User:Pavloscy/Church of Panagia in Lysi, Cyprus

History
The church of St. Evphemianos (Greek: Άγιος Ευφημιανός) is a small medieval church (located at 35° 5'8.70"N 33°39'53.00"E), about 2 km to the southwest of the village of Lysi in the Famagusta district of Cyprus. It is a very small, single-dome, stone building and the interior is decorated with frescoes dating back to the 13th and 14th centuries. The inscription on the bottom of the arch indicates that the temple was dedicated by Lavrentios, monk and abbot of St. Andronikos Monastery, to “St. Themonianos”, a local saint. The inscription reads (in Greek):


 * “ΠΑΝΣΕΠΤΟΣ ΝΑΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΟΣΙΟΥ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΘΕΜΟΝΙΑΝΟΥ ΔΙΑ ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚ ΠΟΛΛΟΥ ΠΟΘΟΥ ΛΑΥΡΕΝΤΙΟΥ ΙΕΡΟΜΟΝΑΧΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΘΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΣΕΒΑΣΜΙΑΣ ΜΟΝΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΑΝΔΡΟΝΙΚΟΥ.”

The name St. Themonianos mentioned in the inscription is almost certainly a corruption on the name of St. Evphemianos, a local 12th century saint who led an ascetic life in a cave near the village of Lefkoniko in the plain of Masaoria, and was one of "three hundred" Palestinian refugees who fled to Cyprus during the Arab persecutions against the Christians .Other variations on the name include Phenianos (Greek: Φηνιανός), Thymianos (Greek: Θυμιανός), or Thomianos (Greek: Θωμιανός). The church itself was colloquially known to the local villagers as St. Phenianos (Greek: Άις Φηνιανός). Technically, the Church of St. Evphemianos is a chapel (Greek: παρεκκλήσι), due to its diminutive size and the fact that it was not the main church of Lysi, there was no priest assigned to it, and services were only held there on special occasions. Before the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, thousands would visit the church on the Saint’s feast day on November 14.

Dome and Byzantine frescoes


The dome of the church is decorated with a fresco showing Christ Pantocrator, the 'All sovereign'. Surrounding the figure of Christ is a double row of angels moving towards the throne prepared by God the Father for the Second Coming of Christ. The throne is guarded by the Archangel Michael and Archangel Gabriel and two seraphim. The Virgin Mary leads one line of angels to the throne, while John the Baptist leads the other. In the apse, the Virgin is depicted as flanked by the two archangels with a medallion on her breast of the infant Christ, symbolizing the Incarnation of Christ.

The frescoes within the church were kept in good condition and in 1972 maintenance was undertaken by the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus. Following the 1974 Turkish invasion, and specifically 1984, the frescoes were removed. The dome fresco with Christ Pantocrator and an apse depicting the Virgin Mary were cut into 38 pieces, and shipped to Germany by Aydın Dikmen the Turkish art dealer and notorious smuggler who claimed they originated from an abandoned church in southern Turkey, and prepared to sell them in the arts black-market. The Department of Antiquities of Cyprus was able to show that the murals were forcibly removed from the church of St. Evphemianos and following lengthy negotiations, it was agreed that ownership of the murals belongs to the Orthodox Church of Cyprus. The 38 fresco fragments were bought by the Houston-based Menil Foundation with the knowledge and approval of the Church of Cyprus, the rightful owner of the frescoes. The Menil Foundation then funded a careful two-year restoration of the paintings. A 1992 formal agreement signed by the Church of Cyprus and the Menil Foundation specified that the Menil Foundation will take care of the frescoes and cover the costs for conservation and restoration in exchange for the power of guardianship for twenty years starting in February 1992. The Foundation has also undertaken the construction of an adequate shelter in the form of the Byzantine Fresco Chapel designed by architect François de Menil and constructed by Ove Arup & Partners. The Byzantine Fresco Chapel also serves as the space for exhibition of the frescoes which are the only intact Byzantine frescoes of this size and importance to be found anywhere in the entire western hemisphere.