User:PauliKL/Sandbox2

BTS structure
The OBSAI Reference Architecture defines four functional blocks, interfaces between them, and requirements for external interfaces.

Functional blocks
A base transceiver station (BTS) has four main blocks or logical entities: radio frequency (RF) block, baseband block, control and clocking block, and transport block.

The radio frequency block sends and receives signals to/from portable devices (via the air interface) and converts between digital data and antenna signal. Some of the main functions are D/A and A/D conversion, up/down conversion, carrier selection, linear power amplification, diversity transmit and receive, RF combining and RF filtering.

The baseband block processes the baseband signal. The functions include encoding/decoding, ciphering/deciphering, frequency hopping (GSM), spreading and Rake receiver (WCDMA), MAC (WiMAX), protocol frame processing, MIMO etc.

The transport block interfaces to external network, and provides functions such as QoS, security and syncronization.

Coordination between these three functions is maintained by a control block.

Internal interfaces
Internal interfaces between the functional blocks are called reference points (RP).

RP1 is the interface that allows communication between the control block and the other three blocks. It includes control and clock signals. RP1 specification also specifies UDPCP - a UDP based reliable communication protocol. A version 2.1 of the reference point 1 interface was published in 2008.

RP2 provides a link between the transport and baseband blocks. Version 2.1 of the reference point 2 interface was published in 2008.

RP3 is the interface between baseband block and RF block. RP3-01 is an (alternate) interface between Local Converter and Remote RF block. Version 4.2 of the reference point 3 interface was published in 2010.

RP4 provides the DC power interface between the internal modules and DC power sources. Version 1.1 of the reference point 4 interface was published in 2010.

Most of the industry at the time revolved around achieving lower cost RF modules and power amplifiers (PA), as these two components usually account for nearly 50 percent of the BTS cost. Consequently, OBSAI works to define reference point 3 (RP3) prior to the other reference points to promote more competitive sources in the RF module and PA market.

External interfaces
Transport Block provides external network interface to operator network. Examples are: (lub) to the Radio Network Controller (RNC) for 3GPP systems, R6 to the Access Services Network Gateway (centralized Gateway) or R3 to Connectivity Services Network (CSN) for WiMAX systems.

RF Block provides external radio interface to subscriber devices. Examples are Uu or Um to the user equipment (UE) for 3GPP systems or R1 for WiMAX.