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Virginia Museum Theater
During his tenure leading the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Leslie Cheek Jr oversaw construction of the first addition, built in 1954 by Merrill C. Lee, Architects, of Richmond. The wing, funded in part by Paul Mellon, included a 500-seat theater. In keeping with his using design and music to enhance the settings of exhibits, Cheek had gained board approval to construct this theater as part of this addition. It would provide space for community theater, as well as for annual programs of the Virginia societies for dance, music, and film, all within a central cultural facility.

The 500-seat proscenium theater was originally built in 1955 and known as the Virginia Museum Theatre. It was designed under the supervision of director Cheek, a Harvard/Yale-educated architect. He consulted with Yale Drama theater engineers Donald Oenslager and George Izenour for design and technology at the state-of-the-art facility.

In addition to directing the museum, Cheek directed the theater arts division in the museum and developed the community theater. He used this division to bring the performing arts to the art galleries. It also hosted programs of the Virginia Film Society.
 * Leslie Cheek Jr (1955-1968)

Through the 1960s, the Virginia Museum Theater (VMT) hosted a museum-sponsored volunteer or "community theater" company, under the direction of Robert Telford. The company presented subscription seasons of live drama to thousands annually. Local players and occasional guest professionals offered musicals (Peter Pan, e.g.), dramas (Peter Shaffer's The Royal Hunt of the Sun), and classics (Shakespeare's Hamlet).

VMT also served as a venue for annual programs of the Virginia Music Society, Virginia Dance Society, and Virginia Film Society. Special programs were also arranged. Cheek retired from the museum in 1968, but he served as an adviser to the VMFA trustees about the next director of the theater arts division.

In 1969 Keith Fowler was appointed as artistic director of VMT. Under Fowler, VMT continued to serve as the venues for programs of the Virginia Dance, Film and Music societies. He is known for having expanded and upgraded the live theater operations, establishing Richmond's first resident Actors Equity/LORT company. Both community actors and New-York based professionals became part of this. a troupe that included core members Marie Goodman Hunter, Janet Bell, Lynda Myles, E.G. Marshall, Ken Letner, James Kirkland, Rachael Lindhart, and dramaturg M. Elizabeth Osborn.
 * Keith Fowler (1969-1977)

Fowler retained a focus on classics and musicals, but added an emphasis on new plays and U.S. premieres of foreign works. His debut production in 1969, Marat/Sade, was produced with the first racially integrated company on the VMT stage. While the production was praised by two Richmond newspapers, the editorial of the afternoon Richmond News Leader criticized Fowler for "latitudinarianism."

The company became known as VMT Rep (for "repertory"). Fowler attracted national notice in 1973 with his production of Macbeth, starring E.G. Marshall. Critic Clive Barnes of The New York Times hailed it as the "'Fowler Macbeth'... "splendidly vigorous... probably the goriest Shakespearean production I have seen since Peter Brook's 'Titus Andronicus'." As Fowler heightened the professional quality of the theater, VMT led Richmond into what some recall as a golden age of theater.

The company commissioned and produced eight American and World premieres, introducing new plays by Romulus Linney and A.R. Gurney, as well as by major foreign authors, such as Harold Pinter, Joe Orton, Athol Fugard, and Peter Handke. In 1975 the Soviet Arts Consul provided coverage on Moscow Television for Fowler's U.S premiere of Maxim Gorky's Our Father (originally Poslednje in Russian). This VMT production transferred to New York City, where it premiered at the Manhattan Theater Club.

Over eight years, VMT's subscription audience increased from 4,300 to 10,000 patrons. Fowler resigned in 1977 after a dispute with VMFA administration over the content in VMT's premiere of Romulus Linney's Childe Byron.

Artistic director Tom Markus renamed the company and its playhouse as "TheatreVirginia." As with all American professional not-for-profit performing arts organizations, TheatreVirginia ran mounting deficits for years. Its financial issues were made more complicated by its dependence on state funding.
 * Tom Markus (1978-1985)

The deficits had been underwritten by trustees but a study in 1987 showed that it was difficult for the theatre company directors to deal with a board that was essentially constituted to oversee the art museum. In addition, in the late 1980s, the city of Richmond was still characterized as having a "historical resistance" to the offerings of a full-fledge professional theatre.

By the early 21st century, TheatreVirginia had to find a new home. The art museum insisted on regaining the theatre's space at the close of the 2002-2003 season, for its own use for exhibits and storage. The theatre had been invited as an anchor tenant in the planned Virginia Performing Arts Center, to be housed in the Carpenter Center downtown. But that space would not be ready until 2007.

In August 2002 artistic director Benny Soto Ambush announced that TheatreVirginia would have sporadic productions into 2007, pending its relocation to permanent space. But the theatre was adversely affected by cuts to state funding, and fear because of [[DC sniper attacks|sniper attacks in northern Virginia in October reduced audiences and income during the season's first production, Tamer of Horses. (Five people were killed in October 2002 in Virginia, and more in DC and Maryland.)

On December 22, 2002, the Board decided to close TheatreVirginia, the major resident Equity theatre in the city. It had been unable to find an alternate location before the Virginia Performing Arts Center would be completed, or funding to help through this difficult period.

But the Virginia Museum Theatre had led the way. By late 2002 there were several theaters with ties to Equity in Richmond: Theater IV, a family theater; and Barksdale Theatre shared administration. The latter is downtown as is Triangle Players. Other theaters with Equity ties are Essential Theatre and Firehouse Theatre. With the closing of TheatreVirginia, Triangle Players and Barksdale collaborated to mount its planned production in spring 2003 of the play, The Laramie Project, which had already been cast and designed. It gained high praise in its three-week run in March 2003.



For eight years the theater was dormant. The museum directors decidedd to renovate it as a live performance space and it was reopened in 2011, named the Leslie Cheek Theater in honor of its early director. The theater's reopening has returned live performing arts to the heart of the Virginia Museum. The Leslie Cheek Theater does not support a resident company, but is available for bookings of special theater, music, film, and dance showings.

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Ideas
Cherokee Mounds and Towns - Dec 2020 (Benjamin A. Steere)
 * Added to overall view of several mound acquisitions and plans for Nikwasi Trail along the Little Tennessee River, primarily in Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) article, which covers the larger program. Also added content and cites to articles on Cowee, Nikwasi and Kituwah mounds.


 * Write article for Watauga Mound and village, purchased 2020 by Mainspring Conservation, N of Franklin and S of Little Tennessee River; protected by conservation easements
 * Nikwasi mound, 3 miles upstream on Little TN River in Franklin - deeded to Nikwasi Initiative of the EBCI, 2019
 * Biltmore Mound, S of Swannonoa River, before confluence with French Broad - within the Biltmore Estate
 * Jasper Allen Mound, destroyed
 * Notley Mound and village site (31CE5)
 * Coweeta Creek site (31MA34), exc 1965-1971 - UNC RLA, 6 stages of a townhouse that stood to late 17th/early 18th c. , Rodning  (2009), the townhouse, town plaza, and domestic houses placed around the edges of the plaza postdate European contact & emphasize permanence amid destabilizing influence. Considerably south (upriver) of Franklin, Nikwasi, Watauga and Cowee. Est in 1500s, abandoned for much of 16th c., resettled in early to mid 17th c. on larger scale; last townhouse in early 18th c.(per new radiocarbon dating)
 * Warren Wilson site, at Warren Wilson College
 * Cowee, 4 miles downstream of Watauga Mound on Little TN River, acquired by EBCI in 2007 with Mainspring
 * Kituwah Mound, on Tuckaseegee River, acquired by EBCI in 1996
 * Tallulah Mound, Robbinsville, NC, acquired by EBCI in 1996

Contemporary politics

 * Joseph Delpit, b. Baton Rouge, Jan 9, 1940, civil rights activist and politician - elected as first Black to Metropolitan Council (late 1960s, or 1970?) In 1975 Delpit was elected as a representative to the state house, and served an "unprecedented" three terms. He was elected in 1984 by his colleagues as the first Black Speaker Pro Tempore (the first black in this position) of the state house. He later returned to the State House, retiring in January 1992. Elected to Southern University's Sports Hall of Fame in 2009. Owner of the Chicken Shack, the oldest continually operating business in the city, as of 2015.


 * (2016) “Why I ...” is a new ongoing series for the Wikimedia Blog. We want to hear what motivates you to contribute to Wikimedia sites: send us an email at blogteam[at]wikimedia[dot]org if you know of someone who wants to share their story about what gets them to write articles...


 * Sally Hemings: A Novel (1979), novel by Barbara Chase-Riboud, described as the first fully imagined fictional portrayal of Hemings. Odd - a bestseller with more than 1.5 million internationally, several printings, 1994, 2000, 2009, and no separate article on her book and its reception - it was a big influence culturally. CBS quashed their plans for a made-for-TV series adaptation from the novel, due to major historians' objections and pressure on network president William S. Paley.


 * Sally Hemings: An American Scandal (2000), by Tina Andrews, a CBS TV mini-series about Jefferson-Hemings, made more than 20 years after CBS quashed a previous plan to adapt Chase-Riboud's novel for a series. This series was made after the 1998 Y-DNA study of Hemings and Jefferson male descendants, which excluded the Carrs and showed a match with the Jefferson line. No major historian took issue with the basic plot based on the 38-year relationship. There is now a widespread consensus among historians acknowledging the relationship, although a minority denies it.


 * William Morgan, Sr., Navajo linguist and informant, collaborator with Robert W. Young for decades, and contributing to several major works on the language. Wall, Leon and William Morgan (1994), Navajo-English Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-0247-4. Reprint of 1958 original compiled for the BIA.


