User:Pbskumar/Health Welfare and Safety in Indian Factory legislation

THE PROJECT ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ENVIRONMENT IN FACTORIES 1.	Introduction Management of Occupational Safety and Health has become a very vital issue because of the technological advancements and deployment of newer technology, complex and hazardous processes. The threat of occupational hazards, particularly in the chemical and petrochemical industries is of great concern, specially for the people who are responsible for policy planning and designing of instruments and other interventions for protecting the large workforce in the country. The major problem faced by the policy planners is the non-availability of timely information on vital areas such as occupational injuries and diseases, infrastructure available at the unit and the state level for taking up awareness, promotional and developmental programs. Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes is relied upon by Central and State Governments for a variety of information pertaining to occupational safety and health. At present the facilities available in our country do not allow as quick a response as is often needed. Further, substantial increase in the number of registered factories, introduction of sophisticated modern technology and complexities in plant and equipment design have brought many constraints in the area of Occupational Safety and Health policy making at national level. For planning of effective strategy on control of accidents and ill-health, timely and reliable information is vital. The Ministry of Labour has been deeply concerned over the non-availability of occupational safety and health information for policy planning. To overcome this deficiency the scheme “Setting up of a Data Bank-cum-Information Centre” at Central Labour Institute was proposed during the 7th Five Year Plan. The scheme was approved by the Planning Commission in the 7th Plan. The scheme was continued in the modified form during the 8th Plan period with the title “Development of Safety & Health Information System and Data Bank”. During this period information systems were installed at the Central Labour Institute and the 3 Regional Labour Institutes. Data bases in the area of Major Accident Hazard Installations, hazardous chemicals, national specialist, ship inspection, Parliament question, FAS proforma, Factories Act Amendment, Awards, etc. were developed. Information on Material Safety Data Sheets were disseminated to the industries and agencies related to occupational safety and health. During the 9th Plan period DGFASLI web site was launched. Abstracts of safety and health technical reports of DGFASLI were prepared, a national directory of organization profile was compiled, the statutes related to safety and health were computerized and ported on the website. Publication of INDOSHNEWS a quarterly news bulletin of this organization was started and till date 14 issues have been published, work related to translation of International Chemical Safety Cards in three Indian languages—Hindi, Tamil and Bangla was initiated with a view to make the cards available on the website. 1.2	           The Project The present Plan Scheme “Development of Safety & Health Information System and Data Bank” being operated during the 10th Plan envisages creation of the National Inventory on Occupational Safety and Health Information to widen the information base and making available the information at one source to help in the activities specially those related to policy planning directed at improving the occupational safety and health of the workers. The national inventory besides having OSH information state-wise collected through respective State Inspectorate will also include the following: •	•       Abstracts of OS&H national literature •	•       OS &H literature acquired from abroad •	•       Factory Advice Service databases •	•       Dock Safety related databases •	•       Details of MAH installations, hazardous chemicals, national specialists, etc. •	•        Scanner based data base on accident events, etc. 1.3	1.3             The Objectives of the Project To develop all the five Labour Institutes under the DGFASLI Organisation as the action resource centers for collection, processing and dissemination of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Information with a view to create an Inventory on OSH Information for the prevention of Occupational Injuries and health problems in the country 1.4	1.4            The Scope of the Project The proposed scheme will have the following components: 1.	Development of Occupational Safety and Health national inventory and connectivity between State Factory Inspectorate and DGFASLI. The inventory will cover information pertaining to manufacturing activities covered under the Factories Act 1948, Occupational injuries and diseases in the sector, management of OSH at unit and state level. 2.	Creation of occupational safety and health information action resource centers at five labour Institutes by providing them with computer hardware and software facilities and also by involving other organizations specialized in the field of safety, health and environment to participate in the project. 3.	Human Resource Development of personnel attached to action resource centers. 4.	Dissemination of information through electronic media using the latest information technology for creating public awareness about safety, health and environment. 5.	Dissemination of information through conventional media to reach the large workforce including decision makers not having access to the information technology. This will include publication of newsletter, technical reports, safety cards etc. 6.	Creation of databases containing information on handling of containers and dangerous goods, hazardous installations, inland container depots, minor and intermediate ports, competent persons, panel of doctors in ports, etc. Dock Safety division will participate by way of providing raw data collected from the field. 7.	Developing infrastructure for occupational safety and health e-self learning centers at all action resource centre in the labour institutes. 8.	Effective implementation of the 12 point Minimum Agenda for E-Governance. This includes providing computers upto the level of Section Officers, setting up of LAN, training of all staff on computers, procure and use office automation software, website updation and maintenance, developing software packages for delivery of services and information, etc. 9.	As information technology is developing very fast, the latest hardware and software available during the plan period will be acquired. 1.5       The Methodology In order to create a national inventory of OSH information, the following activities are envisaged to be carried out in each State: 	        Identification of support information 	        Location of sources of information 	        Creation of suitable mechanism for information collection 	        Selection and use of appropriate technology for processing and storage of information. 	        Development of procedures for user friendly dissemination of information. 	        Development of suitable infrastructure for achieving the above. 1.6	The Project Team The various activities under the Project are being carried out by the five Labour Institutes as nodal agencies. The Regional Labour Institute, Chennai, is the nodal agency for the four Southern States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Pondicherry. The State of Tamilnadu and Andhra pradesh was taken up for the collection of data during the 10th Plan period 2002-03 and 2003-04 respectively. The States of Pondicherry, Karnataka will be taken up for detailed study in the subsequent years. A Task Force comprising of the following officers and staff of Regional Labour Institute, Chennai and the office of the Chief Inspector of Factories, Chennai, was constituted for carrying out the above mentioned activities: I.	 Regional Labour Institute, Chennai

1.	     Director-in-Charge 2.	     Deputy Director (Safety) - Co-ordinator 3.	    Addl. Asst. Director (Safety) 4.	   Technical Asst. 5.	      Steno. II. Directorate of Factories, Govt.of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad

1.	     Jt. C.I.F. (Hqs) in the Directorate 2.	     Joint C.I.F. (Hqs) in the Directorate 3.	     Deputy C.I.F., Hyderabad (Twin Cities) 4.	      Sr. Lab. Asst. 1.	   Steno. 1.7   Activities under the Project The present project aims at studying the existing system of recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases at unit, district and state level in the State of Andhra Pradesh, identifying the areas for improving and establishing the system, which is in line with the systems existing in other countries. The activities of the project have been divided in the following categories: i)	i)                   Background information about the state of Andhra Pradesh -  Deals with the demographic and geographic characteristics of the state of Andhra Pradesh, population in different districts and major occupations of the people. ii)	ii)                 Economic activities -  Deals with  the various aspects of economic sectors in the state, their value of production, employment generated and contribution to the GDP. iii)	Activities in manufacturing sector - Deals with  the  different  activities  carried out in  the  manufacturing sector as  per  the  National  Industrial  Code,  value  of  production, employment generation, etc. iv)	iv)               Occupational injuries and diseases  -  Deals with the analysis of the occupational injuries – fatal and non-fatal and cases of occupational diseases in the manufacturing sector. v)	v)                 Management of occupational safety and health  -  Deals with the infrastructure and resources available at the unit level and at the state level for managing the crucial issue of occupational safety and health. vi)	vi)               Resources available and needed for the management of occupational safety and health  - Based on the analysis of occupational injuries and diseases and the capabilities available, an attempt is made to assess the resources required for the better management of occupational safety and health in the State of Andhra Pradesh.

THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA Andhra Pradesh was formed on 1st November, 1956 under the States Reorganisation Scheme. It is the fifth largest State with an area of 2,76,754 sq. km,  accounting for 8.4 % of Indian territory. The State has the longest coastline (972 km) among all the States in India. Andhra Pradesh is endowed with a variety of physiographic features ranging from high hills, undulating plains to a coastal deltaic environment. Telugu the official language of Andhra Pradesh, is described by C.P. Brown as the " Italian of the East ". Andhra Pradesh has bountiful natural resources. Endowed with fertile land, water and conducive agro-climatic conditions, it is an agriculturally-prosperous state. AP is the largest producer of rice in India. It is also the leading producer of cash crops like Tobacco, Groundnut, Chillies, Turmeric, Oilseeds, Cotton, Sugar and Jute. It produces some of the finest varieties of mangoes, grapes, guavas, sapotas, papayas and bananas. Nearly 75% of its area is covered by the river basins of the Godavari, Krishna and Pennar, and their tributaries. AP is a small State tucked away in the South West corner of India. It represents 8.37 % of the total area of India, but 7.42 % of total population of the country is in AP. 2.1.		PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE The state has richly endowed with natural and competitive advantages with a geographical area of 274.40 lakh hectares and with a population of 7.57 Crores as per 2001 population census. It is the fifth largest state in the country accounting for 8.37 percent of the country's area and also fifth most populous state. The Net area sown is of the order of 105 lakh hectares constituting about 62 lakh hectares of forest area, accounting for about 23 % of the geographical area. The state has the second largest coastline of 974 Kms. The total surface water of entire river system of the state is estimated at 2764 TMC at 75 % dependability. The state has a spectrum of tourism locations ranging from historical and religious sides to natural attractions like beaches. The state is endowed with varied agro-climatic conditions for growing varieties of horticulture crops like fruits, vegetables, spices, tuber crops, plantation crops and floriculture. 2.1.1 Land area Land area of Andhra Pradesh State is 274.40 lakh hectares which is about 9 % of the total area of Indian union which is 3060.46 lakh hectares. (1997-98). The land use pattern in the state is given in Table - 1. TABLE – 1 Sr. No	Land Use	Lakh hectares	AP as % to All India I	Geographical area	274.40	9.0 II	Reporting area for land utilisation statistics 1.	Forests	61.99	9.0 2.	Non-agricultural	25.50	-- 3.	Barren and uncultivable	20.83	-- 4.	Permanent pastures and other grazing land	6.76	6.2 5.	Area under miscellaneous tree crops and Groves not included in net Area Sown	2.77	6.8 6.	Culturable waste	7.00	5.4 7.	Fallow other than current fallow	14.21	16.3 8.	Current fallow	30.07	25.1 9.	Net area sown	105.24	7.0 10.	Total cropped Area	127.56	6.3 11.	Area swan more than once	23.46	4.6 III	Net irrigated area	42.38	7.2 IV	Gross irrigated area	55.48	7.1 Source :  Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh 2003. 2.1.2   Coastal area The state has the second largest coastline of 974 Kms. as a result fishing is one of the important economic activities in the State, Moreover 33,227 Sq. Kms. Of continental shelf, 4 lakh hectares of fresh water bodies & 1.50 lakh Hectares of brackish water area. The total surface water of entire river system of the state is estimated at 2764 TMC at 75 % dependability. 2.1.3	Administration The State has a unicameral legislation having a legislative assembly of 294 member ( 259 Male & 35 Female). In parliament 42 members are representing Loksabha & 18 members are representing Rajya Sabha. The State is divided into 28 administrative districts. In addition, there are 110 municipalities, 9 municipal corporations, 21943 Gram Panchayats. 2.2     DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT The total population of Andhra Pradesh is about 761.11 lakhs (as on 2001) which is about 7.42 % of the total population of the country. It has unique distinction of having a sex ratio  ( 1000 male : 977 female ) more than one. It is one of the very few States in the country which has achieved record level of literacy with almost every person in the State able to read and write. Literacy Rate for males 71.4 % & females 51.5 % for the year 2001. 