflorescence Edits
Overall: page is missing much detail in a variety of areas that would help better explain and describe the development and role of inflorescences. Most of the page is basic definitions of the different types of inflorescences possible. These details, described below, will further expand the page and provide a more comprehensive overview of inflorescences. It will also tie more general flower development topics to inflorescence development.

Inflorescence Patterning Genes that Direct Inflorescence Development (in Arabidopis) Inflorescence and Environmental Influences Meristems Issues with Inflorescence Identification
 * Indeterminate patterning of flowers are derived from determinate flowers. It is suggested that indeterminate flowers have a shared/common mechanism that prevents terminal flower growth. This mechanism arose independently multiple times in different species based on phylogenetic analyses.
 * Genes that regulate floral meristem identity play major roles in determining inflorescence architecture - this is because their expression domain will direct where the plant's flowers are formed.
 * Inflorescence architecture affects and is affected by quality/quantity of offspring from selfing/outcrossing, as this architecture influences pollination success
 * LEAFY (LFY) is a gene that promotes floral meristem identity. It regulates inflorescence development in Arabidopsis; alterations in timing of LFY expression - temporal control - (for other plant species, there exists genes with similar roles as LFY) can cause formation of different inflorescences in the plant.
 * Similar to LFY are genes like APETALA1 (AP1); for both LFY, AP1, and similar genes, mutations can cause conversion of flowers into shoots
 * In contrast to LEAFY, genes like terminal flower (TFL) support the activity of an inhibitor that prevents flowers from growing on the inflorescence apex (flower primordium initiation), maintaining inflorescence meristem identity.
 * New studies ongoing for homologs of these genes in other flower species
 * Link to ABC model of flower development for LFY and TFL
 * Link to Arabidopsis
 * Inflorescence-feeding insect herbivores shape inflorescences in that they reduce lifetime fitness (how much flowering occurs), seed production by the inflorescences, and plant density, among other traits.
 * In the absence of this herbivory, inflorescences usually produce more flower heads, seeds, etc.
 * Temperature can also shape inflorescence development.
 * Shift from vegetative to reproductive phase of a flower involves development of a inflorescence meristem that generates floral meristems.
 * Inflorescence architecture depends on which meristems becomes flowers and which become shoots.
 * There exists some plants with flower/inflorescence intermediates - that is, some reproductive structures of certain flowers seem to be transitional between inflorescences and flowers. This issue can cause it to be difficult to categorize and identify the structure as one or the other.

Genetic Basis
Genes that shape inflorescence development have been studied at great length in Arabidopsis. LEAFY (LFY) is a gene that promotes floral meristem identity, regulating inflorescence development in Arabidopsis. Any alterations in timing of LFY expression can cause formation of different inflorescences in the plant. Genes similar in function to LFY include APETALA1 (AP1). Mutations in LFY, AP1, and similar promoting genes can cause conversion of flowers into shoots. In contrast to LEAFY, genes like terminal flower (TFL) support the activity of an inhibitor that prevents flowers from growing on the inflorescence apex (flower primordium initiation), maintaining inflorescence meristem identity. Both types of genes help shape flower development in accordance with the ABC model of flower development. Studies have been recently conducted or are ongoing for homologs of these genes in other flower species.

Environmental Influences
Inflorescence-feeding insect herbivores shape inflorescences by reducing lifetime fitness (how much flowering occurs), seed production by the inflorescences, and plant density, among other traits. In the absence of this herbivory, inflorescences usually produce more flower heads and seeds. Temperature can also variably shape inflorescence development. High temperatures can impair the proper development of flower buds or delay bud development in certain species, while in others, an increase in temperature can hasten inflorescence development.

Meristems and Inflorescence Architecture
The shift from the vegetative to reproductive phase of a flower involves the development of a inflorescence meristem that generates floral meristems. Plant inflorescence architecture depends on which meristems becomes flowers and which become shoots. Consequently, genes that regulate floral meristem identity play major roles in determining inflorescence architecture because their expression domain will direct where the plant's flowers are formed.

On a larger scale, inflorescence architecture affects the quality and quantity of offspring from selfing and outcrossing, as the architecture can influence pollination success. For example, Asclepias inflorescences have been shown to have an upper size limit, shaped by self-pollination levels due to crosses between inflorescences on the same plant or between flowers on the same inflorescence. In Aesculus sylvatica, it has been shown that the most common inflorescence sizes are correlated with the highest fruit production as well.

* (insert sentence below into article section on indeterminate flowers)*

In simple inflorescences, the indeterminate patterning of flowers is derived from determinate flowers. It is suggested that indeterminate flowers have a common mechanism that prevents terminal flower growth. Based on phylogenetic analyses, this mechanism arose independently multiple times in different species.

Issues with Inflorescence Identification
Some species have flower and inflorescence intermediates. In these cases, some reproductive structures of certain flowers appear as transitional between inflorescences and flowers, making it difficult to accurately categorize and identify the structure as one or the other. For example, the Potamogeton genus of the family Potamogetonaceae are considered to have inflorescences than appear like an individual flower.