 * Sharon Monteith, contemporary cultural critic and author

Women fur traders

 * Therese Marcot Schindler (Odawa/Ottawa), fur trader at Mackinac Island - sisters Magdelaine Laframboise (born Marcot) and Catherine Marcot Cadotte, wife of John Baptiste Jr., as he was commonly known), were also in the fur trade, Magdelaine also on Mackinac. John Johnston's wife was based with him in Sault Ste. Marie. All the women were at least part Native American in ancestry and were culturally Indian: Odawa and Ojibwe. Therese Marcot was married at 15 to a French-Canadian voyageur, Pierre Lasalière. He left her and their daughter Marianne. In 1804, she married again to George Schindler, a well-respected trader on Mackinac Island. Catherine Cadotte and John Johnston's wife Susan (existing article on her) both resided at Sault Ste. Marie.


 * Elizabeth Mitchell (fur trader) (c.1760-18, Odawa), born Elizabeth Bertrand (mixed-blood), wife of Dr. David Mitchell, a physician and fur trader, was partner with her husband in the trade on Mackinac Island. She managed a retail store and fur trade for 10 years there after he and their oldest son moved to Drummond Island following the War of 1812, when the British left Mackinac Island. Her husband is written about at length in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, with considerable material included about Elizabeth. "As a token of appreciation for her assistance in recruiting Ottawa allies for the British during the War of 1812, the authorities granted her an allowance of £50 a year for two years. The Ojibwas also respected her highly. In November 1814 they presented her with a deed to Round Island, their traditional burying ground located half a mile southeast of Mackinac."


 * Inter-Tribal Michigan Indian Council, Inc. - now represents 11 of 12 federally recognized tribes in the state

African Americans
Contemporary:
 * Odette Harper Hines - civil rights activist, moved from NY to Alexandria, LA in 1946; housed civil rights workers in 1964


 * Edward "Ed" Johnson (mayor), retired US navy commander, pastor and politician; three-term president of local NAACP; in 2011 he was the first black elected to Fayetteville, GA city council (and second to any elected office in the county after 2004 election of Chief Magistrate Judge); 2015 he was first black elected as as mayor of the city


 * Warren Logan
 * Adele Logan Alexander, grand-daughter of the Logans, based in NY and DC, historian at GWU


 * William Harold Flowers, pioneering attorney and activist in Arkansas in 1940s; founded Congress for Negro Organizations and ran a voter registration drive in the 1940s that increased black voters tenfold (from about 4,000 to 47,000 by the end of the decade). He and his wife Margaret had nine children; two became attorneys and one of those is a state senator.
 * Dr. Thomas Brewer, 1894-1956, Columbus, Georgia, assassinated for civil rights activities (in New GA Encyclopedia), including court challenge to GA's white primaries, which was overturned in King v. Chapman et al. (1945 and 1946)
 * Pelicia Hall, first woman appointed as Commissioner of Mississippi Department of Corrections, March 2017, attorney with experience in the dept.
 * James Oliver Horton, Benjamin Banneker Professor Emeritus of American Studies and History, George Washington University
 * Isaac Henry Nutter, (1878-1959), younger brother of T. Gillis Nutter (WVA state rep), first black attorney in Atlantic City, NJ; worked as civil and criminal defense lawyer; Republican, then went to Democrats with Al Smith in 1928
 * Jacqueline Tarry, part of collaborative of McCallum and Tarry -he's got his own article; she deserves one, too

Historic
-Robert L. Harris, Jr., “Charleston’s Free Afro-American Elite: The Brown Fellowship Society and the Humane Brotherhood,” The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 82 no. 4 (1981); -Junius P. Rodriguez, ed., Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1 (Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2007); http://www.nps.gov/history/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/sysMeaningC.htm - See more at: http://www.blackpast.org/aah/brown-fellowship-society-1790-1945#sthash.aa9ZXGyE.dpuf -E. Horace Fitchett, "The Status of the Free Negro in Charleston, South Carolina, and His Descendants in Modern Society: Statement of the Problem", The Journal of Negro History 32(4), October 1947: 443. -E. Horace Fitchett, “The Traditions of the Free Negro in Charleston, South Carolina,” The Journal of Negro History 25(2), April 1940. -“Brown Fellowship Society (1790–1945),” -“The Brown Fellowship Society,”
 * Brown Fellowship Society, Charleston, SC (1790-1945)


 * Franklin Riot - July 6, 1867, Franklin, Tennessee. Union League blacks came to the square in the evening to disband, rather than hold a torchlight procession as planned. They were ambushed by Conservatives. Accounts differed as to who shot first and the total number of casualties, but most say a white man named Cody fired the first shot. The Memphis Daily Appeal said that 35 Union League blacks had been wounded, some mortally, after they shot into a crowd of whites and fire was returned. Both the Nashville Daily Press and Times and the New York Times reported that a white man, Michael Cody, Jr., had shot first, and the Union League men were ambushed by shots fired by a white crowd on the square, and from buildings around the square. They returned fire, but soon withdrew. Afterward a large group of whites gathered at the square. But the next day US Army 45th regulars arrived from Nashville, and there was no more immediate violence.

Underground Railroad in NY

 * Louis Napoleon (activist), furniture polisher in New York - subject of new 2015 books by Eric Foner (see next) and Scharfstein about the Underground Railroad in NY.
 * Charles B. Ray, a black minister. Between 1830 and 1860, with the secret help of black dockworkers, the network led by these two men and Sydney Howard Gay, a white abolitionist newspaper editor, helped 3,000 refugees to liberty via the Underground Railroad ('forwarded' to freedom). Eric Foner, Gateway to Freedom (2015), based on Gay's Record found in his papers at Columbia U in 2007.

Brooklyn leaders
From "When Slavery and Its Foes Thrived in Brooklyn", NY Times:
 * Elizabeth Gloucester, one of the wealthiest women in the US at her death in 1883 - highlighted in 2-part essay on Brownstoner blog
 * James W.C. Pennington

Independent
Kent Anderson Leslie, Woman of Color, Daughter of Privilege: Amanda America Dickson, 1849-1893 (University of Georgia Press, 1995), ebook
 * Amanda America Dickson, mixed-race daughter of slave Julia and white planter David Dickson in Hancock County, GA. He treated her as his daughter, having her educated and helping her marry well. "She lived outside the categories of race in a world that defined itself by class." He bequeathed all his estate and property to Amanda. She withstood court challenges and the trial attracted press coverage from as far as New York and Cleveland. At its conclusion in 1885, she was the "wealthiest colored woman alive". After having divorced her first husband and returned to her father's house, after the trial she moved to Augusta, Georgia and built a mansion. She became the second wife of Nathan Toomer, father of writer Jean Toomer, from his first marriage. She died a few years after their marriage.


 * Mary Turner - add separate article on the "1918 Brooks County, Georgia lynching rampage" to add more about background and all other victims; associated murders were committed both in Lowndes and Brooks counties.


 * Shooting of Sam Faulkner, 1927 Los Angeles - shot by two rogue black officers. City of Inmates and other sources. http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b039-i375 Letter by Chief Davis to the NAACP.

1851 Christiana Resistance
Events in which a white man was killed in southern Maryland during local white and African-American resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. 38 men were indicted but only one was tried, and he was quickly acquitted. The government dropped the prosecution of others. Parker left for Canada, and remained there. The tension between the slave states and free states was substantial. The trials that resulted from Christiana were one of the first significant tests of the Fugitive Slave Law. That law had been strengthened by Congress to gain passage of the Compromise of 1850, an attempt to keep balance between free and slave states. (Add more from article)

The four slaves had escaped from Edward Gorsuch's plantation in Maryland in November 1847. They fled to Lancaster County, MD, and had settled into the Christiana area, working on local farms, owned by both free blacks and whites. After the law was passed, Gorsuch got a warrant from a US Commissioner, and in Sept. 1851 went to Parker's farm, based on information he had been given that his slaves were there.

The defense team for Castner Hanway included Thaddeus Stevens, who had defended many fugitive slaves (who were tried under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850). They mocked the prosecution's charge that a local Quaker farmer had been planning to overthrow the federal government. A co-counsel of Stevens noted that the US reached from ocean to ocean, and was 3,000 miles wide. he said it was “ridiculously absurd” to think that an incident that occurred between a cornfield and an orchard was a treasonous attempt to “overturn” the federal government. The federal government had tried to prosecute the men of the resistance for treason.

Congressional districts in the South
Especially political history that shows effects of disenfranchisement of blacks after Reconstruction. New issues in 21st century with Republican legislatures passing laws since 2013 that suppress voters who are likely to vote Democratic: Jul-Aug 2016 federal district court or Appeals Court rulings: Ohio, Kansas, Texas, North Carolina, Wisconsin, North Dakota

Afro-Caribbean issues

 * Richard Tucker, founder in 1832 of the black Young Men's Friendly Lodge in Hamilton, Bermuda just prior to the abolition of slavery, effective August 1834. In the case of the Enterprise, in Feb. 1835, je got a writ of habeas corpus from the court to force the ship's master to release the slaves for interviews, to determine if they wanted to stay in Bermuda or return with the ship to the US and slavery. (Most chose to stay ad became free.) He continued as a community organizer and businessman in Bermuda.
 * Thomas Butterfield (justice), Chief Justice, Bermuda Supreme Court, freed 72 slaves on Feb. 18, 1835 in the American Enterprise (slave ship) case.