2.2.1   Population The total population of the State is 761.11 lakhs with 384.90 lakhs males and 376.21 lakhs female. The State has sex ratio of 977 female per thousand males. The density of population is about 277 persons per sq. km. Almost 552.97 lakhs of the population is living in rural area and 208.14 lakhs in cities. 2.2.2 Language The official language of the State is Telugu, although large number of people are conversant with English & Hindi due to high rate of literacy. 2.2.3 Birth rate The State has combined birth rate during the last decade is 26 (birth per 1000 population) 2.2.4 Death rate (As on 2001) The State has combined death rate of 277 (death per 1000 population) 2.2.5  Infant Mortality Rate The State has a combined Infant Mortality Rate per 1000 live births only 65. 2.2.6  Literacy  rate (2001-Provisional) Andhra Pradesh is the well literate amongst all the States of India. The total literacy rate of the State is 61.6 % with male literacy rate of 71.4 % and female literacy rate of 51.5 %.(Excludes children in the age group 0-6 years.) 2.2.7  Working population     ( 2001-Provisional) The working population of the State is around 348.65 lakhs comprising of workers in agricultural & non agricultural including marginal workers as per census of India 2001. The total number of persons employed in agricultural sector is about 217.22 lakhs & Non agricultural sector is 131.43. 2.2.8  Per-capita income The per capita income of Andhra Pradesh at current prices rose from Rs. 16,562 in 2000-01 to Rs. 17462 in 2001-02 registering a growth rate of 6.52 % while at constant (1993-94) Prices it has gone up from Rs. 10059 in 2000-01 to Rs. 10313 in 2001-02 registering a growth rate of 2.53 %. Table - 2 Per capita income of Andhra pradesh & All India at current & constant (1980-81 &93-94 ) prices. Rs. Sr No	Year	Andhra Pradesh	India Current Prices	Growth Rate %	Constant Prices	Growth Rate %	Current Prices	Growth Rate %	Constant Prices	Growth Rate % 1	1999-00	15040	7.48	9440	3.03	15626	8.54	10068	4.33 2	2000-01 (Provi.)	16562	10.12	10059	6.56	16707	6.92	10306	2.36 3	2001-02 (Quick)	17642	6.52	10313	2.53	17978	7.61	10754	4.35 Source :  Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh 2003. (The figures in columns 4,6,8 & 10 indicate percentage growth over previous year.) 2.3    ECONOMIC SCENARIO The quick estimates of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at constant (1993-94) prices for the year 2001-02 work out to Rs. 88765 crores as against the provisional estimates of Rs. 85522 crores for the year 2000-01 registering a growth rate of 3.79 %. The primary sector has shown only a marginal growth rate of 0.18 %.The secondary and tertiary sectors registered growth rates of 3.90 % and 6.21 % respectively. In the tertiary sector Communications has shown impressive growth rate of 22.7 %. TABLE – 3 Gross State Domestic Product Of Andhra Pradesh at Factor Cost by Industry of Origin at Current Prises from 1999-00 to 2001-02 SrNo	Industry	1999 - 00	2000 – 01	2001 – 02 1.	Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing (Primary Sector 1-2 ) 1.1 a.	Agriculture	24707	27570	26360 1.1 b.	Live stock	7651	8914	10660 1.2  	Forestry	1600	1675	1792 1.3       	Fishing	3189	4224	5203 2.	Mining & Quarrying	3626	4078	4624 3.	Manufacturing (Secondary Sector 3-5) 3.1	Registered	11179	11276	11792 3.2	Un-Registered	5612	6340	6645 4.	Electricity, Gas & Water Supply	3769	3981	4204 5.	Construction	7226	8274	9472 6.	Trade, Hotel &Restaurants (Territory Sector)	16829	18284	19190 7.	Transports Storages & Communications (Tertiary Sector 7-9) 7.1	Railways	1719	1831	2031 7.2	Transport by other means & storage	4950	5440	6074 7.3	Communications	1956	2133	2713 8	Financing, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services 8.1	Banking & insurance	5158	5386	6049 8.2	Real estate, Ownership of Dwellings & Business Services	8052	9025	10359 9	Community, Social & Personal Services 9.1	Public Administration	6230	7188	7941 9.2	Other services	11783	13518	14988 Gross State Domestic Product	125236	139137	150096 Source : Statistical abstract of AP-2003. 2.3.1   Agriculture Andhra Pradesh’s economy continues to be predominantly agrarian. Andhra pradesh being important producer of groundnut, Cotton, Chillies, sugarcane etc. and quite a number of Horticultural crops, such secondary linkages of agriculture assume added importance to it’s rural economy, more so now in the context of new Agricultural Policy initiatives taken-up by the government. During 2001-02 out of 274.40 lakh hectares of geographical area 38.4 % was under net area sown, 22.6 % under forest, 11 % under current fallow lands, 9.3 % under land put to non-agricultural uses & 7.6 % under barren & uncultivable land. The state has strong base in Horticulture & leading producer of varieties of fruits and vegetables. It holds first rank in area and production of Mango, Citrus, Chillies and Turmeric, 2nd rank in Coriander, 3rd rank in Cashew, Sapota. Andhra Pradesh is a pioneering state in oil palm cultivation accounting for 55 % of india’s area under oil palm. 2.3.1.1	2.3.1.1                       Population engaged in agriculture sector As per Census of India 1991, in the State of Andhra Pradesh there are 2,84,45,482 main workers out of which 1,16,25,159 are engaged in agriculture. Together they represent 40.87 % of the total main working population of the State. 2.3.1.2  The area under cultivation: In the year 2001-02, the actual agricultural land use pattern in Andhra Pradesh was as below: Net area sown		-	1,05,24,124 	hectares Area sown more than once	-	  23,46,697	hectares Total cropped area		- 	1,27,56,359 	hectares (Net area sown including fish culture) 2.3.1.3 Area under irrigation: During the year 2001-02 the net area irrigated in the State was 42,37,868 hectares, area irrigated more than once is 13,10,765  whereas the gross area irrigated was 55,48,633 hectares. 2.3.1.4 Major crops: The major crops in the state of Andhra Pradesh are rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, Maize, Ragi, Small Millets, Pulses, Oil seeds, Cotton, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Onions, Chilies, Potatoes, turmeric, Sweet Potatoes, Bananas, Sun hemp etc. 2.3.2    MANUFACTURING SECTOR The state with rich natural resources and an abundance of skilled & trained manpower offers entrepreneurs ample investment opportunities in various sectors of the economy. The sectors that are identified as growth engines include Information Technology, Biotechnology, Infrastructure Parks, Bulk Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Tourism, Roads, Ports & Airports, Finance & Insurance & food Processing. The  manufacturing   sector  is  the  largest  economic  sector  in  the  state. It comprises of  manufacturing  units  both  registered   and   unregistered, Generation   of   electricity   and  gas,  water  supply  and construction but does not include Mining & Quarrying Sectors. The  index   of   industrial production at base level as 1993-94 = 100, was 129.8 in 1999-00, 135.1 in 2000-01 & 138.1 in 2001-02. Textile Products (including Wearing Apparel) and Basic Chemicals & Chemical Products (except products of Petroleum & Coal) has the largest share in industrial production followed by and wool, Silk & Man made fibers. 2.3.2.1. Contribution to State income: Gross State domestic product of Andhra Pradesh at factor cost by Industry of origin at constant (93-94 base year) prices of the year 2001-02, the manufacturing sector contributed 12,303 Crores. 2.3.2.2. Employment: As per Census of India 1991 issued by Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh there are 9,55,507 workers engaged in manufacturing Processing, Servicing & Repairs sector. They represent 3.36 % of the total main working population of the state. 2.3.2.3	2.3.2.3           Contribution to export Major items of Export in Andhra Pradesh are Tobacco, Coffee, Sunflower Extraction, Molasses, Palmyrah Fiber, Herbal Extraction, Leather Garments, Finished Leather, Rough & Polished Granite Blocks, Readymade Garments, Cotton Terry Towels, Cotton Yarn, Crochet Lace, Gems & jewelry, Imitation Jewelary, Druges & Pharmaceuticals, Ceiling Fans, Transformer Battaries, Computer Soft ware Etc. The exports from Andhra Pradesh for the year 2001-02 is of Rs. 11357 Crores. Details of items exported from the State of Andhra Pradesh during 1999 to 2002 along with their value in rupee Crores are given in Table – 4. TABLE – 4 (Rs. Crores) Sr. No.	Item	1999-00	2000-01	2001-02 1.	Agricultural & Agro Based Products	2575.36	2728.00	2891.00 2.	Leather, Animal & Marine Products	1231.40	1130.00	1145.00 3.	Mineral & Mineral Product	474.80	498.00	634.00 4.	Handloom & Textiles	395.71	395.00	406.00 5.	Handicrafts	41.00	45.00	191.00 6.	Drugs & pharmaceuticals	1251.00	1751.00	2105.00 7.	Engineering items	1231.81	1305.00	1045.00 8.	Electrical & Electronics	54.92	60.50	45.00 9.	Software	1059.00	1917.00	2895.00 Total	8315.00	9829.50	11357.00 Source :- Economy Survey 2002-03, Govt. of AP. 2.3.3. MINING SECTOR Andhra Pradesh is the second largest storehouse of Mineral Resources in India. The mineral resources in the states are mainly Fuel Minerals and Metallic & Non Metallic Minerals. Fuel Mineral Includes Natural Gas (Utilised), Coal & Petroleum (Crude. A total 48 Minerals are located with vast explored resources of coal, Lime stone, Bauxite, Barytes, Mica, Beach Sand, Granite, Limestone Slab etc., and good resources of Oil & Natural Gas, Manganese, Asbestos, Iron ore, Ball Clay, Fire Clay, Gold, Diamonds, Graphite, Dolomite, Quartz, Tungstan, Steatite, Feldspar, Silica Sand etc. 2.3.3.1 Contribution to state income: During the year 2001-02 the mineral revenue in the state was Rs. 610.27 Crores. The department has already achieved a revenue of Rs. 381.25 Crores upto the end of November,2002 with an over all percentage of achievement of   89.91 % (Coal sector 83.90 % and Non Coal Sector 93.75 %) 2.3.3.2  Population engaged: As per the estimates provided by Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh about 2,47,191 persons (0.87 %) are employed in mining & quarrying sector in the state. 2.3.3.3. Mining area production: The most of the mining activities in the state are concentrated minly in Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East & West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Karnool, Mahabubnagar, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Adilabad, Karim Nagar, Warangal & Khammam Districts. Details about the production of major minerals like Coal, Natural Gas & Limestone are given in table- 5 TABLE – 5 Sr. No.	Year	Coal (Tonnes)	Natural Gas (mcm)	Lime Stone 000’ Tonnes 1.	1999-2000	29555808	1347	23374 2.	2000-2001	30274237	1580	21692 3.	2001-2002	30811000	1777	21707 Source: Coal : Source :- Economy Survey 2002-03, Govt. of AP. 2.3.3.4. Cargo handled: The volume of cargo handled at the port of Kakinada during the year 1999-2000 was 38,04,271 tonnes whereas the volume of cargo handled at the port of Vizag. during the year 2001-02 was 8697000 tonnes. 2.3.4. POWER GENERATION The erstwhile APSEB, which was formed in 1959, has been restructured into two functionally distinct corporations APGENCO & APTRANSCO with the effect from Feb., 1999. From 1959 to 2001 the installed capacity has been increased from 213 MW to 7980 MW, the consumer served have grown up from a 2.7 lakhs to 134.12 lakhs, the energy handled per annum from 686 MU to 44613 MU. The annual revenues are increased from mere Rs. 6.6 Crs. To Rs. 5,525 Crs. Apart from the phenomenal progress cited above, APSEB stood first among all other SEBs in capacity additions, highest in operating efficiency of thermal power stations, largest network expansion, first to introduce energy Audit and front runner in embracing. The present capacity in the State i.e. in 2002-03 (upto Oct.,2001) including central sector is 9850 MW. The power generation available for use during 2002-03 (upto October, 2001) was 26122 MU. To meet with the growing demand for power, the state is constructing projects in state sector as well as encouraging private sector to implement Gas based & other projects. In addition to Thermal, Hydel, Gas & Wind there are some other resource like share from Central Sector Projects, Capative Power Plants, Purchase from Other States & Private Sector, NTPC (ER) to meet with the day today requirement of state. TABLE - 6 Power Development upto March,2001. Sr. No.	Item	Year 1959	March, 2001 1.	Peak Demand (MW)	146.00	7143.00 2.	Consumers served (lakh Nos.)	2.70	134.12 3.	Annual Energy handled (MU)	686.00	446.13 4.	Agricultural Services (Lakh Nos.)	0.18	19.39 5.	Annual revenue (Rs. Crores)	6.60	5525.00 Source :- Economy Survey 2002-03, Govt. of AP. 2.3.5   ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR Andhra Pradesh has a network of roads having a total length of 26762 kms. In 1956. In view of the high potential in agricultural activity there has been huge increase in road net work. The total road network is at 195109 Kms. as on 31/3/03. APSRTC with a fleet strength of 19084 as on 31/3/01 grew to 19438 as on 31/3/02.It is the largest SRT undertaking in the country entered in the Limca book as well the Guinness World Record as on 31/10/1999. As on 31/3/02 there were 212 depots, where the fleet is based for operations within the states. The Corporation operates over 57.17 lakh Kms. per day carrying 1.03 Crores of passengers daily. Growth of vehicle is as given in the table.- 7 TABLE - 7 Sr. No.	Vehicle	1999-2000	2000-01	2001-02 1.	Stage Carriages	3314	3314	3314 2.	Goods Carriages	213512	234863	258349 3.	Contract Carriages	2065	2065	6289 4.	Motor Cabs	161228	182187	224842 5.	Others	79405	91315	93470 6.	4- Wheelers	240911	274639	303378 7.	2 – Wheelers	2958629	3254491	3485308 8.	Stage Carriages (RTC)	19021	19184	19464 Source :- Economy Survey 2002-03, Govt. of AP. 2.3.5.1 Contribution to State Income : Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation earned Rs.2,57,565 lakhs as earnings during the year 2001-02, while it carried 37,447 lakhs passengers. 2.3.5.2	2.3.5.2             Road Lengths TABLE - 8 Length of Roads in 2001 – 02 Category	Road Length (Kms) National Highways	4104 State Roads	8,201 Major District Roads	34,605 Other District Roads	18,233 Rural Roads	1,03,814 Local Bodies Roads	17,752 Project Roads	8,400 Total	1,95,109 Source :- Economy Survey 2002-03, Govt. of AP. 2.3.5.3  Employment Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) is one of the largest employer in the state having about 1,26,418 employees on its roles during the year 2001-02. 