User:Parzivall100/Constance Leatherock

Constance Leatherock Nieschmidt
Nieschmidt, Constance Leatherock (1898-1965) was a contemporary geologist, who specialized in cartography, especially in the United States.

Early Life
Constance was born in 1898 in Jasper, Indiana, USA, she lived her adult life in Dewey, Oklahoma, USA.

Early Career (1935-1945)
Constance’s earliest published work was in 1936 in the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) titled: Chattanooga Shale in Osage County Oklahoma and Adjacent Areas, which Nathan Wood Bass (a fellow geologist) co-published alongside her. They also co-published another paper in 1937 titled: Origin and Distribution of Bartlesville and Burbank Shoestring Oil Sands in Parts of Oklahoma and Kansas. Constance also published another paper in the AAPG titled Physical Characteristics of Bartlesville and Burbank Sands in Northeastern Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas.

Constance continued to work until her next published paper in 1945 in the Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, titled: The Correlation of Rocks of Simpson Age in North-central Kansas with the St. Peter Sandstone and Associated Rocks in Northwestern Missouri.

Late Career (1945-1961)
By 1948, Nieschmidt's focus turned away from publishing papers and towards publish maps, with her first being published again in the Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin, no. 74. This study includes co-authors, Wallace Lee and Theodore Botinelly. The text, titled The Stratigraphy and Structural Development of the Salina Basin of Kansas, focuses on the stratigraphy of the Salina Basin and adjacent areas. Through microscopically examined samples from wells, Salina Basin’s stratigraphy and structural history are recorded in the report.

Two years later in 1950, Nieschmidt was published in the U.S Geological Survey. The publication was a geological map titled: Subsurface stratigraphy of Paleozoic rocks in southeastern Montana and adjacent parts of Wyoming and South Dakota.

A similar mapping project was published by the same organization, the U.S. Geological Survey in 1953 titled, Subsurface stratigraphy of the Heath shale and Amsden formation in central Montana.

Her last mapping project, published in 1961 by the U.S. Geological Survey was titled, The Bighorn dolomite and correlative formations in southern Montana and northern Wyoming.

Chattanooga shale in Osage County Oklahoma and Adjacent Areas (1936):
Constance Leatherock published her writings “Chattanoog Shale in Osage County Oklahoma and Adjacent Areas” in January 1936 with co-author N. W. Bass. This paper went into detail about the different types of shale in Oklahoma and looks at how the different patterns can determine the history of the land. In parts of the shale, they found black carbonaceous fissile shale, pyrite and sandstone. During the conclusion, she wrote that her findings were unclear and she stated more material would have to be found to complete her research.

Origin and Distribution of Bartlesville and Burbank Shoestring Oil Sands in Parts of Oklahoma and Kansas (1937):
In January of 1937, Constance Leatherock co-wrote a piece with N. W. Bass titled: Origin and Distribution of Bartlesville and Burbank Shoestring Oil Sands in Parts of Oklahoma and Kansas. In this work, she provided evidence that the Cherokee shale, the oldest formation in the Pennsylvanian series in this area, is located below the oil and gas-producing Bartlesville and Burbank sands of Kansas and Oklahoma. She used the example of how a stream channel filled with sand gives the subsequent deposit a valley-shaped base and a top that is wider than the lower section to describe the different forms and sand bodies. Additionally, she described the physical characteristics and content of the shoestring-sand bodies of the Burbank and Bartlesville sands range. Different characters were established to succeed even in the contemporary beach sands that were investigated. The majority of the Quincy trend's oil-producing sand in Greenwood County, Kansas, is made up of rounded, extremely coarse, and coarse sand grains. Beginning in 1930, Bass studied the shoestring sands in Greenwood and Butler counties in Kansas for the Kansas Geological Survey in collaboration with the United States Geological Survey. The key information that led to the conclusion that these sand bodies were deposited as offshore bars was gleaned from this study.



Physical characteristics of Bartlesville and Burbank Sands in Northeastern Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas (1937):
On February 1, 1937, Leatherock published a study on the Physical Characteristics of Bartlesville and Burbank Sands in Northeastern Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas. In this study she highlighted the similarities between both sites in which they shared multiple different physical features making them almost indistinguishable despite being in different states. She was also able to study and notice distinguishable features such as the composition of the rocks, which included; magnesium, iron, and calcium carbonate, and locally by silica, dolomite, or calcite. She was also able to find index fossils within the limestone that was underneath the sands, such as the burgess shale. This study encompassed more than 700 sites.

The Correlation of Rocks of Simpson Age in North-central Kansas with the St. Peter Sandstone and Associated Rocks in Northwestern Missouri (1945):
In 1945, Leatherlock published her writing with the Kansas Geological Survey “The Correlation of Rocks of Simpson Age in North-central Kansas with the St. Peter Sandstone and Associated Rocks in Northwestern Missouri”. She detailed the sandstones in St. Peter being correlated to the sandstones found in northwestern Missouri. She identified the subsurface rocks as being from the Simpson Age.