 * Race riots in Liverpool and other ports, 1919 - postwar labor and social unrest in Great Britain, some of which involved Afro-Caribbeans in the country who were veterans

Native Americans

 * ATNI - Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians, founded 1953 during Congressional and federal pressure for termination of tribes- initially made up of Salish tribes of Plateau and Coastal areas


 * Sophia Alice Callahan (Creek), first Native American woman novelist in US: Wynema, a Child of the Forest (1891) (which was reprinted in 1997). It dramatized the issue of tribal allotments and breakup of communal lands. Includes chapter, "Shall We Allot?" and the answer is "no." Mixes conventions. Callahan had become a teacher in Muskogee, Oklahoma, at the Harrell International Institute, a private Methodist high school for both Indian and white children, where she also edited Harrell's journal, Our Brother in Red (Ruoff xvi). Also, Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary, Gretchen M. Bataille, Laurie Lisa, Routledge, Jun 12, 2001 (article initiated by other editors)


 * George Bushotter (1864-1892), the first Lakota ethnographer -Margot Liberty, American Indian Intellectuals of the Nineteenth and Early ..., History, CHAPTER SEVEN: GEORGE BUSHOTTER THE FIRST LAKOTA ETHNOGRAPHER, 1978 ‎


 * Paul DeMain (Ojibwe/Oneida), journalist and managing editor of News from Indian Country, a bi-weekly newspaper published online, which he founded in 1986. Received awards for independent journalism and work on murders at Pine Ridge Reservation (Anna Mae Aquash and others)


 * Ignace Hayden Garry, last traditional chief of the Coeur d'Alene, serving from 1935 until his death in 1965. Since then leaders have been elected democratically.


 * Joe Garry (Joseph), son of Ignace, politician and "paper warrior", the first Native American elected to the Idaho State House; also served as elected chief of the Coeur d'Alene for 10 years. He is the first enrolled Native American to serve in Idaho state legislature, was president of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) for six terms during the period of termination, and president of the Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians, founded to counter termination; chairman of the Coeur d'Alene Tribal Council, and a veteran of World War II and the Korean War. He was named as "Outstanding Indian of North America" for 1957 (David Arnold, "Review", John Fahey. Saving the Reservation: Joe Garry and the Battle to Be Indian, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-295-98153-6, p. 111). Published on H-AmIndian (October, 2002) His wife served as head of the Democratic Committee in Idaho.


 * Jeanne Givens (Coeur d'Alene), grand-daughter of Ignace Garry and niece of Joseph Garry, politician and first Native American woman elected to Idaho State House (1982, served for 4 years); later had appointments (including presidential) to boards, etc. She is married to Ray Givens.


 * Rebecca McIntosh Hawkins Hagerty (Creek), daughter of chief William McIntosh; by 1860 she was the richest woman in Texas, owning 12,800 acres and 120 slaves on three plantations in East Texas.


 * Clara Neptune Keezer (Passamaquoddy, 1930-2016), basketweaver, NEA National Heritage Fellowship Award, 2002


 * Patti Jo King (Cherokee) historian and scholar, Interim Chair of American Indian Studies at Bacone College


 * Life Among the Paiutes: Their Wrongs and Claims (1883), by Sarah Winnemucca (Northern Paiute) is notable as the "first known autobiography written by a Native American woman." Her book is both a memoir and history of her people during their first 40 years of contact with European Americans. Anthropologist Omer C. Stewart described it as "one of the first and one of the most enduring ethno-historical books written by an American Indian," frequently cited by scholars. Very significant academically


 * Dennis McAuliffe, journalist and writer, former Nieman Fellow and assistant foreign editor of the Washington Post. Since investigating the 1925 death of his Osage grandmother during the "Reign of Terror" in Oklahoma and publishing The Deaths of Sybil Bolton: An American History (1994) and Bloodland: A Family Story of Oil, Greed and Murder on the Osage Reservation (1999), he has become an enrolled Osage member. He has been active in teaching Native American students in journalism. From 2003-2009, he led "Reznet," a website he founded to teach and mentor journalism online to Native American students at a variety of universities; he also teaches at the University of Montana and in the summer American Indian Journalism Institute.


 * Seminole people:


 * Patsy West, co-author of A Seminole Legend, director of the Seminole/Miccosukee Photographic Archive in Ft. Lauderdale, is a noted ethnohistorian and an active preservationist. She has won awards for her historical series, "Reflections," published in the Seminole Tribune since 1985. She wrote The Enduring Seminoles: From Alligator Wrestling to Ecotourism (UPF, 1998), which received the Harry T. and Harriet V. Moore Award for best social and ethnographic history from the Florida Historical Society, and a certificate of commendation from the American Association of State and Local Historians. She lives in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.


 * Betty Mae Tiger Jumper - done
 * Buffalo Tiger - expanded 5x (14 Aug. 2014)

Native American history

 * John Montgomery Cooper, Catholic priest and anthropologist, from 1935 the first head of the department of anthropology (which he created) at Catholic University, author of Analytical and Critical Bibliography of the Tribes of Tierra del Fuego and Adjacent Territory, described as a "complete ethnography of the Tierra del Fuegians." Wrote about these tribes from the literature, although he never went to South America. Also very interested in North American tribes, mostly Algonquian of Canada. Active in American Anthropological Association. Contributed to the Smithsonian's The Handbook of South American Indians, Vol. I and II, as well as many papers at conferences and in journals. Had a work on the Atsina Indians published, and was noted for his theory of the Algonquian family hunting ground system (1939 paper). The reviewer considers the general American lack of interest in historical anthropology (although Cooper was interested in history) and regrets their inability to read German, as German scholars had already dealt with some important issues by the Culture Historical Method. (The decisive question was not whether a culture was more "primitive" or not, but whether it was older.)

As a seminarian he was sent to Rome to complete his philosophical and theological studies. After six years, he received his PhD and STD degrees; was ordained in Rome in 1905. Had his first parish in Washington, DC and used to go canoeing in Canada in the summers, coming to know various Algonquian tribes. Studied informally at the Smithsonian and was encouraged by its scholars. In 1923 he was invited to lecture on anthropology in the Dept. of Sociology at the Catholic University, in 1928 was made a full professor of anthropology, and head/founder of the dept. In 1926 he founded the Catholic Anthropological Conference, to encourage missionaries to record and publish ethnological data. Editor of series of monographs in anthropology at Catholic; editor of quarterly Primitive Man, encouraged contributions by non-Catholics as well as Catholics.

Political activism

 * Women activists in Guatemala who were supported by GHRC in the 1980s: Carmen Valenzuela, abducted for her human rights work; GHRC pressed for in-depth investigations and prosecutions of cases of Sister Dianna Ortiz, Meredith Larson of Peace Brigades"About", Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA
 * Alice Zachmann, SSND, (born ?? ), founder in 1982 of Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA, based in Washington, DC (first based at Catholic University). Alice Zachmann Human Rights Defender Award of the GHRC was named for her. (Catholic University of America alumna.) In 2010, she received the Catholic University of America James Cardinal Gibbons Medal, the highest alumni award."Father O’Connell Urges Grads: 'Stand By What Is Right'", CUA Magazine, Summer 2010, Vol. 22, No. 2, accessed 14 June 2013

Bermuda

 * Tom Butterfield (museum), founder in 1986 of Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art; opened in new building in 2008 in the Bermuda Botanic Gardens.

Episcopal Church in Alaska
-Charles E. Betticher, Jr. -Episcopal priest and missionary in Alaska, 1905-1915 in the Interior with Archdeacon Hudson Stuck. Had been married; his first wife Lydia died in 1890, and was survived by their daughter. Came "Outside" in 1915 after a decade in Alaska. Later head of church magazine. He married again in the 1920s and had another daughter. His second wife (also a missionary in Alaska and then in the Philippines before their marriage) and daughter survived him.

-Episcopal women missionaries in Alaska, including deaconesses - and the whole deaconess movement in Britain and the US (early 20th c.).

US Treaty of Claims (1853)- settlement, 1855

 * December 1830, brig Comet (slave ship), master Isaac Staples, out of Alexandria, VA bound for New Orleans, with 164 slaves on board, went aground at Abaco Island, Bahamas; wreckers took survivors and captain to Nassau. Although Staples bought a ship to continue his trip, the authorities detained the slaves for alleged violation of the ban against international trade. They were ultimately freed by the Bahamas in Jan. 1831, and the British government resisted claims for compensation.

same source: p. 251 - Appendix: "'If the humanity of the British nation will not be satisfied unless the slaves who are cast on the coasts of their colonies should become free, their justice will require that the property of the shipwrecked stranger shall not be taken to satisfy the demands of humanity without due compensation; and in this case our citizens will not require that any implied faith pledged to the slaves by the act of the Governor shall be violated; they will be content with a moderate valuation.' -- 5 Dec 1831, Mr. Livingston, Sec'y of State, to Martin Van Buren, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain."
 * Brig Encomium (slave ship), February 1834, master Sheffield, bound from Charleston, SC to New Orleans, passengers and cargo, including 45 negro slaves, wrecked near Fish Key, Abaco Island, and all were taken to Nassau by wreckers. The slaves were seized by customs officials from the wreckers and taken to shore. The next day Sheffield was prepared to leave and wrote to the Lt. Gov. of the Bahamas asking "if there was any impediment to taking their slaves with them, and was answered by his secretary that, by so doing, they, as well as others accessory, were liable to be hanged." In discussion with the Lt. Gov by the US Consul, he found the official was acting in regard to the slaves under "an opinion of 1818 by Sir Christopher Robinson and Lord Gifford to the British Secretary of State."

So, 209 slaves freed before Aug. 1834.


 * Brig Enterprise (slave ship), master Smith, which put in at Hamilton, Bermuda because of weather on February 11, 1835. Under examination/interview by the Chief Justice, 72 of 78 slaves said they wished to stay in Bermuda and gain freedom. A woman named Ridgely was allowed to leave with her five children on the ship to continue to New Orleans and slavery. (from other accounts.)