2.3.5.4  Road Accidents Number of road accidents in the year 2001 are 30,031. Out of which 8,428 fatalities are there in 7,584 number of accidents. In 6283 number of accidents 9,854 persons got grievious injuries whereas during 15,166 number of accidents 27,617 persons sustained minor injuries.. There are 998 cases of nearmiss Maximum number of accidents were due to trucks, followed by heavy vehicles and cars/jeep/taxies. 2.3.6  AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR In the State of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad is one of the (12 model Airport) important domestic airport in the country. International air traffic has increased with the introduction of Malaysian & Emirate Airways. A cold Storage facility for perishable cargo has been provided. Modifications are being carried out in the Rajiv Gandhi terminal to facilitate handling of higher capacity of international traffic. 2.3.7   FISHING SECTOR THE state has 974 Kms. Length of coastline, 33,227 Sq. Kms. Of continental shelf, 4 lakh hectors of fresh water bodies & 1.50 lakh Hectares of brackish water area. The fish production from 1999-2000 to 2001-2002 are as per table given below : TABLE – 9 Fish Production (Lakh Tonns) Year	Marine	Inland Fish	Shrimp	Fish	FW Prawn 1999-2000	1.42	0.24	3.45	0.35 2000-2001	1.57	0.25	3.65	0.42 2001-2002	1.80	0.24	4.27	0.44 Fisheries is one of the growth engines under vision 2020. The state ranks second in inland fisheries, first in brackish water shrimp and fresh water prawn (scampi) and fifth in marine fish production. To promote aqua exports infrastructure development including for improvement of hygiene at the fish landing centers at Vizag, Kakinada & Nizampatnam and setting up antibiotic residue resting laboratories have been taken up at accost of Rs. 3 Crores. 2.3.7.1 Contribution to State Income It is a potential income generating sector. The total fish & Prawn production increased from 5.89 lakh tones during the year 2000-01 to 6.75 lakh tones during the year 2001-02. 2.3.7.2  Fish Processing Andhra Pradesh leads other marine states of India in shrimp production from the sea. The Government of Andhra Pradesh is giving a special thrust on the culture and capture of fresh water prawn (Scampi) and increase the area under culture from 12,000 hectares to 25000 hectares and utilizing the existing irrigation water bodies also. To promote aqua exports infrastructure development including for improvement of hygiene at the fishing landing centers at Vizag, Kakinada and Nizampatanam and setting up antibiotic residue resting laboratories have been taken up at a cost of Rs. 3 Crores. MANUFACTURING SECTOR 3.1.	3.1.          MAJOR INDUSTRIES As per index of industrial production for 1996-97, the following industries contributed to most of the value of industrial production in the state as given in Table - 10. TABLE - 10 Ind. Code	Description	1999-00	2000-01	2001-02 20-21	Food Products	115.5	121.6	113.3 22	Beverages, Tobacco & related products	96.6	95.9	107.9 23	Cotton Textile	124.2	126.4	138.9 24	Wool, Silk & Man made Fiber Textile	174.5	182.5	178.9 25	Jute & Other Vegetable Fiber Textiles (except cotton)	97.4	96.3	93.5 26	Textile product (including wearing Apparel )	206.8	237.7	280.8 27	Woo & wood Products, furniture & Fixtures	115.9	130.4	105.6 28	Paper and paper products, Printing, publishing and allied industries	150.4	163.6	171.3 29	Leather & Fur products	161.3	128.2	82.3 30	Basic Chemical & Chemical Products (except products of Petroleum & Coal Products)	164.7	171.6	177.9 31	Rubber, Plastic, Petroleum & Coal Products	114.8	142.8	152.7 32	Non-metallic Mineral Products	119.0	105.5	109.1 33	Basic Metal and Alloy Industries	148.5	138.1	139.3 34	Metal Products and Parts, except Machinery and equipment	88.4	87.0	64.3 35-36	Machinery & other equipment other than Transport Equipment	128.5	150.0	163.2 37	Transport Equipment and parts	145.3	157.8	153.6 38	Other Manufacturing Industries	152.3	206.1	168.3 1	Mining and Quarrying	117.2	120.1	122.2 2-3	Manufacturing	129.8	135.1	138.1 4	Electricity	159.8	156.9	151.3 General Index	132.5	136.7	138.8 (Source : Statistical Abstract of AP -2003) In the small scale sector, the contribution to the value of industrial production by majority of industries as on 31.3.2001 was as given in Table - 11. TABLE – 11 Working Of Factories Registered Under Sections 2 m (i) & 2 m (ii) 1999-00 (Rs. In Lakhs) Number of District	Wages to the Workers (Rs.)	Total emolument (Rs.)	Total Input (Rs.)	Total Output (Rs.)	Deprecia- tion (Rs.)	Net Value Added (Rs.) 23	2,14,301	3,37,195	47,32,070	58,49,398	2,06,287	9,11,037 (Source : Directorate Of economics & Statistics, AP) 3.2	MAJOR INDUSTRIAL CENTERS Guntur district is having largest number of factories. The distribution of working factories in major districts during 1999-2000 is as given below; TABLE – 12 Working Factories & Employment Sr. No. District	Nos. of Factories	Workers	Employees 1	Visakhapatnam	426	38,755	51,029 2.	East Godavari	901	26,690	33,556 3.	West Godavari	660	30,121	35,120 4.	Krishna	637	23,920	31,181 5.	Guntur	1,714	44,301	56,051 6.	Prakasam	540	12,329	15,131 7.	Chittoor	569	19,337	24,196 8.	Anantapur	544	5,655	7,245 9.	Kurnool	821	13,216	17,456 10.	Ranga Reddy	1,523	58,888	89,477 11.	Hyderabad	644	17,391	24,087 12.	Medak	576	1,10,547	1,30,325 13.	Warangal	413	29,112	30,784 14.	Karimnagar	369	1,02,331	1,05,164 15.	Nizamabad	337	1,54,996	1,58,264 (Source : Directorate Of economics & Statistics, AP) 3.3	3.3            INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES, STRIKES, LOCKOUTS AND MANDAYS LOST Industrial disputes in the state are inclining over the years. In the year 1999-00, total disputes (strikes) handled increased to 14 in 2001 from 9 in 1999. Only 16 disputes led to lockouts in 2002 which showed a decrease from 26 in the year 1999. The total man-days lost due to strikes and lockouts inclined to 9,707 millions during 2001 from 96,668 in 1999. Please see table -13 TABLE – 13 Sr. No. Year	Strikes	Lock-outs	No. of Man days lost	No. of Workers involved 1.	1999	9	26	9,668	18,35,592 2.	2000	10	19	11,888	30,17,604 3.	2001	14	16	9,707	16,20,977 (Source : Statistical Abstract of AP- 2003, AND Web if Dept of Factories)

MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES COVERED UNDER THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 4.1      REGISTERED FACTORIES As on 31.12.2002 there were 36,290 factories on the register, under section 2m(i) & 2m(ii) & 85 (i). TABLE - 14 Catego-ry of Factor-ies	Nos. of register-ed factories	Nos. of working factori-es	Nos. of factories submit-ing returns	Nos. of factories not submitting returns	Avg. Nos. of workers employ-ed in the factories submit-ing returns	Estimated Avg. daily employment in the factories not submitting returns	Total Avg. daily no. of workers employed in the factories submitting and not submitting returns (6+7) 1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8 2m (i)	20322	17396	6714	10682	358083	287023	645106 2m (ii)	693	469	135	334	7800	13233	21033 85 (i)	15275	12882	3499	9383	19460	38177	57637 TOTAL	36290	30747	10348	20399	385343	338433	723776 4.1.1  Working Factories: In the State of Andhra Pradesh once a factory is registered it is considered as working factory till its name is removed from the list of registered factories. Therefore, it is estimated that as on 31/12/2002 there are 30,747 working factories in the State. Under the provisions of the Central Act and under Special notifications issued by the State Government as on 31/12/2002, only 10,348 factories submitted annual return. There are 20,399 number of factories which do not submit annual returns. Manufacturing of food products & Beverages is the single largest industry as per the annual returns received from various factories in the State. There are 4555 (44.01 %) such factories. Manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product factories (1418 nos.) constitute about 13.70 %, whereas Manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product (1092 nos.) constitute 10.56 % of the factories submitting returns. Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products factories (412 nos.) constitute 3.98 % of the factories submitting returns. The break-up of factories submitting return for the year 2002 in some of the major industrial sectors is given in Table - 15. TABLE – 15 NIC Div. Type of Industry	Nos. of Factories submitting return	Percentage %		Public Sector	Private Sector	Total 1	Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry	3	348	351	3.40 14	Other Mining and Quarrying	-	234	234	2.26 15	Manufacturing of food products & Beverages	76	4479	4555	44.01 16	Manufacturing of Tobacco Product	-	80	80	0.77 17	Manufacture of Textile	3	191	194	1.87 18	Manufacture of Wearing Apparels	1	17	18	0.17 19	Tanning and Dressing of Leather	-	48	48	0.46 20	Manufacturing of Wood & Wood Product	-	1092	1092	10.56 21	Manufacturing of Paper & Paper Product	-	131	131	1.27 22	Publishing Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media	4	102	106	1.03 23	Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel	14	33	47	0.46 24	Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products	3	409	412	3.98 25	Manufacture of Rubber & Plastic Products	3	244	247	2.39 26	Manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product	3	1415	1418	13.70 27	Manufacture of Basic Metal	3	207	210	2.03 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment	2	360	362	3.50 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C	12	175	187	1.80 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus	8	120	128	1.24 32	Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus	-	44	44	0.42 33	Manufacture of Medical Precision and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks	1	11	12	0.14 34	Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers	7	75	82	0.80 35	Manufacture of other Transport Equipment	6	8	14	0.14 36	Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing N.E.C.	2	46	48	0.47 37	Recycling	-	7	7	0.06 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam And Hot Water Supply	21	38	59	0.58 41	Collection, Purification and Distribution of Water	7	1	8	0.07 45	Construction	-	2	2	0.01 50	Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel 	105	99	204	1.97 51	Wholesale Trade and Commission Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles. 2	-	2	0.02 52	Retail Trade, except of Motor Vehicles and motor Cycles	-	1	1	0.01 60	Land Transport ; Transport via Pipelines	2	-	2	0.01 63	Supporting & Auxiliary Transport Activities	2	24	26	0.25 72	Computer and Related Activities	-	1	1	0.01 90	Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation and Similar Activities	1	-	1	0.01 92	Recreational, Cultural and Sporting Activities	-	5	5	0.04 93	Other Service Activities	-	10	10	0.09 Total Nos. of Factories submitting returns	291	10,057	10,348	100 4.1.2	4.1.2      Employment in registered factories: As on 31/12/2002, employment details in the manufacturing sector comprising of registered as well as unregistered factories are already given as above. There are 36,290 number of factories on the register at the end of the period (31/12/02). Amongst 30,747 working factories only 10,348 factories submitted complete annual returns for the year 2002 and 20,399 number of factories have not submitted annual returns. Therefore, the details of employment, man-days worked etc., are pertaining to these factories only. TABLE - 16 Type of Sector	Total Working Factories	Total Work-ing Factor-ies Submit. Returns	Factories Not Submitted Returns	Total No. of Man-days	Total No. of Man-hours	Average Daily No. of workers employ-ed No. Of Working Factor-ies	Estimated Daily Worker Public 	622	291	331	55635	23527918	188720663	73314 Private	30125	10057	20068	282798	81539826	653674062	312029 Total	30747	10348	20399	338433	105067744	842394725	385343 Manufacture of food product is employing largest number of persons (110990) contributes 6.25 % to the total workforce comprises 24119 female workers. Manufacture of Textile product with 42061 persons employed contributes 0.96 % to the total workforce, comprising of 3732 female workers. Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products with 30716 persons employed contributes 0.64 % to the total workforce, comprises of 2469 female workers. Non-metallic mineral products with 28046 persons employed contributes 0.70 % to the total workforce, comprising of 2726 female workers. The break-up of employment for the year 2002 in major industrial sectors is given in Table - 17. TABLE – 17 Employment in Industrial Sectors NIC Div. Type of  Industry	Average daily number of persons employed Male	Female	Total 1	Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry	9020	6137	15155 14	Other Mining and Quarrying	2465	537	3002 15	Manufacturing of food products & Beverages	86871	24119	110990 16	Manufacturing of Tobacco Product	4611	4160	8771 17	Manufacture of Textile	3829	3732	42061 18	Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing & Dyeing of Fur	456	350	806 19	Tanning and Dressing of Leather	1125	326	1451 20	Manufacturing of Wood & Wood Product	5503	54	5557 21	Manufacturing of Paper & Paper Product	12713	642	13355 22	Publishing Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media	5088	255	5343 23	Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel	1905	55	1960 24	Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products	28247	2469	30716 25	Manufacture of Rubber & Plastic Products	10104	640	10744 26	Manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product	25320	2726	28046 27	Manufacture of Basic Metal	25342	954	26296 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment	10091	534	10625 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C	17273	829	18102 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus	7616	637	8253 32	Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus	1794	340	2134 33	Manufacture of Medical Precision and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks	599	62	661 34	Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers	3539	50	3589 35	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	10912	266	11178 36	Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing N.E.C.	2141	572	2713 37	Recycling	150	22	172 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam And Hot Water Supply	9218	7873	17091 41	Collection, Purification and Distribution of Water	188	7	195 45	Construction	228	-	228 50	Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel 	11550	169	11719 51	Wholesale Trade and Commission Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles	60	-	60 52	Retail Trade, except of Motor Vehicles and motor Cycles	83	24	107 60	Land Transport ; Transport via Pipelines	142	-	142 63	Supporting & Auxiliary Transport Activities	1239	97	1336 72	Computer and Related Activities	12	-	12 90	Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation and Similar Activities	10	-	10 92	Recreational, Cultural and Sporting Activities	