User:Patrosven/sandbox

= Racial Trauma = Racial trauma or race-based traumatic stress, is the cumulative effects of racism on an individual’s mental and physical health. It has been linked to feelings of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideations, as well as other physical health issues. Racial trauma is not included in the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), since it does not meet the current criteria. However, researchers such as Robert T. Carter, Thema Bryant-Davis, and Carlota Ocampo have lobbied for its addition. According to them, racial trauma invokes symptoms similar to that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hence the push for its recognition as a viable mental health concern. The affects race-based traumatic stress has on individuals is subjective to their experiences, and the ways in which it can manifest itself can vary significantly, too.

Reasons for my additions include more detailed examples of racial trauma through studies and to give background to the effects of racial trauma. I also think that Racial Trauma should be included under the "See Also" section of the Psychological Trauma wikipedia page. I also added a link to the "Psychological Trauma" wikipedia page since it isn't connected to that page for some reason.

Racial trauma or race-based traumatic stress, is the cumulative effects of racism on an individual’s mental and physical health. It has been linked to feelings of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideations, as well as other physical health issues. Racial trauma is not included in the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), since it does not meet the current criteria. However, researchers such as Robert T. Carter, Thema Bryant-Davis, and Carlota Ocampo have lobbied for its addition. According to them, racial trauma invokes symptoms similar to that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hence the push for its recognition as a viable mental health concern. The affects race-based traumatic stress has on individuals is subjective to their experiences, and the ways in which it can manifest itself can vary significantly, too. These experiences include but aren't limited to societal and intra-social-group racial microaggressions which have shown to have a relation to a decrease of mental health

Additionally, studies have shown that Arrican

Chae, David H., et al. “Discrimination, Attribution, and Racial Group Identification: Implications for Psychological Distress Among Black Americans in the National Survey of American Life (2001–2003.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol. 81, no. 4, 2011, pp. 498–506.

Hardy, Kenneth V. “Healing the Hidden Wounds of Racial Trauma.” Reclaiming Children and Youth, vol. 22, no. 1, 2013, pp. 24–28.

Nadal, Kevin L., et al. “The Impact of Racial Microaggressions on Mental Health: Counseling Implications for Clients of Color.” Journal of Counseling &Amp; Development, vol. 92, no. 1, 2014, pp. 57–66.

Williams, Monnica T., et al. “Assessing Racial Trauma With the Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale.” Psychology of Violence, vol. 8, no. 6, 2018, pp. 735–747.