User:PattersonDrew

'Bold text''Limeuil, Dordogne, France

Limeuil occupies a historically strategically important site at the confluence of the Vézère river with the Dordogne, which provides todays tourists with one of the most impressive riverside locations in the region.

Whilst the earliest evidence of man's cave dwelling here dates from the Magdalenian period, up to some 17,000 years ago, the first settlement started with the Celts, who named it 'Lemoialum' (lit. 'A place planted with Elms'). It was first crudely fortified by the Gauls, however, probably with a wooden construction - which was then taken by the Romans in the early 50's BC. Evidence of Roman roads and a villa remain. As the Roman Empire declined, the Vikings took over in the 8th century, building the first complete fortress on the highest terrace - with stone defensive walls being constructed, first around the fortress, then, over the next 200 years, the whole community. Most of these remain intact today.

Following the succession of Henry, Duke of Normandy to the English throne in 1154 (following his marriage to Eléanor, Duchess of Aquitaine two years earlier), Limeuil was persistantly fought over with the French - the beginnings of the Hundred Years War, which actually lasted for 116 years, from 1337 to 1453. Local tradition holds that the chateau was pulled down following the defeat of the English at nearby Castillon in 1453 - and the stonework used to repair and build the village houses. Substantial rennaisance chimneypieces can be seen in the Maison de la Justice and the 'Chais' restaurant, for example.

After a century of calm, Limeuil was embroiled in the Wars of Religion - having both a Catholic monastery (the remains of which are occupied by todays Mairie), and a Protestant convent and church, both of which have since disappeared (the church being destroyed in 1683 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes).

Today there are two churches. Above the old chateau is the church of Ste Catherine (appropriately the patron saint of boatmen), dating from the 14th and 15th centuries on foundations from the 1100's. In the valley below, and distanced from the walled 'bourg', stands the Chapelle St Martin, built in 1194. Local legend claims that it was built on the orders of King Richard I of England (the Lionheart) as recompense for the murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, in his cathedral. But this is difficult to ratify. Becket had been murdered virtually a quarter of a century earlier (29th December 1170), during the reign of Richard's father, Henry II. Richard had spent his life trying to overthrow his father - although born (as was the tradition) at Beaumont Place, Oxford, he spent his life in France, and could hardly speak any English. Following his capture on returning from the Third Crusade to the Holy Lands, he was imprisoned in 1191 in Austria for two years - after which he concentrated on fighting the French King in northern France, where he undertook the construction of the great fortress at Chateau Gaillard in Normandy.

As trading on the rivers increased, so did the prosperity of Limeuil. Amongst the succeeding occupants of whatever dwelling replaced the old chateau was a relative of Catherine de Medici, Queen of France - Isabeau de Limeuil, a mistress of Louis I de Bourbon. The chateau Parc was purchased by the commune in 1998 with contributions from national and regional level. The water traffic died off in the 19th century as roads developed, and in 1891 a pair of bridges were constructed across the two rivers, as the railway network developed with the construction of other bridges over the rivers.