237	22	259 93	Other Service Activities	167	177	344 Total	334158	51235	385343 4.1.3  Mandays worked: In the State of Andhra Pradesh total man-days worked in the factories submitting returns during 2002 were 10,50,67,744. The industry-wise break-up about the man-days worked in major manufacturing activities in the state are given in Table - 18. TABLE – 18 Industry-wise Man-days worked NIC Div. Type of Industry	Total No. of Man-days Worked	Percentage % 1	Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry	2008896	1.91 14	Other Mining and Quarrying	526325	0.50 15	Manufacturing of food products & Beverages	25881341	24.64 16	Manufacturing of Tobacco Product	1691199	1.60 17	Manufacture of Textile	12347530	11.76 18	Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing & Dyeing of Fur	184926	0.18 19	Tanning and Dressing Of Leather	303653	0.29 20	Manufacturing of Wood & Wood Product	1418919	1.36 21	Manufacturing of Paper & Paper Product	4563599	4.35 22	Publishing Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media	1616444	1.54 23	Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Prod. & Nuclear Fuel	610354	0.59 24	Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products	9724099	9.26 25	Manufacture of Rubber & Plastic Products	3201971	3.06 26	Manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product	7811845	7.44 27	Manufacture of Basic Metal	8638709	8.22 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment	3122017	2.98 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C	5395558	5.13 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus	2507872	2.38 32	Manufacture Of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus	636200	0.60 33	Manufacture of Medical, Precision and Optical Instruments, Watch and Clock	198288	0.18 34	Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers	1062166	1.01 35	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	3283906	3.12 36	Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing Not Elsewhere Classified	793820	0.75 37	Recycling	49798	0.04 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam And Hot Water Supply	2847467	2.71 41	Collection, Purification and Distribution of Water	68775	0.06 45	Construction	68873	0.06 50	Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel 	3846452	3.66 51	Wholesale Trade and Commission Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles	21600 	0.02 52	Retail Trade, except of Motor Vehicles and motor Cycles	32100	0.03 60	Land Transport ; Transport via Pipelines	40328	0.03 63	Supporting & Auxiliary Transport Activities	369776	0.35 72	Computer and Related Activities	3600	0.01 90	Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation and Similar Activities	3650	0.01 92	Recreational, Cultural and Sporting Activities	77700	0.07 93	Other Service Activities	107988	0.10 TOTAL	105067744	100 Total Man-days Worked : Private 	:	 81539826 Public  	: 	  23527918 Total   	: 	105067744 Manufacture of food products and Beverages accounts for highest 24.64 % of the total mandays worked in the factories submitting returns. Manufacture of Textiles products accounts for about 11.76 % of the man-days worked. Manufacture of basic chemicals and chemical products accounts for about 9.26 % of the mandays worked. Manufacture of Basic Metals contributed almost 8.22 % of the mandays worked followed by Manufacture of other Non – Metallic Mineral products (7.44 %) 4.1.4   Manhours worked: In number of factories there are more than one shift working. As a result total manhours worked in the factories submitting returns during 2002 were 94,02,55,556. In which Contribution by men is 83,83,34,751 & by women is 10,19,20,805. Manufacture of food products and beverages accounts for the highest 27.20 % of the total manhours worked. Here about 22.15 % of those Man-hours are contributed by Men and 5.05 % by female workers. Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products was the second largest 10.23 % industry contributing to total manhours worked in factories submitting returns. There was substantial 0.74 % contribution to the manhours from female workers in this industry. Manufacture of Basic Metal accounted 9.07 % followed by manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product (8.19 %) of the total manhours. The major industry-wise break-up about the manhours worked (in millions) sex-wise in major manufacturing activities in the state are given in Table - 19. The sector wise manhours worked is given in Table - 20. TABLE – 19 Manhours worked Sex-wise NIC Div. Type of Industry	Man-hours Worked Male	Female	Total 1	Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry	10140931	5973271	16114202 14	Other Mining and Quarrying	3530984	679616	4210600 15	Manufacturing of food products & Beverages	168874767	38523515	207398282 16	Manufacturing of Tobacco Product	9245848	4355928	13601776 17	Manufacture of Textile	9815212	9527822	19343034 18	Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing & Dyeing of Fur	804752	 674656	1479408 19	Tanning and Dressing Of Leather	2182559	539192	2721751 20	Manufacturing of Wood & Wood Product	11233787	111568	11345355 21	Manufacturing of Paper & Paper Product	34998248	1510536	36508784 22	Publishing Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media	12311705	612098	12923803 23	Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel	4765171	137816	4902987 24	Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products	7312269	5705567	78017836 25	Manufacture of Rubber & Plastic Products	24220667	1465792	25686459 26	Manufacture of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Product	57465517	4973033	62438550 27	Manufacture of Basic Metal	66851794	2318936	69170730 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment	23508348	1257952	24766300 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C	41162596	2016610	43179206 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus	18550741	1539344	20090085 32	Manufacture Of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus	4328624	760976	5089600 33	Manufacture of Medical, Precision and Optical Instruments, Watch and Clock	1437768	148526	1586304 34	Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers	8378264	119064	8497328 35	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	25635674	643944	26274618 36	Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing Not Elsewhere Classified	5224750	1327248	6551998 37	Recycling	347952	50432	398384 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam And Hot Water Supply	22006472	774608	22781080 41	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	532760	17440	550200 45	Construction	565539	-	565539 50	Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel 	29986591	910378	30896969 51	Whole sale Trade and Commission Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles & Motorcycles	172800	    -	172800 52	Retail Trade, except of Motor Vehicles and motor Cycles	199200	57600	256800 60	Land Transport; Transport via Pipelines	322624	-	322624 63	Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Activities; Activities of Travel Agencies	2748024	210184	2958208 72	Computer and Related Activities	28800	-	28800 90	Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation and Similar Activities	29200	-	29200 92	Recreational, Cultural and Sporting Activities	568800	52800	621600 93	Other Service Activities	402016	461888	863904 TOTAL	674895754	87449350	762345104 TABLE – 20 Man-hours worked Sector-wise and Sex-wise Sector	Man-hours Worked Men	Women	Total Public Sector	182238169	6482494	188720663 Private Sector	572707206	80966856	653674062 Grand Total	754945375	87449350	842394725 4.2      HAZARDOUS UNITS As per the provisions of the Factories Act, 1948, any unit carrying on manufacturing process which has potential to cause material impairment to the health of the workers or pollution of the general environment, is termed as a unit carrying on hazardous process. Similarly, State Government is also empowered to declare any operation or process as dangerous, if in its opinion the process or operation has a potential to cause a serious bodily injury, poisoning or diseases to persons exposed to such operation or processes. The details of Hazardous units are given in Table - 21. TABLE - 21 Factories Carrying On Processes Or Operations Declared Dangerous Under Section 87 And Workers Employed In Such Operations (For The Year Ending 31/12/02) NIC Div. Factory In which Dangerous Process / Operations are involved	No. of working factories	Average daily No. of workers employed in the entire factory	Average daily No. of workers employed in danger- ous process / operation 01	Agriculture, Hunting and related service activities	11	591	137 14	Other Mining and Quarrying	2	99	33 15	Manufacture of food products and Beverages	194	19649	6076 16	Manufacture of Tobacco product	2	40	40 17	Manufacture of Textile	36	6002	581 19	Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of luggage, Hand Bags etc.	34	876	309 21 	Manufacture of Paper and Paper products	5	9869	672 22	Publishing Printing and Reproduction of Record Media	1	50	29 23	Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum products and Nuclear fuel	27	1620	698 24	Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products	363	34023	9301 25	Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Product	29	3681	429 26	Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products	152	9043	1985 27	Manufacture of Basic Metals	140	23856	2499 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, except Machinery and Equipment	84	1450	587 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C.	4	4898	285 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and apparatus N.E.C.	4	336	55 33	Manufacture of Medical Precision and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks. 1	427	13 34	Manufacture of Motor vehicles, Trailers and Semi trailers	6	621	72 35	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	1	1992	409 36	Manufacture of Furniture manufacturing N.E.C.	8	112	7 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Supply	5	396	99 41	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	2	140	12 50	Sale, Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel. 2	34	7 60	Land Transport, Transport Via Pipe lines	3	142	19 63	Supporting and Auxiliary, Transport activities, Activities of travel agencies	5	60	13 TOTAL	1121	120007	24367 4.3	MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS (MAH)  UNITS The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 framed under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 provides for classification / categorization of factories as hazardous installations according to level of hazards involved. There are three such categories in which a factory can be classified into, to comply with the different sets of standards/provisions as contained therein. The middle or upper tier requirements are applicable to the factories handling specified chemicals beyond certain threshold limits/quantities. These are generally referred to as MAH installation/MAH units. 4.3.1  Number of units: There are total 120 MAH units in the State. The industry-wise break-up is given in Table- 22. TABLE – 22 Major Accident Hazardous Units SR. NO. TYPE OF INDUSTRY	NO. OF UNITS 1	Steel and Engineering Industries	6 2	Power Generation	4 3	Pulp and Paper	5 4	Fertilisers	4 5	Oil Refineries (Petroleum)	2 6	Petro Chemicals	1 7	Chloro-Alkali Industries	3 8	Bulk Drugs and Chemical Industries	25 9	Distilleries and Breweries	3 10	Pesticides and Insecticides	18 11	Man-made Fibers	1 12	Glass and Ceramic including Glass Fiber Industry	6 13	Explosives Manufacturing Units	5 14	Petroleum Bulk Storages	18 15	LPGF Storages an d Bottling Plant	18 16	Ammonia Storage Plant	1 TOTAL	120 4.3.2	4.3.2      Employment : The details of employment in 120 MAH units  for  the  year  2002  are  given  in  Table - 23. TABLE – 23 SR. NO. TYPE OF INDUSTRY	NO. OF UNITS	NO. OF PERSONS EMPLOYED MALE	FEMALE	TOTAL 1	Steel and Engineering Industries	6	19244	817	20061 2	Power Generation	4	2466	12	2478 3	Pulp and Paper	5	9527	202	9729 4	Fertilisers	4	4676	37	4713 5	Oil Refineries (Petroleum)	2	2900	-	2900 6	Petro Chemicals	1	399	1	400 7	Chloro-Alkali Industries	3	1418	-	1418 8	Bulk Drugs and Chemical Industries	25	2844	186	3030 9	Distilleries and Breweries	3	985	279	1264 10	Pesticides and Insecticides	18	1698	129	1827 11	Man-made Fibers	1	1750	-	1750 12	Glass and Ceramic including Glass Fiber Industry	6	2140	9	2149 13	Explosives Manufacturing Units	5	3000	104	3104 14	Petroleum Bulk Storages	18	1594	67	1661 15	LPGF Storages and Bottling Plant	18	1741	20	1761 16	Ammonia Storage Plant	1	99	1	100 TOTAL	120	56481	1864	58345 4.3.3	  Chemical-Wise  MAH  Factories  In Andhra  Pradesh TABLE – 24 Chemical -Wise  MAH   Factories SR. NO. MAME OF CHEMICAL	THRESHOLD QUANTITY IN TONES	NO. OF FACTORIES 1	L.P.G. Usage & Bottling factories	U/Sch-2-50 T	19 U/Sch-3-15 T	17 2	Chloro-Alkali Units producing Chlorine	10 T	3 Chlorine usage Factories	10 T	19 3	Bulk oil storage installation having storages of M.S., H.S.D. & S.K.O. 7000 T for M.S. and 10000 T for H.S.D. & S.K.O	14 4	Naphtha based power plants & Refinery 	U/Sch-3 - 1500 T & above	4 Isolated Storages having Naphtha	U/Sch-2 – 7000 T	3 5	Ammonia	50 T and above	5 6	Carbon- di – Sulphide	20 T and above	6 7	Pesticide formulations and Mfg. Units Having - Methyl parathion, Ethion, Prorate, carbofuran, parathion	0.1 T	16 8	Ethanol, Rectified Spirit	1500 T	3 9	Lead Azide, Lead Styphate 	0.1 T	4 PETN	50 T	10	Tolune di Iso Cyanate (TDI)	10 T	1 11	Propylene	15 T	1 12	Hydrogen Floride	05 T	1 13	Sodium Chlorate 	25 T	1 Sulphur Dioxide	20 T	14	Benzene	1500 T	1 15	Methylene Di - Iso yanate (MDI)	20 T	1 16	1,3-Butadiene	15 T	1 TOTAL UNITS	120 4.3.4 Status Report On Mah Activities I	    MAH ‘A’ Category Factories Identified Working	-	120 Closed	-	 53 II	    Documents received from MAH ‘A’ Category TABLE - 25 SR. NO. RELATED INFORMATION	NO. OF FACTORIES REQUIRED TO SUBMIT DOCUMENTS	NO. OF FACTORIES FROM WHICH DOCUMENTS ACTUALLY RECEIVED	DUE 1	On-site Emergency Plans	120	118	2 2	Chemical Fact Sheets	120	110	10 3	Safety Committee Constituted	120	114	6 4	Safety Policies	120	114	6 5	Particulars of Experience & qualifications of Supervisory Personnel	120	112	8 6	Safety Survey Reports	120	110	10 7	Inventories of Hazardous Chemicals	120	113	7 8	Hazard analysis and Risk Assessment	114	105	9* 9	Annual Safety Audit Reports for 2002-03	49	26	23** 10	Safety Reports in Schedule VIII	49	42	7 III  	Mock Drill Conducted 				-	220 Nos. IV  	No. of Isolated storage installations 		-	 36 Nos. covered under Factories Act identified
 * -   Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Report is not being insisted in the case of small insecticide & pesticide formulation units and SSI Chemical Units.