A John Forsyth wrote to Mr. Vail, Aug. 2, 1834, urging him to make the case to the British government for compensation and to argue against an interpretation of the 1807 act that surely "relates to the slave trade, to Africans only" (emphasis in original), that is, to Africans being taken from the continent, "and cannot apply to slaves born in the United States and belonging, for generations, to American citizens, under titles derived from British laws, before the separation of the two countries." p. 252

Another despatch, from Forsyth to Mr. Stevenson, May 19, 1835, urged him to get the government to compensate for these three ships. pp. 252-253


 * Brig Hermosa (slave ship), owned by H.N. Templeman, Captain Chattin, bound from Richmond, VA to New Orleans, carrying 38 slaves, went aground off Abaco island, 1840.


 * Brig Creole, master, bound from Richmond and Hampton Roads, VA to New Orleans, with slave revolt in November 1841, forced to put in at Nassau, Bahamas. Taken to court by action of Bahamian locals under habeas corpus, 128 of 135 slaves chose freedom in the Bahamas (two of the 19 conspirators died before gaining freedom in April 1842; the others were freed in November.) This is considered the largest and must successful slave rebellion of US slaves, gaining freedom for 128.

A total of 447 slaves were freed in these incidents, from 1830-1842: 209 from the Comet and Encomium, and a total of 238 from the Enterprise, Hermosa and Creole.

Laura Leggett Barnes Draft
Laura Leggett Barnes, born Laura Leggett (c. 1880 - 1966), was a horticulturist and educator. She was director of the Arboretum of the Barnes Foundation beginning in 1928. She founded the Arboretum School in 1940, where she taught for many years.

Early life and education
Laura Leggett was born into a well-to-do family in Brooklyn, New York.

Marriage and family
She married Albert C. Barnes, a research chemist, in 1901. They had no children.

Barnes Foundation
Laura Barnes led the development of the Arboretum and horticultural program that are integral to the Barnes Foundation and its setting. In 1928, Barnes appointed her as director of the Arboretum. She regularly corresponded and exchanged plant specimens with other major institutions, such as the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

She founded the Arboretum School in 1940, where she taught as an instructor. She succeeded her husband as president of the Foundation after his death in 1951.

She bequeathed her private art collection to the Brooklyn Museum of Art. Her private collection of rare books on horticulture is held by the Barnes Foundation.

Legacy and honors

 * 1948, she was awarded the Schaffer Memorial Medal from the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.
 * 1955, she became an honorary member of the American Society for Landscape Architects.
 * She was given an honorary doctorate in horticultural science from St. Joseph's University of Philadelphia.

Violette de Mazia
Violette de Mazia (1899-1988)

Robert Bates
First certified black architect in United States; designed the Fisk Building at Claflin University. The Fisk Bldg burned down in 1880s.

====

It's a pleasure to meet you
Hi, Parkwells,

To the best of my recollection, we have never "met" on Wikipedia before, but I was surfing by some essays, which led me to some articles, which led me to some article talk pages, and somewhere during that process I noticed some of your edits, and I decided to visit your talk page to say hello. I get the impression from your talk page here and the edits I saw earlier that you would have a lot of good advice for me about the bibliography on anthropology, human biology, and race that I keep in user space for sharing citations with wikipedians. I'd appreciate any reading suggestions you have on those subjects; I have access to some great library systems and have been checking out quite a few books on those subjects, some of which I have yet to enter into the bibliography as I read them. Thanks for your work on the project. Best wishes for a happy new year. -- WeijiBaikeBianji (talk, how I edit) 01:36, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

Polly Berry, Lucy Delaney and Charlotte Dupuy
Hey there - Saw some of your edits & thought you might be interested in working to improve Polly Berry as it now wears a 'no references' tag. I am interested in a person with similar historical importance, Charlotte Dupuy, the woman who sued Henry Clay in the DC Courts for her freedom. Lucy Delaney's article is better-referenced than her mother's, but with remembrances of the 150th Anniversary of the Civil War approaching, now seems like a good time to me to improve related-articles. Shearonink (talk) 16:26, 4 January 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks for the invite; am definitely interested. I've added Edlie Wong's book as a resource on Charlotte Dupuy's page and will review it to see what it can offer on all these women. See Edlie Wong, Neither Fugitive nor Free: Atlantic Slavery, Freedom Suits, and the Legal Culture of Travel, New York University Press, 2009.


 * You and I are the only people who responded to my editing query about Charlotte Dupuy on the Henry Clay talk page so I am going to go ahead & add a section on Charlotte back into the article sometime within the next few days. Shearonink (talk) 14:40, 9 January 2011 (UTC)


 * Sounds good. The info about her husband being freed by Clay's son (or given time) and their living together again, too.Parkwells (talk) 18:06, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Question about WikiProject South Carolina
Greetings, I noticed in the members list for WikiProject United States you mentioned having an interest in WikiProject South Carolina. I have been watching the WPSC project for a while and it doesn't appear to be very active and I had a proposition for the members to consider. I wanted to ask, do you think that the project would be interested in falling under WikiProject United States to some degree. I am not necessarily talking a full merger unless thats what they want but here is what I mean. This would do a couple things that I think would benefit both projects. Before I go shooting messages to all the members of the project please let me know what thuoghts or ideas you have about this and if the other members would be receptive to this. Thanks in advance. --Kumioko (talk) 16:09, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) The project would stay the way it is except for a couple things. I would like to replace WikiProject South Carolina with WikiProject United States and add WPSC to the list of Projects supported by WPUS. This would include replacing the WPSC template on the talk pages of the articles with WPUS/South Carolina (if you want to see an example you camn look at Washington DC).
 * 2) I would also add it to the list of Projects supported by WPUS on the main WPUS landing page.
 * 1) It would increase visibility of South Carolina and related articles to a much larger user base
 * 2) It would allow WPSC to more easily benefit from the Bots running for WPUS. This includes article alert bot that warns of Articles and Images for deletion or Promotion. This would ensure maximum visibility if an article relating to South Carolina was submitted for deletion or promotion.
 * 3) It would allow the South Carolina related articles to fall under the WPUS and South Carolina scope.
 * 4) It would somewhat reduce the maintenance required by consolidating the templates
 * 5) It would reduce the number of templates visible on the articles
 * 6) In addition to the above, I typically cycle through all the articles in the WPUS scope every month or 2 fixing various things (sections, typos, persondata, categories, etc) and this would allow the South Carolina articles to fall under that much more easily.

Local page created for this weekend's meetup
I just created Meetup/St. Louis to parallel the page on the WP10 site. Easy to watchlist! Hope to see you there. Cheers.--Chaser (talk) 15:21, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Details set. Hope to see you there.--Chaser (talk) 06:11, 14 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for setting that up so fast - a friend has a house in Lanciano, Abruzzi, so I look forward to hearing about your time in Italy.Parkwells (talk) 14:31, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

Question
Hi, I found you by chance, and I like your edits. Could I might interest you in checking out the Murder of Joanna Yeates article.--BabbaQ (talk) 00:11, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

Fanny Fern lede
Hello! Thank you for the great work on the oft-neglected article for Fanny Fern. I'm looking at the lede and wanted to get your opinion. As it is, the first sentence seems especially awkward. I preferred the version that said something to the effect of, "Fanny Fern is the pseudonym of American writer Sara Payson Willis". I also have to take issue that "Fanny Fern" was chosen specifically when she started her full-time work as a columnist; my understanding is that it predates that (the article does not suggest it either way). May I ask where you got that information? --Midnightdreary (talk) 21:22, 19 January 2011 (UTC)


 * Copied above to Talk page of article and responded there. Lede changed and reference found.Parkwells (talk) 22:00, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Edits to Toussaint Louverture
Hi, you undid an edit I made to the Toussaint Louverture page yesterday. Please can you take another look at this. At the moment, some information about Hedouville/Rigaud is appearing twice, which doesn't seem so great. I thought I had said basically the same things about Rigaud in the next section down using a different source, so it would be OK to remove the first one. If you like, we can take the sourced part that you reinstated and try to work it in just there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pen Lewins (talk • contribs) 08:56, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Answered on your page - did not see your edits below; recommend use of Edit summary and/or article Talk page to help others know what you're doing.Parkwells (talk) 13:33, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks, I keep forgetting bits of the protocol! Pen Lewins (talk) 15:41, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Jefferson
Re this - I couldn't agree more - in fact, that's more or less what I tried to say there. I'm not quite sure if you concur with me, or if I gave the wrong impression and you disagree. I added that section to explain why I removed a "But it's not proven! Not! Not!" from the article... --Stephan Schulz (talk) 15:27, 9 February 2011 (UTC)


 * Sorry to drop this in here, just thought maybe you were busy and missed the talk about the changes to the lead; perhaps you could clear up any confusion on the recent changes to it, since it's caused considerable discussion: here.


 * What scholars disagree? I'd say the more ideological writers; the "debate" is not what it once was. So the lead should probably say it's the historical consensus, but the other editors want it reduced (I don't have a problem with its size as it is now). Some of the editors have not read the recent data, and seem to think the debate is where it was in 1998. We should make it clear in the article those scholars who disagree (who're these blokes, how many & why do they disagree). That's tricky to do in the lead because of space. So perhaps we could do it in the Hemings section. At any rate, I'm exhausted from the whole thing: I'm open to your suggestions, as well as those by Stephan Schulz, and any other who's familiar with the facts.