 * -    Annual Safety Audit Reports are not being insisted from the isolated Storage installations in  view of the audit by the OISD (Oil Industry Safety Directorate) which is mandatory for al the Petroleum Bulk Oil / LPG installations.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN  MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES COVERED UNDER THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 The state of Andhra Pradesh has 30,747 number of working industries covered under the Factories Act 1948. In the year 2002 there are 2316 reportable accidents in these factories. Out of which 99 are fatal and 2217 non-fatal injuries. The task force could not analyze all the reported accidents because of the constraints of resources such as time and funds. Therefore the taskforce selected a sample of few non-fatal accidents to know the trend of non-fatal injuries in various type of industries. All the 99 cases of fatal injuries were analyzed. For classification of accidents the Indian Standards 3786-1983 titled classification of industrial accidents along with the ILO code of practice on recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases were used. The industries were classified according to the new industrial classification – 1987 NIC Code. The fatal and non-fatal injuries have been dealt with separately and a number of injuries have been taken for each group of industries. CAUSE WISE INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS DURING  THE YEAR 2002. Table – 26 Cause Wise Industrial Accidents ( Fatal And Non Fatal ) SR. NO. TYPE OF ACCIDENTS	NO. OF ACCIDENTS	% OF TOTAL ACCIDENTS 1	Fall of Person	253	11 2	Fall of Object	291	13 3	Stepping, Striking, Struck against 	596	26 4	Caught in between objects	254	11 5	Over exertion or wrong movement	47	2 6	Expose to or contact with extreme temperature	21	1 7	Expose to or contact with harmful substances	53	2 8	Others	801	34 TOTAL	2316	100 5.1	FATAL INJURIES As on 31/12/02 fatal injuries are 99 in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The analysis has been done Industry wise, Cause wise, Sex wise. 5.1.1	5.1.1     Industry wise : Out of the total 99 fatal injuries analyzed out of which 22 % fatal injuries are in the units manufacturing of food products and Beverages, 20 % fatal injuries are in Manufacturing of Chemicals and Chemical Products. 14 % fatal injuries are in other Non-metallic Mineral Products. The industry wise fatal injuries are given in Table - 27. TABLE – 27 Industry-Wise Fatal Injuries NIC Div. Type of Factory	No. of Fatal Injuries	Percentage ( % ) 01	Agriculture, Hunting and related service activities	3	3 15	Manufacture of food products and Beverages	21	22 17	Manufacture of Textile	5	5 21 	Manufacture of Paper and Paper products	2	2 24	Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products	20	20 25	Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Product	1	1 26	Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products	14	14 27	Manufacture of Basic Metals	9	9 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, except Machinery and Equipment	3	3 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C.	6	6 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and apparatus N.E.C.	1	1 35	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	4	4 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Supply	3	3 50	Sale, Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel. 7	7 TOTAL	99	100 5.1.2	Cause wise : The analysis of the 99 fatal injuries shows that persons falling has contributed to about 22 % of the fatal accidents. 16 % were due to Machinery Moved by Mechanical Power, 14 % due to Electricity, 10 % due to Transport. The Table - 28 shows the number of cause-wise fatal injuries and their percentage. TABLE – 28 Cause Wise Fatal Injuries Sr. No. Type Of Accident	No. of Fatal Accidents	Percentage ( % ) 1	Prime Movers (101)	-	- 2	Machinery Moved by Mechanical Power (102 – 112)	16	16 3	Machinery not moved by Mechanical Power (122 – 123)	-	- 4	Transport (113 – 116)	10	10 5	Electricity	14	14 6	Explosions (118)	9	9 7	Fires (119)	6	6 8	Gassing (120)	4	4 9	Molten and other hot or corrosive substances (121)	7	7 10	Hand tools (124)	1	1 11	Struck by falling body (125)	3	3 12	Person falling ( 126 - 128)	21	22 13	Stepping on or striking against object (129)	1	1 14	Handling goods (130)	4	4 15	Others	3	3 Total	99	100 Note : The figures given in bracket indicate the code number of causes. 5.1.3	Sex wise: A total of 99 number of people have met with fatal accident, out of these 93.93 % are male (93) and 6.07 % are female (6). Table - 29 gives sex wise injuries. TABLE – 29 Sex Wise Fatal Injuries Sr. No. Sex	No. of Fatal Accidents	Percentage ( % ) 1	Male	93	93.93 2	Female	6	6.07 Total	99	100 5.2 NON FATAL INJURIES A total number of 2217 non-fatal occupational injuries have been reported by various industries in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The classification of accidents and injuries were done according to the IS:3786 and also ILO Recording and Notification of occupational accidents and diseases. 5.2.1	Industry-wise: The industry-wise analysis of non-fatal injuries shows that 60.27 % of the accidents are in the cotton textile manufacturing industry and 11.78 % are in the industries Manufacture of Paper and Paper products. The Table - 30 shows the industry-wise non-fatal injuries. TABLE – 30 Industry-Wise Non-Fatal  Injuries NIC Div. Type of Factory	No. of Non-Fatal Injuries	Percentage ( % ) 01	Agriculture, Hunting and related service activities	6	0.27 15	Manufacture of food products and Beverages	93	4.19 16	Manufacture of Tobacco Product	3	0.14 17	Manufacture of Textile	1336	60.27 19	Tanning and Dressing of Leather	2	0.09 20	Manufacture of Wood and Products of Wood and Cork	11	0.49 21 	Manufacture of Paper and Paper products	261	11.78 22	Publishing, Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media	1	0.04 23	Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Products and Nuclear Fuel	5	0.23 24	Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products	45	2.03 25	Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products	4	0.19 26	Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products	41	1.86 27	Manufacture of Basic Metals	133	5.99 28	Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, except Machinery and Equipment	57	2.58 29	Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C.	75	3.38 31	Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and apparatus N.E.C.	27	1.22 32	Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus	1	0.04 34	Manufacture of Motor vehicles, Trailers and Semi trailers	15	0.68 35	Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment	47	2.11 36	Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing N.E.C	13	0.58 40	Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Supply	27	1.22 50	Sale, Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and Motor Cycles, Retail sale of Automotive Fuel. 13	0.58 60	Land Transport, Transport Via Pipe lines	1	0.04 TOTAL	2217	100 5.2.2	Agency Wise: Agency wise analysis of the non-fatal injuries shows that 14.30 % of the accidents are due to Stepping on or striking against object, 13.30 % of accidents are due to Handling goods or articles & others, 13.08 accidents are due to Struck by falling body, 8.16 % of accidents are due to Machinery Moved by Mechanical Power and 32.61% of accidents are due to other agencies. The Table – 31 shows the agency-wise non-fatal injuries. TABLE – 31 Agency Wise Non-Fatal Injuries SR. NO. TYPE OF ACCIDENT	NO. OF ACCIDENTS	PERCENTAGE ( % ) 1	Prime Movers (101)	15	0.68 2	Machinery Moved by Mechanical Power (102 – 112)	181	8.16 3	Machinery not moved by Mechanical Power (122 – 123)	20	0.90 4	Transport (113 – 116)	16	0.72 5	Electricity	15	0.68 6	Explosions (118)	1	0.05 7	Fires (119)	14	0.63 8	Gassing (120)	9	0.41 9	 Molten and other hot or corrosive substances (121)	29	1.31 10	Hand tools (124)	46	2.07 11	Struck by falling body (125)	290	13.08 12	Person falling ( 126 to 128)	246	11.10 13	Stepping on or striking against object (129)	317	14.30 14	Handling goods (130)	295	13.30 15	Others	723	32.61 Total	2217	100 Note : The figures given in bracket indicate the code number of causes. 5.2.3	Sex wise: Out of 2217 number of Non fatal accidents 98.82 % persons were male and 1.18 % were female. The Table - 32 gives the details of number of non-fatal accidents. TABLE – 32 Sex Wise Non-Fatal Injuries SR. NO. SEX	NO. OF NON-FATAL ACCIDENTS	PERCENTAGE ( % ) 1.	Male	2191	98.82 2.	Female	26	1.18 Total	2217	100 5.4	5.4        ACCIDENTS IN MAH FACTORIES •	•       Andhra Pradesh State has 120 working MAH factories, employing 58,345 workers out of which 56,481 are male and 1,864 are female. •	•       There have been 18 fatalities in 13 accidents I 10 MAH factories and 8 non fatal injuries in 8 accidents in 8 factories. •	•       Out of 13 fatal accidents, 3 fatal accidents in MAH factories involving 3 fatalities and 1 serious injury were caused involving fire explosion and toxic releases.

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND POISONING IN MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES As per the information provide by Directorate of factories there are only six cases of poisoning by Nitrous fumes and one case of Asbestosis notified under section 89 in an industry having NIC 26 ( upto the year ending 31/12/02).

MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AT UNIT LEVEL 7.1	INTRODUCTION The management of occupational safety and health at the unit level, i.e. manufacturing units, involves the following aspects: 	        Safety Policy 	        Appointment of Safety Officers 	        Safety Committee 	        Occupational Health Centers (FMO, Ambulance) 	        Welfare Measures (WO, Canteen, crèche, lunch room, shelter etc.) 	        On-Site Emergency Plans 	        Safety Reports 	        Safety Audits 	        HAZOP studies These aspects are discussed below in detail. 7.2	SAFETY POLICY The Rule framed under the provisions of Sections 7-A(3), 41-B(2) and 112 requires preparation of a written statement of policy in respect of health and safety of workers at work by the factories meeting the following criteria :- a)	Units covered under Section 2(m)(i) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more than 50 workers b)	Units covered under Section 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more than 100 workers c)	Units covered under Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948 d)	Units covered under Section 2(cb) of the Factories Act, 1948 In addition to the above, the Chief Inspector may require the occupier of any of the factories or class or description of factories to comply with the above requirements of Safety Policy if in his opinion it is expedient to do so. Status of Preparation Safety Policies in MAH Factories In Andhra Pradesh Table – 33 Units having Safety Policy Sl. No. Total No. of units requiring Safety Policy	No. of units Having Safety policy 2001	2002	2001	2002 1	115	120	105	114 7.3 	APPOINTMENT OF SAFETY OFFICERS As per the provisions of Section 40-B of the Factories Act, 1948, Safety Officer is required to be appointed for the units meeting the following criteria :- (i)	Units employing more than 1000 workers, (ii)	Units wherein   any   manufacturing  process  or  operation  is  carried  on     involving any  risk of bodily injury, poisoning or diseases or any hazard to health. As per the details available, 106 Safety Officers were appointed as against 111 Safety Officers required to be appointed in various factories in the State. TABLE – 34 Safety Officers (2002) Description of factories	No. of factories	No. of Safety Officers required to be appointed	No. of Safety Officers appointed 2001	2002	2001	2002	2001	2002 a)	a)       Factories employing 1000 or More workers and notified  under Section -   40-B (1) (i)	50	60	55	121	46	71 b)	b)    Factories notified under Section - 40- B (1) (ii)	14	22	14	22	9 7.4 	SAFETY COMMITTEE The Rule framed under the provisions of Section 41 and 41-G of the Factories Act, 1948 require constitution of Safety Committee in the factories meeting the following criteria:- a)	a)                 Units employing 250 or more workers b)	b)                 Units covered under Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more than 50 workers c)	c)                 Units covered under Section 2(c b) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more than 50 workers Table – 35 Safety Committee Sl. No. Type of Fatories	Total No. of factories requiring Safety Committee	No. of units Having Safety Committee 2001	2002	2001	2002 1	Factories employing 250 or more workers	674	733	567	618 2	MAH Units	115	120	108	114 7.5      OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTERS As per the Rule prescribed under the Section 41-C of the Factories Act, 1948,  ‘Occupational Health Centers’  are required to be set up in the factories carrying on  ‘Hazardous Process’ as described under Section 2(c b) of the Act. The factories have been divided into 3 categories. i.e. factories employing up to 50 workers, employing 51–200 workers and employing more than 200 workers. The factories employing upto 50 workers are required to appoint a part-time Medical Officer. Table – 36 Medical Facilities (2001 & 2002) Sr. No. Type of Factories	No. of Factories	No. of Medical officers Appointed Both Retainership and Full time basis combine	No. of Factories were ambulance Vans are available	No. of factories where ambulance rooms are provided 2001	2002	2001	2002	2001	2002	2001	2002 1	All factories wherein 500 or more workers are employed	169	160	154	142	-	-	154	148 2	MAH Units	115	120	-	-	-	-	-	- 7.6	7.6             WELFARE FACILITIES This part of the Chapter deals with the Welfare facilities such as appointment of Welfare officer, provision of crèche facilities, canteen facilities, shelters, rest room and lunch rooms etc. As per the provisions of Section 49 of the Factories Act, 1948 any factory employing more than 500 workers is required to employ a Welfare Officer. As per the details available 161 units were required to appoint the welfare officers. However, 136 units have actually appointed the welfare officers. As per the provisions under Section 48 of the Factories Act, 1948 any factory employing 30 or more women workers are required to provide creche facilities for the use of children under the age of 6 years for the women employees. There are certain requirements under the Section for these crèches which are to be met by the occupier of the factory. Out of 553 creches required to be provided, 354 creches have been provided. As per the provisions under Section 47 of the Factories Act, 1948 any factory employing more than 150 workers is required to provide adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms and lunch rooms for the use of the workers employed. As per the details available 448 units have provided the shelters or rest rooms and lunch rooms facilities as against the requirement of 578. As per the provisions under Section 46 of the Factories Act, 1948 any factory employing more than 250 workers is required to provide canteen facilities for the use of workers. As per the details available all 327 units have provided canteen facilities. TABLE - 37 Welfare Facilities (2002) Sr. No	Item	Number available 1.	Welfare Officers No. of factories wherein 500 or more workers are ordinarily employed. 164	No. of Welfare Officers required to be appointed 	148 No. of factories which have provided welfare officers as required under sec. 49 	135 No. of Welfare officers appointed	141 2.	Canteen No. of factories required to provided as per notification under Sec. 46	366 No. of factories which have provided as required under Sec. 46	333 No. of factories in which canteens are run by the occupiers	153 No. of factories in which canteens are run by the contractors	180 3.	Shelters, Rest Room, Lunch Room No. of factories where in more than 150 workers are ordinarily  employed	569 No. of factories in which have provided Shelters or Rest Room and Lunch Rooms as required under Sec. 47	488 4.	Creches No. of factories wherein more than 30 women workers are ordinarily employed	486 No. of factories which have provided creches as required under Section 48	352 5.	