 * This is one of the most important topics on this man, as well as slavery & Native Americans: it's no coincidence these 3 topics had no mention in the lead (Natives still haven't got any despite his Indian Removal policy & role in getting their lands). Ideally the lead should be 4 paragraphs, and lot of stuff in the other paragraphs needs to go. I say we should settle this thing on Hemings, and ensure the rest fulfils the Manual of Style, then improve the article and get it back to good article status. That starts with removing the mythology. Ebanony (talk) 02:59, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

Please check Freedom suits dyk
I love the article, but suggested a change to the hook.

Keep up the good work! Smallbones (talk) 00:21, 19 February 2011 (UTC)


 * I hadn't run into the idea of Freedom Suits before, so your article is very informative. Perhaps you might add Amistad (1841) or even something about Martin Delany (though there is very little documentation on his mother's suit see. Smallbones (talk) 15:35, 20 February 2011 (UTC)


 * Hey Parkwells, did the Freedom suits article get a DYK? I tried to find the DYK? (after seeing the note above on your talk page) but was unable to. Thanks, Shearonink (talk) 06:01, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

DYK for Marguerite (woman of color)
Thanks for this contribution to Wikipedia Victuallers (talk) 18:02, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

DYK for Freedom suits
The DYK project (nominate) 00:03, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

Noticeboard on the Jefferson article
Pardon my edit, but I must inform you that I had to refer an editor to the noticeboard for his fringe theories (not you). Your conduct is fine, but since you were involved in the dispute, I cited your discussion & warnings to him on this matter as well as those of other editors. You can see it here, and if I misquoted/inaccurately posted something involving you, then please say so: Ebanony Just to clarify, I'm not asking you to comment on that page, just to make known any errors I might have made involving your words/edits; I don't want this misconstrued into WP:CANVAS, which it is not. (talk) 08:48, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your notice and pursuing this administratively. I had not explored the options. Yes, you've represented my position. I think we have a responsibility to reflect the scholarship, as I've repeatedly said on the Thomas Jefferson Talk page.Parkwells (talk) 16:48, 5 March 2011 (UTC)


 * Concerning the Jefferson article, I wonder if perhaps we are not as explicit in our wording as we ought concerning Hemings. The Partus article doesn't beat round the bush with what they were doing to the women. But I wonder if the article we worked on avoids certain terminology that it should be employing (I know I tempered myself to avoid further confrontation, but I'm done with that). Also, this was an extremely common practice, and maybe the reason some act suprised is out of ignorance. Just asking your advice/opinion Ebanony (talk) 09:26, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Hi, I understand how you feel, but think we would be going too far to speculate about the relationship, or add much more - there are plenty of links for readers to follow. The interracial relationships in antebellum US have been covered by historians for some time - at least 20 years, including by such scholars as Nell Irvin Painter, so there is plenty available for people who read. I don't think we should overemphasize it in this article. The historian Paul Finkelman wrote an article in 2005 in which he said he took students to Monticello and conducted a survey of visitors. 80% said they were not surprised by the DNA results re: Jefferson-Hemings, so it appears to have been mostly historians who were, and some continue to hold him up as an untouchable/untouching icon. People use the power they have - whether it is wealth, politics, control of jobs, etc., that's for sure.Parkwells (talk) 15:59, 9 March 2011 (UTC)


 * I'm not interested in speculating; I just wanted to mention something on antebellum practices were common. I was unaware of the that study, and if it's understood by the public, then your point on not adding anything further is well taken.


 * I'll find the quote and add it to the article. Think I had it in once.Parkwells (talk) 14:09, 11 March 2011 (UTC)


 * Regarding the noticeboard, he's added some info. I understand he refers to you and Schulz as the 2 other editors who said "no one knows the nature of the Hemings relationship" when he cited this: . Well, we don't know all the details, but I'd say he's taking it too far, and stretching your comments into support for his denials/speculation that Hemings may have begun the relationship. To his claim, I responded . I regret it has come to this, but must inform you and Schulz of it. Ebanony (talk) 02:23, 11 March 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks for the notice - I've clarified my position at the Noticeboard re: speculation as to nature of relationship, as well as putting all mention of controversy in Hemings article, which I oppose, for reasons already stated on Jefferson's Talk page and repeated on the Noticeboard: He's the subject of the controversy, and it arose because of his actions and position, not hers. Am almost ready to post the controversy article, but it will need more work.Parkwells (talk) 14:09, 11 March 2011 (UTC)


 * Commenting/clarifying there (or not) is up to you. I bring this matter to your attention since it involves you, and I try never to presume the liberty to speak for others. On the Jefferson research in general, I took a closer look at the work you did on the controversy section; I must say it is a real improvement over the work I had done there (which was mostly limited to the DNA study). You covered the major reports/writers & used appropriate sources. Believe it or not, I don't have much of an opinion on the size of the Hemings content (I'm concerned more with the location of it on the page & its quality), and I'm sure your proposal will be just fine.Ebanony (talk) 06:53, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

Page Progress in Mid-March
Your attention and input is needed again on the Thomas Jefferson talk page. -- Gwillhickers (talk) 22:20, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Strom Thurmond
Thank you for your recent contributions. I see weaknesses in other places in the article where it could be improved as well. In particular, his legacy is much broader than just a few buildings named after him. Books like The Warmth of Other Suns document how untenable living in the South was. Thurmond's role in removing virtually all effective protections against the injustices was a major factor in the migration of as many as six million people.  It allowed the inefficient, obsolete agricultural society to persist and delayed the industrialization of the South as well.  --Javaweb (talk) 22:43, 22 March 2011 (UTC)Javaweb

Thomas Jefferson
Your welcome. You have made many signifigant contributions and have done excellent work bringing the article together. To be honest, I am not sure we can completely understand Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson seems to be a man of contradiction; who championed liberty for whites, yet, expoused racist opinions of blacks and enslaved hundreds of them. My personal opinion is that Jefferson was a great man with many character flaws. Cmguy777 (talk) 17:18, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, he and his society are impossible for us to comprehend, although we have our own examples of injustices and contradictions.Parkwells (talk) 17:26, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I believe Jefferson's view on segregation (i.e. deporting African Americans) did great harm to many advancements in Civil Rights after the American Civil War. President Woodrow Wilson was from Virginia and he segregated Washington D.C. Jefferson did not believe blacks and whites could live together in the same country as free persons. Cmguy777 (talk) 17:49, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Show Boat
I like your revision of the synopsis, on the whole, but I have edited it a little where it had become (or originally was) a little unclear. We have to assume that many readers will be coming to the story for the first time - and the point of Steve's sucking Julie's blood, for instance, needs to be properly explained. Magnolia's innocence is also worth leaving in, I think. Hope that between us it is about right now. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 23:09, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

Monticello Association
Hello! Your submission of Article at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath your nomination's entry and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! --Doug Coldwell talk 13:44, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your review-Parkwells (talk) 16:03, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

Some articles that may interest you
I am looking for editors who know about topics relating to Race in the US context and internationally who are interested in reviewing and improving this set of highly problematic articles: Race (classification of humans), Race and intelligence, Race and crime, Race and sport, Race and genetics, Scientific racism, Criminal black man stereotype, J. Philippe Rushton, Race, Evolution and Behavior, The Bell Curve, White flight. It is a huge job, as there is some considerable opposition to putting these topics into their relevant socio-historic perspective, but it is worth doing.·Maunus· ƛ · 14:43, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
 * At White Flight you reinserted the section about South Africa which misrepresents sources to make it look as if the emigration is racially rather than economically motivated.·Maunus· ƛ · 16:15, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

Changes you made to the Shakespeare Theatre Company article
Good Morning

I noticed you made several improvements to The Shakespeare Theatre Company article last week.

I would like to discuss one of the changes.

There was a section entitled "Theatrical Works" which you changed to "Classic Theatre". While I was not fully satisfied with the "Theatrical Works" title, I don't think "Classic Theatre" works. This is a section I want to introduce into many of the Washington DC theatre articles. (I am using the Shakespeare Theatre Company as my prototype). For producing companies it should provide the reader an indication of the audience that the company is appealing to by listing the artistic director(s) and provide recent seasons for specifics. I also felt that it would be a good place to list any "name" guest artists who have performed with the company. The title "Classic Theatre" is too specialized. Unless you have a strong objection I would like to restore the "Theatrical Works" titles. Needless to say I am also open to alternative titles.

I look forward to hearing from you.

ed

Ecragg (talk) 16:38, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Race and sports
Please don't scribble all over an article with your comments, as you did here. The syntax for an invisible HTML comment is. However, it's more useful to use Template:Clarify with the "reason" parameter, or one of the other, since they automatically add the article to a category where it may attract the attention of others. – Smyth\talk 13:53, 17 April 2011 (UTC)


 * Hi Smyth - Thanks for the reminder of the appropriate syntax for invisible comment; it slipped my mind to check on it after getting involved in editing the article. Also thanks for the even better recommendation on the Clarify template. You could encourage editors' good faith efforts by a different choice of words than "scribbling" for three comments in a lengthy article.Parkwells (talk) 14:00, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

Medicine Lodge Treaty
Hi, could you have a look at your edit in Medicine Lodge Treaty please? Especially on the broken template in the last sentence. Can't figure out how to correct that: --Ben Ben (talk) 11:33, 18 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Hi Ben, sorry about that. Was just trying to create a Wiki link for the court case. Have changed the format and shifted to the Clark source, which is better than citing the original decision.Parkwells (talk) 16:40, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

DYK for Monticello Association
The DYK project (nominate) 12:03, 19 April 2011 (UTC)


 * Nice work on this article! It's balanced and well-written. --Coemgenus 14:10, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Who/that
I have noticed this in speech, but less so in print. I'll have to be on the look out for it on Wiki. --Coemgenus 14:37, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Main page appearance
Hello! This is a note to let the main editors of this article know that it will be appearing as the main page featured article on May 14, 2011. You can view the TFA blurb at Today's featured article/May 14, 2011. If the previous blurb needs tweaking, you might change it—following the instructions of the suggested formatting. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :D Thanks! Tb hotch * ۩ ۞ 20:59, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

 

Virginia is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. The state population is over eight million. Its geography and climate are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which are home to much of its flora and fauna. The area's history begins with indigenous settlements and the founding of the Virginia Colony in May 1607 by the London Company as the first permanent New World English colony. Virginia was one of the Thirteen Colonies involved in the American Revolution. During the American Civil War, Virginia joined the Confederate States of America, which named Richmond its capital, and the state of West Virginia separated. The state government is home to the oldest legislature in the Americas, and is unique in how it prohibits its Governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in places like the Shenandoah Valley, federal agencies in Northern Virginia, and military facilities in Hampton Roads. The growth of the media and technology sectors have made computer chips the leading export, with the industry based on the strength of Virginia's public schools and universities. (more...)

Heading text
Hi. I wanted to tell you I like the rewriting you've been doing on the Pauline Johnson article. I've added a few lines (the cites that aren't to books), but I hadn't done a thing with the rest of the text. I'm glad you've taken that on. George Dance (talk) 15:24, 20 May 2011 (UTC) −

Joseph Henry Sharp
I've reverted all your changes because you changed the reference style unnecessarily. I am the one of the primary editors of the article, and I intentionally and specifically used the style in which all the reference details are gathered in the reflist tag. Feel free to reapply your changes without changing the reference style. Per Wikipedia policy, the original authors of the article get to determine the style used for specifying references. Moving all the references out of the reflist tag can only be done with consensus. You didn't ask or get consensus for such a change. (See WP:CITEVAR: "Citations within each Wikipedia article should follow a consistent style. If the article you are editing is already using a particular citation style, you should follow it. Do not change it merely for personal preference or cosmetic reasons. If you think the existing citation system is inappropriate for the needs of the article, seek consensus for a change on the talk page.")

Also, we do not put "xxx" fillers in for information we do not know. He did not marry anyone with the last name xxx. Yworo (talk) 04:39, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

DYK for London Ferrill
Materialscientist (talk) 00:02, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

Gwillickers disruptive behavior.
I'm preparing a user conduct RfC on Gwillickers for disruptive behavior, canvassing and making legal threats. If you're interested in participating I was hoping that you might be able to add your experiences from Thomas Jefferson. I'm asking you because you seem to have been one of the most involved editors there. I've read through some of the controversy which appears to have taken up three archived talk pages at present. Since I was not involved in that discussion I feel that you have the most perspective related to that. I have a draft page of the RfC in my user space. Feel free to edit in that space or bring up questions on the talk page there. This RfC was triggered by Gwillickers behavior at Talk:Abraham Lincoln and I'm finding out now that this behavior has been going on for quite some time. Brad (talk) 17:04, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

Filed at Requests for comment/Gwillhickers. The two users who have unresolved issues with Gwill are Coemgenus and Parkwells. Those two editors must certify that they've tried to resolve an issue with Gwill and failed. Only those two editors (from what I can understand) must reply at the Rfc in the Users certifying the basis for this dispute section within 48 hours or the RfC will be invalid. Other editors like myself can post in the Other users who endorse this summary section. Brad (talk) 10:39, 9 June 2011 (UTC)


 * Would you mind dropping by Requests for comment/Gwillhickers to certify? If we don't get people to certify it today, it automatically fails. Thank, Coemgenus 11:03, 10 June 2011 (UTC)


 * I've been away, and only found out about this today. I was thinking of adding an addendum to your already well written section on Gwillickers behaviour. I agree with the things you wrote and certified it, but I feel there is more to add. Basically I'd add specific links and detail a few other things so that the wrong impression is not left (some seem to think this is about a few stamps, when it's far more). I've not been involved in this particular request for comment, so I'm asking first. Also, I must apologise for not helping more in March with the Hemings section. As I wrote on the complaint page, the reason is because he made it impossible to contribute, and I just couldn't take the constant bickering/attacks. BTW, you can directly refer to me in the case. I do not mind at all.Ebanony (talk) 09:12, 13 June 2011 (UTC)


 * Hi, Ebanony, good to hear from you. As you could see, I was having difficulty picking up the diffs, as there was so much discussion, so your help would be welcome. There were many on April 19 alone that indicate the nature of the issue. I would suggest checking with Brad first, as I'm not quite sure of the progress. The action has been started, but you may still be able to add as a certifying editor on the TJ material. Suggest being low-keyed and policy-oriented in what you write. I know it was exhausting to work on that, when we were trying to get something done, and GW kept diverting with his own opinions. Probably adding your material would be good. - Parkwells (talk) 11:33, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

Taos, New Mexico
Please be more careful to know something about your subject when you are editing. You added the word "contemporary" to the sentence "Influential contemporary Taos artists include Nicolai Fechin, R. C. Gorman, and Agnes Martin." Fechin died in 1955, his house is a museum, and he is not usually referred to as contemporary. Both Gorman and Martin are deceased, though more recently. The sentence was more accurate without the addition of an unnecessary word. Yworo (talk) 14:22, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

Thanks for your response. No biggie. FYI, I've just started a stub for Eanger Irving Couse House and Studio-Joseph Henry Sharp Studios and will also start one for the Nicholai Fechin House. You could then just move him into the previous sentence and note that their houses are all on the NRHP. There's a sublist for Taos County, National Register of Historic Places listings in Taos County, New Mexico in case you want to link to it rather than the main article. Yworo (talk) 14:53, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject United States History
Greetings, It was recently suggested that WikiProject United States History might be inactive or semiactive and that it might be beneficial to include it in the list of projects supported by WikiProject United States.

I have started a discussion and will contact each of the active members for their comments and input on the suggestion. Please take a moment and add your comments to the discussion or feel free to contact me if you have any questions. --Kumioko (talk) 19:43, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

UOJComm (talk) 06:28, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Thanks
for your willingness to cooperate at Vine Deloria Jr.'s article. Dougweller (talk) 18:28, 19 June 2011 (UTC)


 * Dougweller, thanks for your note - will be trying to find some more material for the article, as I had read his "Custer" book years ago. Need to learn more about him.Parkwells (talk) 22:07, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Wiknic in St. Louis this weekend
Details have been finalized for the second Wikipedia meetup in St. Louis, happening at 12:00 noon this Saturday at Forest Park.--Chaser (talk) 20:00, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Do you have your comments on my talk page re: Jefferson tagged?
Or do I need to restate my response here?TheDarkOneLives (talk) 18:57, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

TJ
Good modifications on the TJ piece. I thought you'd enjoy this piece, one of the better I've seen, and ironically from the University of Virginia Magazine. The opening quote from Mr. Jefferson himself nails it quite nicely: "We are not afraid to follow truth wherever it may lead, nor to tolerate any error so long as reason is left free to combat it." MarmadukePercy (talk) 04:08, 24 June 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks, I just reread this again - it does sum up quite a bit. I think some of the "defenders" of Jefferson take the effects too seriously: he did what was common for men of his class (and many political leaders since, with groupies) and time. He was human. Unlike our time, he was also discreet, which is what was asked for from men of his class - except he couldn't hide the children who looked like him, who people commented on. As Annette Gordon-Reed pointed out, that is likely why his grandchildren put out the Carr theory - why else would they have named white men as the father? But, as Mary Chesnut pointed out years later, everyone agreed to ignore the mixed-race children in their own households. After all, most historians seem to agree that John Wayles as a widower had six children with Betty Hemings - they were quadroons. The situation was very common. Assuming that Jefferson had the relationship claimed by Madison (and others), he behaved honorably in terms of the times - freeing their children, and perhaps that is all that could have been asked for then. Certainly better than some more recent politicians. Parkwells (talk) 14:29, 1 December 2011 (UTC)

Thanks for your greetings.
Hi, Parkwells, thanks for your kind words on my user talk page. My work in my occupation has occasioned a big reduction in the edits I post to Wikipedia, but I'm still doing reading to add to the source lists I maintain in my user space. I'm glad to see editors like you active who check sources and balance articles as to point of view. Keep up the good work. I'll be attending the local Wiknic here tomorrow, and I hope you enjoy a chance to meet some wikipedians in person too. -- WeijiBaikeBianji (talk, how I edit) 17:00, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Nancy Hanks Lincoln
Good morning. You made some big changes to the Nancy Hanks Lincoln article that have been reverted in deference to discussion and consensus on the article's talk page. I have started a discussion there. Please feel free to contribute to the discussion. Thanks! Lhb1239 (talk) 13:31, 1 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Since this appeared to be little more than a stub of an article, I added standard headers and tried to make content consistent with other bios. WP discourages trivia, and incidental mentions of Hanks Lincoln are not in the same category as works or memorials in tribute to her.Parkwells (talk) 14:07, 1 July 2011 (UTC)


 * I have no issue with the removal of what can be seen as trivia - please note, I kept that section as you changed it (sans the header change). It was the remainder of the edits that I found questionable, and frankly, not necessarily improving the article. Again, please discuss big edits on the talk page. There are people watching this article. Thanks! Lhb1239 (talk) 14:23, 1 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Well, of course, I would not have made the changes unless I thought they did improve the article - now discussed in full there. Of course different people may have different ideas. Parkwells (talk) 14:37, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