Ambulance room No. of factories wherein more than 500 workers are ordinarily employed 	164 No. of factories which have provided ambulance room as required under Sec. 45	152 TABLE – 38 Statement Showing The Particulars Of Welfare Amenities In Factories For The Half Year Ending 31/12/2003. SR. NO. WELFARE AMENITIES	NO. OF FACTORIES REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDED	NO. OF FACTORIES PROVIDED	NO. OF FACTORIES YET TO PROVIDE 1	Safety Officers	89	72	17 2	Safety Committee	693	605	88 3	Welfare Officers	160	126	34 4	Ambulance Room	160	126	34 5	Medical Officers	160	151	9 6	Creches - Seasonal - Non-seasonal 330 124	 244 104	 86 20 7	Canteens	323	300	23 8	Canteen Managing Committee	323	285	38 9	Cooled Drinking Water	323	319	4 10	O.H.Cs. 428	307	121 7.7	ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLANS Table – 39 On-Site Emergency Plans - Factories YEAR	NO. OF FACTORIES REQUIRED TO SUBMIT DOCUMENTS	NO. OF FACTORIES ALREADY DRAWN ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLANS	DUE 2001	115	114	1 2002	120	118	2 7.8	7.8           OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLANS Total No. of districts in Andhra Pradesh for which Off-Site Emergency Plans were prepared – 8 (Visakhapatnam, East Godavary, West Godavary, Krishna, Guntur, Gondiparla, Industrial pocket in Kurnool district, Ranga Reddy and Medak District.) (a)	(a)    No. of districts for which the of-site Emergency Plans were prepared by the Departmental officers   - 5 Visakhapatnam, East Godavary, Krishna and Kurnool Dist. - 	Prepared in 1991 For Gondiparla Industrial Pocket in Kulnoor District	     - 	Prepared in 1995 (b)	(b)        The Off-site Emergency Plan was Prepared by M/s. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur in the year 1995. Further the comprehensive safety study and hazardous management study including updation of off-site emergency plan for Visakhapatnam bowl area is being prepared by M/s. EPTRI, Hyderabad in association with IICT, and Safety Service Center, Netrherlands, with the funds provided by Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G.O. Rt. No. 175, E.F.S. & T (Env) Department, dated 16/5/1998. The draft report is received and the review remarks were communicated to the Government. The final report is awaited from EPTRI, Hyderabad. (c)	(c)        The Ministry of Environment and forests, Government of India have appointed expert consultants to prepare  off-site emergency plans in respect of the districts Medak, Ranga Reddy and East Godavary. The off-site emergency plan for Medak district has been received in February, 2003 and the draft reports of off-site Emergency plans in respect of Ranga Reddy and East Godavary district have bee received and the final reports are awaited. (d)	(d)        For Gondiparla Industrial Cluster in Kurnool district the off-site emergency plan was prepared in the year 1995 and the same is reviewed by IICT, Hyderabad and communicated to the Department by EPTRI, Hyderabad in the year 2002  where in certain modification were recommended. In view of a new MAH units at Kurnool district iz., BPCL, LPG filling plant, the of-site emergency plan for Kurnool district may have to be modified. (e)	(e)        The off-site emergency plan for West Godavary district is required to be prepared afresh in view of new major accident hazard installations in the district like Andhra Sugars Limited, Saggonda, Mon Santo India Limited, Nadipally, Pedavegi Mandal and Delta Paper Mils, Vendra (Newly included) etc. 7.9   A NOTE ON THE STATE CRISIS GROUP OF ANDHRA PRADESH The state crisis group has constituted in Andhra Pradesh State under Chemical Accidents (E.P.P.R.) rules 1996 vide G.O. Rt. No. 408 dated 19/2/1998. Labour, Employment, Training & Factories (Lab – II) Dept., headed by the chief Secretory to Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. The state crisis Group met thrice so far and conducted meeting on 14/8/1998, 06/01/2001 and 27/5/2003. Dr. Mohan Kanda, I.A.S., Chief Secretary to the Government, Secretariat, Hyderabad is the Chairman of State Crisis Group, A.P. state. There are 14 official members, 4 non official members & experts and one representative of Industry, of state crisis Group. A Note On District Crisis Groups Constituted In Andhra Pradesh State 1.	1.                The Government of Andhra Pradesh have constituted District Crisis group in respect of all the district of Andhra Pradesh except for the district of Visakhapattanam vide G.O. Ms. No. 48 dated 4/9/1998 and for the Visakhapattanam District constituted vide G.O. Rt. No. 3065 dated 20/11/1997, Labour, Employment, Training and Factories Dept. duly authorizing the District Collectors to nominate non official representatives on the D.C.G.s 2.	There are no MAH factories in 3 districts of Andhra Pradesh viz. Nizamabad, Nellore and Guntur. 3.	3.                Meeting of D.C.G.s have been conducted in 15 Districts of Andhra Pradesh and action is being taken for Emergency Preparedness and Planning.

MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AT STATE LEVEL 8.1	8.1            INTRODUCTION Management of safety and health at the state level is more complex than at the unit level. At unit level the problems are relatively simple and unit specific depending upon the type of industry. However at the state level the management of safety and health is not unit or industry specific and the instruments such as policies, legislation, etc. are required to be more comprehensive to take care of safety and health issues in all type of occupations. Apart from the Factories Act, 1948, there are other legislations for providing a better work environment, safety, health and welfare facilities. These legislations are enforced by various state government authorities such as the Chief Inspector of Factories, the State Labour commissioner, etc. Education and training plays an important role in management of safety and health at state level and thus cannot be neglected. Non-government organizations (NGOs), voluntary organization’s, institutions and agencies engaged in safety and health are contributing in their own way towards the objective for giving the workers a safe and healthy work environment. Safety and health at work is governed by a variety of statutes  in the state depending on the nature of work place, manufacturing activity and  specific  aspects  of safety and health. Some of  the  important statutes are given below : 1.	The Factories Act,1948 2.	The Andhra Pradesh Factories Rules,1950 3.	Indian Boilers Act,1923 4.	Dangerous machines (Regulations) Act,1983 5.	Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulations) Act,1986 6.	Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules,1989 7.	Control of Major Accident Hazards Rules, 1993 8.	Dock Workers(Safety, Health and Welfare)Regulations,1990 9. 	Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Rules, 1990 10. 	Building and other Construction Workers Act, 1986 11. 	Indian Electricity Act, 1923 12. 	Indian Electricity Rules, 1966 13. 	Indian Explosives Act, 1884 14.	The Petroleum Act, 1934 15. 	Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels Rules, 1981. Different departments of the Central Government and the State Government  are entrusted with the responsibility  of  enforcement  of these statutes. The efforts of the enforcement agencies are also supplemented by other organization’s such as training and  research institutions,  employers associations, employees associations,  etc. in promoting occupational safety and health in the state. A brief account of these organizations is given in the following paragraphs. 8.2	8.2           REGIONAL LABOUR INSTITUTE, CHENNAI 8.2.1	Profile The Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI) formerly known as the Office of Chief Advisor of Factories was set up in Delhi in 1945 under the Ministry of Labour, Government of India. The Directorate General, Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI) comprises Central Labour Institute, Mumbai, Regional Labour Institutes at Madras, Kanpur, Kolkatta and Faridabad. The Regional Labour Institute, Chennai, was set up in the year 1960 with its Safety, Health and Welfare Centre located in a rented premises at Royapettah. All the activities and facilities of the Institute were then consolidated in its own premises at No.1, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai. The Regional Labour Institute, Chennai is equipped in the following areas: 	       Industrial Safety 	       Industrial Hygiene 	       Industrial Medicine 	       Major Accident Hazards Control 8.2.2	Facilities Available The facilities available in the Regional Labour Institute, Chennai are: 	       Industrial Safety, Health & Welfare Center 	       Mobile Safety Exhibition 	       Library 	       Auditorium and Conference Hall 	       Hostel The Industrial Safety Division aims at Achieving improvement in the working conditions and safety standards of factories and Docks through training, consultancy, field studies, surveys and other promotional activities. It has contributed to the following achievements: 	    Evolution of a Safety movement in the Country 	    Creation of national awareness on safety 	    Better Administration of the Factories Act through training of Inspectors of  Factories and technical support. 	    Inplant training programmes on Safety, Audits, Surveys and Consultancy studies are part of the safety activity of this Institute. The Industrial Hygiene Division is basically concerned with the improvement of Industrial work environment and comprises of Industrial Hygiene Laboratory (IHL) with all equipment related, to the division. The division undertakes various studies/surveys, national projects and training courses to protect the health of industrial workers through identification, evaluation and control of occupational health hazards and advises the management on ways to meet the requirements. The division also organizes training courses in the areas of Industrial Hygiene for a specific group of industries. These training courses are offered to safety officers, chemists, supervisors and middle level managers in the identification and assessment and control of occupational hazards in their factories. The Industrial Medicine Division aims to prevent and contain health hazards at the workplace brought in by industrialization. The hazards may arise from chemicals or from physical factors such as noise, heat, vibration and radiation. Occupational health studies and surveys covering particular industries like asbestos, dye-stuff, cement, chemical, engineering and port are carried out to assess the incidence of occupational diseases. Suitable recommendations such as medical surveillance, use of personal protective equipment, facilities for personal hygiene and first aid, etc. are made to prevent and control health hazards. It also carries out training for medical officers and workers. The laboratory attached to the division has facilities for medical investigation, including visual acuity tests, audiometric evaluation and pulmonary function tests. The MAHC division offers the services of conducting training courses, seminars and workshops on MAHC for senior executives, trade union leaders, senior government officials, safety officers, worker members of safety committee. Organize specialized training courses/workshops on Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study, pipeline safety, safety in process control and safety audit. Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare Centre demonstrates methods, arrangements and appliances for promoting safety and health of workers. The Centre has models and exhibits regarding safety, health and welfare in the form of properly guarded machines, personal protective equipment, safe methods of material handling, light and colour schemes and other arrangements, for propagating the message of safety and health at workplaces. This Centre is opened to organized groups from industries and educational institutions. Mobile Safety Exhibition: The Mobile Safety Exhibition was set up to carry message of safety right to the doorsteps of factories and docks. The exhibition van highlights the hazards in industrial processes, and the use of safety appliances and demonstrates the safeguards, which should be followed to prevent industrial accident. The Workshop provides engineering support to the Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare Centre and Mobile Safety Exhibition Van by way of production and maintenance of Exhibits and Models. The Library has about 6000 books and 2000 reports on the various disciplines dealt by this Institute. The library, though primarily meant for the faculty of the Institute, is also referred by people from industry, and post graduate students of professional courses. The Diploma students were allowed for reference and issue of books. The Regional Labour Institute has an Art Section which is evolved in paintings of safety posters, maintaining the colour of safety equipment and other matter connected with the institute programmes. The Institute has an Auditorium with a seating capacity of 300 persons is useful for conducting seminars, inaugural functions and all other functions by this Institute and given for other departments on request. The Regional Labour Institute Hostel well furnished with rooms for are mostly occupied by the Diploma students, training participants and senior officers from Government Departments. 8.2.3	8.2.3        Diploma Course in Industrial Safety The Diploma Course in Industrial Safety, a recognized Course by Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Tamilnadu, was conducted every year with a duration of 10 months. Lectures supplemented by discussions, laboratory work, visit to industrial establishments, seminars, films. On completion of the curriculum an examination is conducted by Board of Technical Examinations and successful candidates are awarded the Certificate. The course is currently being conducted for the 23rd batch of students. So far, 757 students have undergone this course in 22 batches. 8.2.4	8.2.4     Activities 8.2.5	8.2.5                               The institute undertakes training, research and consultancy activities in the field of Occupational Safety and Health. The details are given in Table-40. TABLE - 40 Activities Of Regional Labour Institute (2003 - 2004) Sl. No. Activity	Achievements	No. of Organisations	No. of Participants 1.	Consultancy Studies / Surveys	16	16	- 2.	National Studies	1	-	- 3.	Diploma In Industrial Safety	1	27	26 4.	Seminar / Workshop	1	96	96 5.	Training Programmes	6	116	69 6.	In-plant training Programmes	6	210	35 7.	Appreciation Programme	39	875	32 8.	Mobile Safety Exhibition	8	8	4000 8.3	8.3           OFFICE OF THE DIRECTORATE OF FACTORIES, GOVT. OF ANDHRA PRADESH Enforcement of Factories Act and Rules and other allied Acts is being monitored by the Directorate of Factories, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. There is a MAH Cell functioning in the Directorate of Factories to monitor Safety & Health conditions in MAH factories as identified under MSIHC (amended) Rules, 2000 and the MAH cell is being supervised by the three joint Chief Inspectors of Factories in the Directorate under the overall control of Director of Factories, A.P., Hydrabad. 8.3.1	8.3.1        Organisational Set up The administration and enforcement of various Acts by the Directorate is under the over all charge of the Director of Factories. The Director of Factories is assisted by 4 Joint Chief Inspector of Factories, 14 Deputy Chief Inspectors of Factories,   1 Senior Inspector of Factories, 35 Inspectors of Factories, 20 Assistant Inspectors of Factories, 5 Asst. Inspector of Factories (Superneumary) and 1 Deputy Statistical Officer. The details of factory inspectors appointed in the state are given in Table - 41. TABLE - 41 Manpower Of Directorate (As On 31 December,2002) S. No.	Designation	Strength Sanctioned	Working 1.	Director of Factories	1	1 2.	Joint Chief Inspector of Factories	4	4 3.	Dy. Chief Inspector of Factories	14	14 5.	Sr. Inspector of Factories	1	1 6.	Inspector of Factories	42	35 7.	Assistant Inspector of Factories	20	20 8.	Assistant Inspector of Factories (Superneumary)	12	5 9.	Statistical Officer	1	1 8.3.2 Activities The various activities of the factory inspectorate are given the following paragraphs. 8.3.2.1	8.3.2.1                      Inspection Activities The details of inspection activities carried out by the inspectorate for the year 2002 is given in Table- 42. TABLE – 42 Inspection Activities Of The Directorate Sl. No	Activity	Number 2001	2002 1.	No. of Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Factories inspected	15291	10330 2.	No. of Special inspections 	1039	1424 8.3.2.2	Prosecution and Convections : The details of prosecutions taken up and the convictions obtained by the department under Section 92 of the Factories Act, 1948 during the year 2002 are given in Table - 43. TABLE – 43 Prosecutions And Convictions Under Section 92 S. No. Nature of Offence	No. of convictions 1.	Employment and hours of work a) General b) Women c) Young persons	 129 1 12 2.	Notices, Registers and Returns	131 3.	Safety	168 4.	Health and Welfare	80 5.	Others	270 TABLE - 44 Under Section 92 No. of Prosecutions pending from previous year	No. of Prosecution pending launched during the year 	No. of prosecution decided during the year 	No. of convic-tions	Penalty Imposed	No. of Prosecuti-ons pending at the end of the year 				Imprison-ment	Total fine Imposed	1624	501	512	425	-	2130250	1613 8.3.2.3	8.3.2.3          Safety Promotional Activities The Safety Training Programmes to the workers / Supervisors / Managements of the factories and interactive meetings are being organized by the departmental official. 8.4	CENTRAL BOARD OF WORKERS EDUCATION Regional Directorate, Central Board for Workers Education, Hyderabad, is a tripartite society and was established in 1958 by Ministry of Labour, Government of India to undertake workers education activities. The headquarter of the Board is located at Nagpur, Maharashtra. The main objectives of the Board are to conduct training programmes on topics which help to improve the quality of work life and to develop a positive  attitude among all sections of employees. The Regional Directorate is carrying out its activities through professional and education officers and is equipped with Library and training room facilities. Monographs, periodicals etc. on Occupational Safety & Health are being published by the Regional Directorate. Central Board For Workers Education under Ministry of Labour, Govt. of India, organizes various Training Programmes for the Organised, Unorganised, and Rural workers to bridge the gap between Management and Trade Unions in developing Industrial Relations. Various training programmes like training of trainers, personality development, refresher course for trainers, need based seminar, special programme on quality of life for workers and their spouses etc. are organized by central board of workers education for the organised, unorganised, and rural workers. 8.5 National Safety Council of India, Andhra Pradesh Chapter The National Safety Council, AP Chapter was formed in 1968 as a tripartite body for promoting industrial Safety and Health. It has members which include safety professionals, Trade Unions, Corporate Managements and members of Factory Inspection Service. The main objective of National Safety Council, AP Chapter is to promote safety awareness among the employees and managements through enlightenment, and to make managements provide facilities for safe production and increased productivity. Activities Of Andhra Pradesh Chapter Training Programmes Council creates forums through seminars, workshops, safety talks etc. to deliberate on the matters of safety, exchange of lprofessional data, interaction among personnel at various levels. It also publishes safety calendar and dairies emphasizing message of industrial safety every year. Information Technology To ensure easy and quick access to statutory provisions under various enactments, AP Chapter in collaboration with Factories Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, brought out CD ROM with hyuperlinking and search engine facilities incorporating o	o      All enactments being implemented by  Factories Department o	o      All forms o	o      Relevant Gos. o	o      Guidelines for entrepreneurs Required information can be got at click of mouse. This effort us appreciated by all the concerned across the country. CD ROM is updated and revised version is released in 2002. Safety Competitions National Safety Council, AP Chapter in collaboration with Factories Dept. Government of Andhra Pradesh is organizing competitions every year on the occasion of National Safety Day Celebration for factory employees, school children, ITI, Diploma and Engineering College students on the concept of Safety Health and Environment. In addition to the above essay writing competitions are also organized for housewives on domestic safety. In addition to the above, Andhra Pradesh Chapter in association with Factories Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh organizes free training programmes for workers in regional language at Industrial Estates. During the year 2002, the workshops on Safety Management are organized at Warangal, Kunool and Guntur. In addition to the above 39 In-plant training programmes, tailor made to the needs of the particular industry and participants are organized. Out of the above 12 are free programmes organized for employees of small factories. Publications AP Chapter is actively engaged in propagation of safety by establishing a large library of Occupational Safety and Health related literature. It has brought out safety literature in vernacular with cartoons as an emphasizing media. The publications have reached far and wide. It has published various books on safety. Safety in cement industries, chemical industries, explosive industries, bulk drug industries, distillation units, safety training in industry, safety in use of chlorine are some among them. It has also published booklets on road safety and LPG safety at home. Andhra Pradesh Chapter publishes posters and slogans focusing safety aspects so as to remind everyone about safety. These posters and slogans are brought out in English and Telugu. During the year 2002, 450 students have participated in these competitions and 1000 entries are received from workers on painting, essay writing, slogan writing competitions. 8.6	Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Hyderabad: Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Hyderabad with its headquarters at Mumbai is a twenty-five year old, a non-profit and Non-Government organization. The Association was established in 1978 by the public sector general insurance companies with a noble mission to create safe society and reduce national losses by way of fires, road accidents and industrial mishaps through education training and consultancy. The main broad objectives of the association are : 	       To publicize cause and magnitude of losses and create an awareness of the need for loss prevention. 	       To provide education, training, consultancy and advisory services. 	       To build and maintain a data bank on loss prevention. The Association works in the areas of Chemical Safety, Fire protection, Training & education, Work place inspection & Fire investigation. The Association regularly brings out publications on various aspect of safety covering fire prevention, material handling and road safety. Mass communication specialists provide able support in this effort by developing problem specific and highly acclaimed safety educational products that include safety journals, safety posters, bulletins and films. The Association caters not only to the industrial organizations but also to the community at large by delivering community, domestic and school safety programmes to bring about a safety revolution right at the grassroots. It also reaches out to the general public by way of public training programmes, Seminars, Conferences, Exhibitions an safety educational publicity through electronic and print media. 8.7	8.7            ANDHRA PRADESH PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL The Council has done several safety and safety related surveys and programmes, some of which are mentioned  below: TABLE - 46 Sr. No.	Name of the organization / factory	Activity performed 1	Allwyn Metals, Hyderabad		•	•      Survey of the existing methods and practices •	•      Occupational Hazards and Environmental Safety 2	IDL Chemicals, Hyderabad	•	•      Operational Safety and Safety Practices 3	APSRTC	•	•      Evaluation of the Occupational Hazards •	•      Health and Safety Practices In addition to the above the Council also conducts tailor made programmes on Industrial Safety, Good Housekeeping, Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health for Supervisors and Workmen at Prayagh Nutri Products, BHEL, ECIL, NTPC, Thermopads. The Council offers one year Post Graduate Diploma in Safety Management and Good Housekeeping course through distance learning under which it offers industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health as one of the papers. APPC, Hyderabad is an autonomous non profit making body established in the year 1958 by Government of Andhra Pradesh promoting productivity awarenss in industries, service sectors, Government and Rural sectors through multifarious activities like ; •	•      Technomanagement Consultancy •	•      HRD and Training •	•      Energy •	•      Education through distance learning •	•      Computers •	•      Government Programmes and field level surveys •	•      Rural Development – SGSY, SHGs, TCPCs, DWCRA etc. 8.8	8.8            THE SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED : About the Industry: The Singareni Collieries Company Limited is one of the largest public sector undertaking Coal Industry in South India. Started with the First coal mine opened at Yellandu of Khammam District in Andhra Pradesh during the year 1889. Now the coal mining operating have extended over four districts of Andhra Pradesh viz., Khammam, Warangal, Karimnagar and Adilabad. As on date there are 12 open cast mines and 54 underground mines unearthing the black diamond. The Singarenians: There are 94,600 Singarenians working at the organization. The health care is rendered through a net work of 40 dispensaries and 7 hospitals. A total of 983 in-patient beds are made available at hospitals. All the medical centers are so located to be easily accessible both to the employees near the mines and to their family members at the colonies. The Medical Facilities: The out patient and in-patient Medicare is rendered to the employees. These services are rendered totally free of cost including the investigations and medicines as well. All the medical specialties are provided viz., General Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Paediatrics, ENT, Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, Dental and Dermatology. The supportive branches are the Radiology, Ultrasonology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Histo-pathology, Clinical Laboratory and Blood Bank facilities are at the disposal of our beneficiaries. Super specialty consultations (Cardiology) are arranged at out hospitals. Corporate Medical care is provided through a panel of super specialty hospitals. Occupational Health: There are 9 Periodical Medical Examinations centers at the colliery areas, as a part of occupational Health services. All the occupational health services are arranged at these centers as per the statute. These include complete clinical examinations by a qualified and specially trained doctors in reading chest x-ray as per ILO guidelines. In addition to basic laboratory investigations, ECG, Pulmonary function test, audiometry, Blood sugar and Lipid estimations from the part of investigations. Depending upon the need the other specialty care is also arranged. Occupational Health screenings: The well-known occupational disease in coal mining industry is coal workers pneumoconiosis. And all the employees are screened to detect this occupational lung disease once in 5 years. This gap of 5 years is the minimum required periodicity for any earliest detectable changes to occur of the occupational lung disease. Occupational Health Surveillance Scheme:- The occupational disease in the coal mining industry being the Coal Worker Pneumoconiosis, Pneumoconiosis Surveillance Scheme (PMSS) is in existence. With this scheme the employees who are detected to be showing early changes suggestive of the Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis are kept in this scheme. Such an employees are medically examined every two years to know the progress of the changes, instead of routine examination every 5 years. This is because the early changes detected can also be seen in conditions  other than the pneumoconiosis. Computerization of Health data:- All the health information of every employee attending the at the periodical medical examination are preserved in special latra-filing racks. The computerization of the health profile of every employee is already commenced. In due course of time it will be integrated with the hospital management system The Occupational Medical Board: An occupational medical board is constituted with the Chief of Medical Services as the president, the Radiologist and either the Chest Physician/Physician form the members of the board. This medical board was recognized by the Govt. of AP in the year 1965. Occupational injuries: The Occupational injuries are broadly divided into Reportable injuries, Serious injuries and the fatal injuries. All the hospitals have the trauma care facilities round the clock. At times of necessity, the injured are referred to corporate super specialty medical care centers at Hyderabad. The data pertaining to the reportable and the serious injuries during the year 2002 are: Year	Nature of injury Rate (per 1000 persons employed) Reportable	Serious 2001	60.09	1.15 2002	52.86	1.38 2003	49.98	0.78 Man days lost : The man days lost due to the accident injuries is ; Sl.No	Year	Man days lost 01	2001	1,33,013 02	2002	1,15,287 03	2003	1,08,973 Occupational Diseases: Health Education: Health is best protected by promoting healthy lifestyles, health work practices and inculcating healthy habits. This component is taken care by scheduled calendar of health education activities both at the mines and at employee colonies. This is a regular features with atleast two health education programs per month. The health education cover the preventive and promotive aspects on the diseases of local prevalence and those of behavior based illnesses. Screening camps for early detection diseases is a regular phenomenon the organization. The information and the number of beneficiaries of the screening camps is: Sl. No	Name of the screening camp	Beneficiaries 01 	Cytology camp	25,548 02	Cardiac Screening camp	6,735 03	School health Camp	26,230 04	Hypertension	57,597 05	Diabetic	51,661 As a follow-up measure, the people detected to be having cataracts are operated with IOL implants free of cost. Thus a holistic occupational health services are present at the Singareni Collieries company Limited with an aim of protecting and promoting the health of the employees. Any other guidance / recommendation as suggested by the Directorate of mines safety will be implemented from time to be in compliance with the statute. 8.9 Office of the Regional Labour Commissioner (Central) The organization of the Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) or the Central Industrial Relations Machinery (CIRM) as it is often referred to, performs various functions which, inter-alia, include prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in industries, in respect of which the Central Government is the ‘appropriate Government’ under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947; implementation of the settlements and tribunal awards in the Central Sphere as also the recommendations of the Central Wage Board, administration of various labour laws to the extent which their administration is a Central responsibility, verification of membership of unions affiliated to Central Trade Union Organization of Workers and those operating in the nationalized banks and the State Bank of India and its seven associated banks, Ports and Docks and under Code of Discipline for the purpose of according representations in conferences/committees/ILO and of unions to determine the representative character for recognition under Code of Discipline of the Union. It also undertakes investigation into breaches of Code of Discipline. The Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) is also responsible for the enforcement of labour laws, such as the Payment of Wages Act 1936, the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948; the Dock Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act, 1948; the Maternity Benefit Act 1961 in the Circus Industry; Hours of Employment Regulation framed under the Railways Act, 1890; the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965; the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970; the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972; the Equal Remuneration Act 1976 and the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 in their application to establishments falling in the Central Sphere. Besides, the C.L.C. © is also the implementing authority for Fair Wage Clause and MES Contract Labour Regulations. 