DYK for Theresa Two Bulls
The DYK project (nominate) 00:03, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Ward Churchill
Thanks for your cleaning up of the Churchill article. Usually I don't bothing touching it. I did, however, change the section heading from "additional reading" back to references because it's cited in the text and that's the only reason it's listed. Cheers, -Uyvsdi (talk) 18:34, 18 July 2011 (UTC)Uyvsdi

Leonidas C. Dyer
Hello Parkwells. I have been working the Leonidas C. Dyer article. I was wondering if you could look through the article and make any suggestions for further improvement. Thanks. Cmguy777 (talk) 18:55, 18 July 2011 (UTC)


 * I appreciate you, Parkwells, looking at that article. Great edits! Any suggestions? Cmguy777 (talk) 03:33, 20 July 2011 (UTC)


 * DYK for the Dyer article would be good! Thanks Parkwells. Cmguy777 (talk) 16:15, 2 August 2011 (UTC)


 * You, Parwells, have contributed immensely to the LCD article. Dyer was such an under rated Civil Rights activist in the 20th century. Thanks. Cmguy777 (talk) 20:38, 28 August 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks, it was interesting to work on and to begin to see the national implications at the time.Parkwells (talk) 19:24, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

James O'Keefe
I didn't realize that you were still editing that article - I didn't mean to cause edit conflicts, but I saw that you had moved on to editing other articles. You shouldn't need to "start over", as I only edited the ACORN section thus far. I'll hold off on editing for a bit, so have at it. I agree with you that several citations aren't needed for the same thing, but that appears to be the result of previous edit wars: sometimes a mountain of sources was needed to support a single simple asserted fact. Regards, Xenophrenic (talk) 19:52, 26 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks, part of what had happened was I got into conflict with my own edits, and was trying to correct that, which took a long time. Have made a few more changes and will look at it again.Parkwells (talk) 11:45, 27 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Some controversy over material in the lead is ongoing at the O'Keefe article that might benefit from your attention. There is relevant discussion on the talk page. DickClarkMises (talk) 01:20, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

National Film Award for Best Actor
Hi Parkwells, thanks for your great work with the article. I just wanna to ask you one thing, do we really need citation for a sentence that was tagged by you for ? as this fact has been extracted from the table only. I didn't find any source to cite, also it a was little bit difficult for me to find reliable sources for this India related award. undefined — Bill william compton  Talk 02:56, 7 August 2011 (UTC)


 * Hi, Bill, you're right - that doesn't need a cite. I was looking at it first in one place, and didn't realize that you had derived it from the table. You did such a good job of adding to the article, finding information about the place of the awards in Indian society, pics of the actors, etc. I wondered if there is more to be said (or found) about what the actors or their roles show about Indian cinema, but realize that may be hard to find. You provoked my curiosity.Parkwells (talk) 12:49, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Suggestion for WikiProject United States to support WikiProject Mississippi
It was recently suggested that WikiProject Mississippi might be inactive or semiactive and it might be beneficial to include it in the list of projects supported by WikiProject United States. I have started a discussion on the projects talk page soliciting the opinions of the members of the project if this project would be interested in being supported by WikiProject United States. Please feel free to comment on your opinions about this suggestion. --Kumioko (talk) 03:16, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

It is my intention
to remove all references to the Apaches from the Taos Revolt and other related articles until someone comes up with a reference. The Pueblos and the Apaches were deadly enemies, not likely to get together to fight anyone. However since your edits at Taos Revolt did much more than add the Apaches I am not going to undo the whole thing, but the Apaches gotta go until shuch time as there is a good reason to return them.. EInar akaCarptrash (talk) 21:19, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I am re-reading Durand's the Taos Massacres to try and find a reference for a "Citation Needed" tag someone plopped in there, and Durnad keeps saying" Pueblo Indians, Pubelo Indians, Pubelo Indians " but never " Apaches." There is one Delaware, but that is a whole nother story. Carptrash (talk) 21:31, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

Logan Fontenelle
Read with great interest your recent edits to Logan Fontenelle. I've gone in and cleaned up the phrasing a bit; have also removed some material from the lead section that occurs elsewhere in the article, but doesn't seem appropriate for the lead.

In the course of editing, I noticed that a source cited repeatedly is now a dead link (the Nebraska Department of Education site, which I've tagged with a dead-link template). If you've been reading up on the subject, can you supply another source to replace it?

--Ammodramus (talk) 22:29, 21 August 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks for your note. I saw that was a dead link also; it had been added by an earlier editor, but I will try to find its current location, or a replacement.Parkwells (talk) 22:36, 21 August 2011 (UTC)


 * Good to have the article worked on; wish I knew more about the subject so that I could contribute in a more meaningful way.


 * Since I can't, may I fling yet another problem at you? In the last sentence of the second paragraph is the statement that LF "was largely responsible for securing the land where white settlers founded Bellevue, Nebraska". There's no citation for this; there's also no date, and I can't find any clear mention of it in the body of the article. The fact is certainly important enough for the lead, but it ought to be dated (and, if it came before the 1854 treaty, should be placed chronologically).


 * Thanks again for your work on this article--


 * --Ammodramus (talk) 18:14, 22 August 2011 (UTC)


 * Like much of the article, that assertion was there when I came to it; will be looking for a good citation. I'm curious, too, since Fontenelle was in office such a short time. Both he and LaFlesche, who succeeded him as chief, signed the 1854 treaty, along with five other chiefs.Parkwells (talk) 22:53, 22 August 2011 (UTC)


 * I wrote the article, and inserted and asserted much of the information in it, including the claim about LF securing the land. I will find a citation for this, and I'm sure that it was lost in all the random editing folks have done to it through the years. • Freechild talk  02:10, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Michael Barada
The fascinating history of the French in Nebraska keeps unraveling. Peeking at some information about Michael Barada, Antoine's father, I came across this sort of gripping account of his back story, and this account referring to him as a count! I am going to start this article soon, but wanted to give you a glimpse of some of the more larger-than-life nature of this family. Incredible! • Freechild talk  15:33, 2 December 2011 (UTC)


 * You are having a good time! Rich mother lode. I found out several years ago of having French ancestors - French Huguenots in Virginia in 1700, so since I had loved learning French when taking it in school, as well as French films, intellectuals and style, well... was glad to claim them.Parkwells (talk) 15:54, 2 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Those are great stories - too bad the first contributor didn't say what newspaper it was printed in - it's vivid.Parkwells (talk) 16:03, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

New article
Parkwells, if you're interested I have created a new article called French people in Nebraska. At this point I'm not feeling too confident of its future, as I have not found any substantive sources online. Any contributions you make would be (as always) greatly appreciated. • Freechild talk  00:11, 5 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Moved our comments to the article Talk pageParkwells (talk) 19:09, 7 December 2011 (UTC).


 * This source is readable on Googlebooks - or at least portions are. Right up your alley on this topic: Hugh M. Lewis, Robidoux Chronicles: Ethnohistory of the French-American Fur Trade, Trafford Publishing, 2004. I think you had it on one of the pages, but wasn't sure how far you'd gotten into it. Parkwells (talk) 21:24, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

BLP concerns
Hi, Parkwell. You might be interested in this discussion, as it pertains to some of the edits you have recently made on that article. Regards, Xenophrenic (talk) 18:18, 22 August 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks, have added some comments.Parkwells (talk) 23:36, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * Thanks very much - I learned a lot from working on that article. Parkwells (talk) 12:06, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

Henry Clay
I collapsed the extensive sections for all the offices that Clay held. Short of re-writing the Infobox template to allow for collapsing within it, this is the only way I could figure out how to cut down on the length without sacrificing the information itself. Post on the talkpage, I'm not vehement about keeping it, but that Infobox was so unwieldy, I think it was starting to visually overwhelm that first section. Shearonink (talk) 15:50, 5 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Sounds like a great idea - I hadn't looked closely enough to figure out how to collapse the sections in the Infobox. My impression was the same.Parkwells (talk) 16:07, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

September 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 03:18, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

The French in Nebraska
I may have to create an article by this title. While looking up preliminary info on Cabanne's House, I found this interesting bit on Joshua Pilcher. The French had quite a hold on those lands! • Freechild talk  15:46, 16 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Sounds like a good idea! - they mostly were based in St. Louis, so the areas were tied together for a long time. The ethnic French managed to have political influence in St. Louis for some time after the Louisiana Purchase. The River Barons is a good book about them. They were all slaveholders, too, and after the Spanish governor abolished slavery in 1769 (after taking over former French territory), the Chouteaus and others put pressure on him to let them keep their slaves. After the Louisiana Purchase, the US struggled to make slave law in the territory, which had had so many systems of law. The first freedom suit in St. Louis was filed in 1805 by Marguerite Scypion.Parkwells (talk) 16:18, 13 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I've been following up on Creek-Scots links in the Southeast; the Scots fur traders married into the tribe, which was matrilineal, so the Creek women's clans were the key to tribal status for their children. (Early European-American histories always attributed the chiefs' accomplishments to their Scots or English ancestry, of course - but then, every clan or tribe claims its own - when they're good.) Parkwells (talk) 15:53, 16 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Sounds like a lot of what you're talking about needs to be rolled into North American fur trade. All of this is so entwined! • Freechild talk  22:05, 16 September 2011 (UTC)


 * FYI, I created a category for you that ties this interest into our other work on Nebraskan demography... Category:Nebraska people of French descent. • Freechild talk  21:39, 25 September 2011 (UTC)


 * That is great, but I don't think Pilcher was of French descent. Haven't found any evidence of it.Parkwells (talk) 13:56, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Indian agencies
Hey Parkwells, how are you? How's editing going? I was reading your work on Moses Merrill Mission just now, and decided that I want to create a List of Indian agencies in the United States. However, a quick scan of the Interwebs has proven absolutely nothing like that easily existing... Any ideas of where to find it? Or is this going to be a "do-it-myself" kinda list? • Freechild talk  20:24, 25 September 2011 (UTC)


 * That is ambitious! I was reading some early history of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA): the factories or trading posts, and relations with Indian tribes, were at first run by the War Dept. Their records should have gone to the BIA when it was formed, but who knows? Considering how these facilities were used/adapted as trading posts, Indian agencies (and corruption among some of these parties) and missions, it's likely to be tricky to track them down. Will do some looking, too. Have you checked the database for the National Register of Historic Places? it may have former sites and buildings, at least for some of the agencies. Parkwells (talk) 20:57, 25 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Maybe one way to go is like doing family history - start with the present and go back. There are more than 500 federally recognized tribes and most have a reservation. Many of these might once have been Indian agencies, at least those west of the Mississippi. Or, do a search of Indian agents? Hmm, you make me wonder.Parkwells (talk) 21:18, 25 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Here's a list of Indian agencies assigned to religious denominations that is useful. However, this might be gold. • Freechild talk  21:46, 25 September 2011 (UTC)


 * The second one does look like a good source. Are you going to list the historic agencies - before the end of the 19th century, say? How will you define them? The relation of religious groups to agencies began to be important as the US tried to reduce corruption between the agents and the traders. I came across several references to Quakers being appointed as Indian agents to the Omaha, before and around the time of Chief LaFlesche, for that reason. Parkwells (talk) 13:50, 27 September 2011 (UTC)


 * FYI, I started a List of Indian agencies in Nebraska. • Freechild talk  16:05, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

New sources
Hey Parkwells, quick note to let you know about a neat new resource website: http://publications.newberry.org/indiansofthemidwest/people-places-time/eras/moundbuilders/ - hope all's well. • Freechild talk  04:41, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

Hi, Freechild - good to hear from you. That does look like a great site. I've been continuing to read in the history of the Southeast Indians; Greg O'Brien is one of a number of historians doing new work on their political and social system and representing it from the inside - which I'm representing here. Some significant aspects were totally overlooked in the articles here.Parkwells (talk) 14:38, 19 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I'm leary of jumping too far into that region, mostly because my scholarship among the Southwest nations is lacking and my initial contribution got thrashed. (Did I tell you I started Dwellings of the ancient Pueblo peoples and each of its sub articles?) Good luck!

• Freechild talk  07:10, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

St. Deroin
Well, the history and mystery of the trappers in Nebraska and their children continues to unfurl. I'm forking content from Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation to create St. Deroin, Nebraska, and in the process found this little biography of Joseph Deroin. Thought you might appreciate it. Hope all is well with you! • Freechild talk  01:54, 30 November 2011 (UTC)


 * And thanks to your prompting I created Category:Logan Fontenelle, and invite you to add whatever fits there. But not wanting to serve injustice to the families that had larger contributions, I created Category:La Flesche family as well. Such a prompter, you are. • Freechild talk  02:14, 1 December 2011 (UTC)

New cat
Remembering your commentary to the effect of how ridiculous the over-commemoration of Category:Logan Fontenelle was, my Parkwells-inspired muse acted up tonight, and I threw together Category:Place names in Nebraska of Native American origin. Its ridiculously comprehensive. • Freechild talk  05:46, 9 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Aha! good one. Now what I want to know is, did you go through and classify those pages, adding the category because of your own deep knowledge of NE, or did it somehow pick them up automatically? Many of those French-named places were for Métis, so you knew they were Native American.


 * Another challenge (or not much of one), since you seem to have such facility in category making: How about "Native American peoples with matrilineal systems" and "Native American peoples with patrilineal systems"? This would be for the historic systems. Do we need to add "historic" in the category? Should we say "Native American tribes" to make it shorter? (I think most prefer the term people - that's what many of their original autonyms had in common).


 * Let's discuss. I'm finding this specification significant for looking at the differences between cultures, especially related to conflicts with European-American cultures. Six major kinship systems are identified internationally, which have to do with classifications of cousins, aunts and uncles, etc., but that would be too specialized. This is a way to highlight one major difference between the Native Americans and Europeans, where the info can be found. The Cherokee and other Southeast peoples were matrilineal, but one of them (Cherokee, maybe) passed some new law/rule in the 19th c. to allow a male leader's children to inherit his title, as I recall - influenced by his power and the US/European patrilineal pattern (conveniently abandoned in most areas in application to slave children). Parkwells (talk) 15:39, 9 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Because two prominent young Cherokee men (John Ridge and Elias Boundinot) had married European-American wives from New England, the Council passed a law in 1825 allowing the children of such matches to be considered full citizens of the Cherokee, as if their mothers were Cherokee. (The tribe was traditionally matrilineal.)Parkwells (talk) 21:28, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

schools
As it says on the speedy tag itself, and at WP:CSD, schools are not subject to a7. High schools are essentially always kept; middle and primary schools usually merged to the school board, or an education section of the article on the locality.  DGG ( talk ) 18:15, 9 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Must have read it too fast.Parkwells (talk) 14:46, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

Greenwood, Mississippi
nice work you're doing over there!&mdash; alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk) 16:14, 13 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks - glad to contribute for a bigger picture!Parkwells (talk) 16:17, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

Fed Courthouse, [[Natchez, Mississippi]]
Thank you for the re-write of the section on the 1924 monument. As I was part of the story it was very hard to get it right. It is my understanding that the new plates are to be placed Nov 10th at 10:00am 2011. The GSA has workd hard to help the city and county take the changes. The old monument will be "retired" inside the courthouse with a display. have no idea when the local papere will get the story.

All the best, Shane505 (talk) 22:40, 20 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Hi, Shane, thanks, glad to help. It's a really interesting story to be part of - a good project and history being corrected! After your note, saw the material on Facebook about the interpretive project.Parkwells (talk) 01:27, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Parkwells, I am very glad you did work for the GSA, they have done a very stand up job on the monument,once the iusse was able to come to the att of the right people. My old web site helped, as well, now I have it back up and it also notes a few things: http://shanepeterson.com/oldweb/essays.html

IF you are on Facebook, say "hi"-shane

Shane505 (talk) 22:40, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

Steve Jobs
I reverted half of your recent series, because you left a bunch of broken references. Please try again, looking for the big bold red breakage tag showing up in the references list when you preview it. Dicklyon (talk) 23:44, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Yvette Roubideaux


The article Yvette Roubideaux has been proposed for deletion because, under Wikipedia policy, all newly created biographies of living persons must have at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Eeekster (talk) 01:50, 25 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Researched and added sources to go with material someone had posted. Expanded the data on Roubideaux. Parkwells (talk) 00:27, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

Slave George
Came across this article today and, remembering your work on Charlotte Dupuy and Thomas Jefferson thought you might be interested. I think it could do with some expansion from stub-status. Shearonink (talk) 00:08, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

VANDALISM
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. --Wikidexel2 (talk) 19:16, 12 November 2011 (UTC)


 * AHEM, yes, good, glad this robot caught you vandalizing! Why, if it weren't for vandals like you WP would be 1/4 as useful as it is! THANK YOU FOR YOUR VANDALISM Parkwells. • Freechild talk  02:12, 1 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Freechild! Still don't know what I was vandalizing. Parkwells (talk) 16:10, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, Wikidexel2 is not a bot, but an editor. Parkwells, I ran this down and this was the chain of events: Wikidexel2 posted on User talk:Parkwells with this edit and this edit because of this edit to Choctaw which I then reverted with this edit. Cheers, Shearonink (talk) 05:22, 18 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks, Shearonink! I tried to check, but couldn't readily find anything, so didn't work at it too hard, and noticed it was an editor but just didn't follow up. Then Freechild added his comment, which made me laugh; we've worked together a lot. Thanks for your hunting it down and reversion - I edited the caption again to make it clear the date applied to the prehistoric settlement, not the painting.Parkwells (talk) 13:28, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)
You reverted my version without explaining me why. 76.172.76.170 (talk) 08:12, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

I put it on the edit summary and will put it on the Discussion page. It's important that the content explain what was in the bill, not just that it was passed. In addition, your edit that it was opposed by Dixiecrats and Southern Republicans was misleading, as the South constituted an overwhelmingly Democratic Party congressional representation at the time. Parkwells (talk) 12:52, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

David Holt
Talk:Osage_Nation I left a response for you here. Alatari (talk) 23:13, 10 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Thanks for the source.Parkwells (talk) 17:49, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

You're an editing machine so anytime I can add some fuel no problem. Alatari (talk) 09:38, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks.Parkwells (talk) 13:28, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Cherokee Freedmen
Good job on the information you added on the timeline. Thanks. Chuck Hamilton (talk) 17:02, 16 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your note.Parkwells (talk) 13:21, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Hello
Mr. Parkwells, let me introduce myself since I have had occasion to edit the same Jefferson article as you. I've tried hard not to take sides in this debate, but wanted to rely on the evidence presented for those people advancing the position that Jefferson was not the father of the Hemings or that historians are divided. I have seen none, just allegations, and they now admit they have no evidence. It is also obvious that this and similar discussions went on for a year. Can you discuss some of the recent deletions to Hemings? Studyhard12 (talk) 15:26, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Collaboration
... with you is also a very pleasant experience for me! Parkwells, I truly enjoy all the different work we've done together. It adds vitality to this overall project for me, and gives me a particular type of hope for the future of social knowledge creation and distribution. Thank you, thank you, thank you... and happy Christmas to you, too. • Freechild talk  22:25, 26 December 2011 (UTC)