8.10  Directorate Of Economics and Statistics At apex level Directorate of Economics and Statistics is responsible for co-ordination of Statistical activities in the State besides collection, compilation, collation, analysis and dissemination of data pertaining to various sectors of the State Economy. Thee is a large measure of centralization  Statistical activities in this Directorate. Major areas covered are Agriculture Statistics, Price Statistics, Estimation of State Income, Compilation of Index of Industrial Production and the State matching samples of the National sample Survey Organisation. In addition to these, Censuses like Land Holding Census, Census of State Public Sector Employees Economic Census and Minor Irrigation Census are being taken up Quinquennially within a definite time frame. Industrial Statistics The Industrial Statistics are presented under two parts, viz., i) Organised factory sector and ii) Unorganised non-factory sector. The former covers all units registered under sections 2m(i) and 2m (ii) of the Industries Act, 1948 and the latter, all other (household and non-household) manufacturing units 8.11  Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board The Government of Andhra Pradesh constituted the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 bifr G.O.Ms.No.27 Dt.24-01-76. APPCB was established with effect from April 1976. The Board started function with two Regional Offices in addition to the Head Office. Subsequently, it has expanded its structure and personnel. The Board is implementing the following Acts: 1)	1)          Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. 2)	2)          Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act, 1984 3)	3)          Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 4)	4)          Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act, 1984 5)	5)          Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 6)	6)          Water Cess Act, 1977 7)	7)          Water Cess Amendment Act, 1991 8)	8)          Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 9)	9)          Environment Tribunal Act, 1997 OBJECTIVES OF THE BOARD i.	i. To bring about a clean and health environment for sustaining all life forms. ii. ii. To identify the causes of pollution in soil, air and water, and to take urgent as well as appropriate measures to develop and implement resources and waste management systems through participation of all stake holders. iii. iii. To encourage the best practices in pollution control in terms of technology Application and preventive methods. iv. iv. To create an awareness among citizens on the dangers of environmental Degradation. Functions Of The Board The functions of the Board are specified in section 17(1) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 which are as follows: a)	a)                to plan a  comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution of streams and wells in the state and to secure the execution there of; b)	b)                to advise the state government on any matter concerning the prevention, control or abatement of water pollution; c)	c)                 to collect and disseminate information relating to water pollution and the prevention, control or abatement thereof; d)	d)                to encourage, conduct and participate in investigations and research relating to problems of water pollution and prevention, control or abatement of water pollution. e)	e)                to collaborate with the Central Board in organizing the training of persons engaged or to be engaged in programmes relating to prevention, control or abatement of water pollution and to organize mass education programmes relating thereto f)	f)                   to inspect sewage or trade effluents ,works and plants for the treatment of sewage and trade effluents and to review plans, specifications or other data relating to plants set up for the treatment of water, works for the purification thereof and the system for the disposal of sewage or trade effluents or in connection with the grant of any consent as required by this Act. g)	g)                Lay down, modify or annual effluent standards for the sewage and trade effluents and for the quality of receiving waters (not being water in an inter-State stream) resulting from the discharge of effluents and to classify waters of the State; h)	h)                 to evolve economical and reliable methods of treatment of sewage and trade effluents, having regard to the peculiar conditions of soils, climate and water resources of different regions and more especially the prevailing flow characteristics of water in streams and wells which render it impossible to attain even the minimum degree of dilution. i)	i)                   to evolve methods of utilization of sewage and suitable trade effluents in agriculture; j)	j)                   to evolve efficient methods of disposal of sewage and trade effluents on lands, as are necessary on account of the predominant conditions of scant stream flows that do not provide for major part of the year the minimum degree of dilution. k)	k)                 to lay down standards to treatment of sewage and trade effluents to be discharges into any particular stream taking into account minimum fair weather dilution available in that stream and the tolerance limits of pollution permissible in the water of the stream, after the discharge of such effluents; l)	l)                   to make, vary or revoke any order – i.	                          i.                   for the prevention, control or abatement of discharged of waste into streams or wells ii. ii. requiring any person concerned to construct new systems for the disposal of sewage and trade effluents ort to modify, alter or extend any such existing system or to adopt such remedial measures as are necessary to prevent control or abate water pollution; m)	m)                  to lay down effluent standards to be complied with by persons while causing discharge of sewage or sullage or both and lay down, modify or annul effluent standards for the sewage  and trade effluents. n)	n)                    to advise the State Government with respect to the location of any industry the carrying on of which is likely to pollute a stream or well; o)	o)                    to perform such other functions as may be prescribed or as may, from time to time be entrusted to it by the Central Board or the State Government. The functions of the Board are specified in section 17 (1) of the Air (Prevention & Control of pollution) Act, 1981 which are as follows: 1)	1)               to plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution  and to the execution thereof; 2)	2)               to advise the state government on any matter concerning the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution; 3)	3)               to collect and disseminate information relating to air pollution; 4)	4)               to collaborate with the Central Board in organizing the training of persons engaged or to be engaged in programmes relating to prevention, control or abatement of air pollution and to organize mass education programmes relating thereto; 5)	5)               to inspect, at all reasonable times, any control equipment, industrial plant or manufacturing process and to give, by order, such directions to such persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution; 6)	6)               to inspect air pollution control areas at such intervals as it may think necessary, assess the quality of air their in and take steps for prevention, control or abatement of air  pollution in such areas; 7)	7)               to lay down, in consultation with the Central Board and having regard to the standards for the  quality of air laid down by the Central Board, standards for emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere from industrial plants and automobiles otr for the discharge of any air pollutant into the atmosphere from any other source whatsoever not being a ship or an aircraft. Provided that different standards for emission ma7 be laid down under this clause for different industrial plants having regard to the quantity and composition of emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere from such industrial plants. 8)	8)               to advise the State Government with respect to the suitability of any premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to cause pollution. 9)	9)               to perform such other functions as may be prescribed or as may, from time to time, be entrusted to it by the Central Board or the State Government. 10)	10)          to do such other things and to perform such other acts as it may think necessary for the proper discharge of its functions and generally for the purpose of carrying into effect the purpose of this Act. 8.12 Fire And Emergency Service Department 1.	1.     EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The A.P. Fire and Emergency Services Department is headed by the Director General of Fire Services who is assisted by an Additional Director, 3 Regional Fire Officers and 11 Divisional Fire Officers. The A.P. Fire and Emergency Services Department has 251 Fire Stations. 25 Fire Stations sanctioned by the Government recently are yet to be opened. The following is the District-wise break-up: Sl. No. Name of the District	No. of Fire Stations functioning	No. of Fire Stations sanctioned and yet to be opened 1.	Srikakulam	12	3 2.	Vizianagaram	9	2 3.	Viskhapatnam	11	2 4.	East Godavari	15	0 5.	West Godavari	13	0 6.	Krishna	21	1 7.	Guntur	13	0 8.	Prakasam	11	1 9.	Nellore	12	0 10.	Chittoor	15	0 11.	Cuddapah	12	0 12.	Anantapur	12	0 13.	Kurnool	12	1 14.	Mahaboobnagar	8	3 15.	Medak	8	2 16.	Nalgonda	10	0 17.	Nizamabad	6	2 18.	Rangareddy	6	1 19.	Warangal	7	1 20.	Khammam	7	3 21.	Adilabad	10	0 22.	Karimnagar	8	3 23.	Hyderabad	13	0 Total	251	25 8.13 The Federation of Andhra Pradesh, Chambers of Commerce & Industry Origin The Federation of Andhra Pradesh Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FAPCCI) is a State Level Apex Body of industry, commerce and trade devoted to the cause of commercial and industrial development of Andhra Pradesh. It was established in 1917 as the Hyderabad Chamber of Commerce & Industry and renamed in 1958. Its membership is about 2800. Conferences, Meetings & Representations The Federation holds conferences, seminars & meetings for the benefit of members on latest development in the fields of economy, industry, investment, taxation and their procedures and the regulations. The Federation invites top dignitaries and senior officials of the State and Central Government to address and interact with members on various problems of industry, commerce and trade. Representations are made to the authorities for seeking gainful solutions to the problems faced by industry and trade from time to time. Labour Matters Services of an Industrial Relations Specialist are made available to membes to advise them on resolving industrial disputes, enforcement of labour legislation i.e. Factories Act, Provident Fund, ESI, Bonus, Gratuity, Shops & Establishments, Minimum Wages, Workmen’s Compensation, Maternity Benefits, etc. Changes brought about in labour policy and legislation are promptly brought to the notice of the members and on matters affecting them adversely, representations are made to Government at all levels besides meeting the Minister concerned, Secretary and Heads of Department. Wherever required, necessary legal help is obtained for taking steps collectively to safeguard the interest of members. 8.14 The Employers’ Federation Of Southern India General The sluggish world economy and its fall out on Indian economy continued during the year under review, though there were signs of recovery towards the end of the period. The Indian industries in general continued to face stiff competition from cheaper imports but nevertheless there were improvements in industrial protection and exports. However, information technology and software industries in India continued their growth and sustained its position as one of the leading players in the world in that field. Though the job growth in other industries was practically nil, this industry alone maintained growth in employment as well as substantial earnings from exports and its services. The inflation rate according to the Economic Survey presented in the Parliament was 4.4% compared to 2.6% for the same period last year and the economic growth was scaled down to 4.4% from 5.6% a year ago. Labour Scene In India As far as labour reforms were concerned much was expected out of the Recommendations of the Second National Commission on Labour submitted to the Government in June 2002. The Commission made some positive recommendations regarding creating new work culture, economic sufficiency and special problems of small industries and also extensive measures to be taken for the protection of unorganized sector of the labour. Standing Labour Committee The Standing Labour Committee traditionally settles the agenda for the Indian Labour Conference. The Workers’ and the Employers’ Organisations were requested to furnish the suggestions in this regard. The following four items have been considered for inclusion of any two of these in the agenda for the 38th Session of the Indian Labour Conference: i.	i. Skill building and training with a view to improve employability. ii. ii. Challenge of meeting the problem of sickness in the industry. iii. iii. Social Security – Challenge for the unorganized sector. iv. iv. Government policy of disinvestments. ESI Medical Benefit Council There was one meeting of the ESI Medical Council which considered matters relating to provision of medical benefits and other related matters. Some of the important issues discussed by the Medical Benefit Council were: -	-               Super-speciality service in select hospitals -	-               Raising of capitation fee -	-               Implementation of the project for prevention/control of HIV/AIDS -	-               Provision of equipments, replacement as well, new to the various Hospitals and dispensaries, etc. -	-                Expanding the scope of Revolving Fund ILO-IPEC (AP State Based Project) ILO – IPEC (AP State based) Project is working for elimination of Child Labour. Towards achieving the objective, APSBP selected Consortium of Employers’ Associations for the elimination of Child Labour (CEASE – Child Labour) as an implementing Agency to sensitise in general for the elimination of Child Labour in Andhra Pradesh. EFSI – AP Branch as one of the Executive Agencies has to take up the following activities among other things; 1.	1.               To conduct a State Level Workshop of 23 districts for the members of EPSI. 2.	2.               To conduct 10 Awareness-cum-Sensitization and Capacity Building Seminars in various districts for the elimination of Child Labour. 3.	3.               To conduct and take up a Project in any industry in Andhra Pradesh for the elimination of Child Labour. Towards this end and for successful completion of the above activities, EFSI – AP Branch has identified a Focal Point for Child Labour (FPCL), Mr. A.S. Prasad, Sr. General Manager (P & A), AGI Glaspac and advised him to complete the activities assigned to SFSI – AP Branch within the stipulated period. The support structure around FPCL is also selected with “Key senior Members” from HR field from member organizations

RESOURCES AVAILABLE AND NEEDED FOR MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 9.1	GENERAL The scope of the study was limited to cover the organisations connected with safety and health at the state level. Occupational safety and health management at the unit level in the factories covered under the Factories Act, 1948 was limited only to the information available in the annual returns and accident forms. Detailed analysis in the areas related to functioning of Safety Committees, availability of safety reports, etc. as per the provisions of the Act in each of the units was not undertaken as it was outside the scope of this study. In order to identify these problems, a more elaborate and in-depth study is required to be taken up to get a comprehensive information on management of occupational safety and health at unit level. The findings and recommendations as brought out by the study are summarised below : 9.2	RECOMMENDATIONS 1.       Submission of returns by the factories In the State of Andhra Pradesh, there are 36,290 registered factories out of which 30,747 factories are working factories. This includes 15,275 factories registered under Section 85(i). The number of factories submitting returns is 10348. As the annual returns contain vital information such as average daily employment, man-hours worked, man-days lost, number of accidents, provision of health and welfare facilities, etc. which are essential for the compilation of State level inventory on Occupational Safety and Health, it is recommended that the submission of annual returns should be made compulsory for all the registered factories. 2.	2.                Analysis of Accidents The analysis of accidents according to industry reveals that 22 % of the total fatal accidents are in the ‘Manufacture of food products & beverages’ and  60.27 % of total Non Fatal accidents are in the "Manufacture of Textile". The Causation-wise analysis of fatal accidents indicates “person falling” accounted for 22 % of the total accidents and non fatal accidents indicates “Stepping and Striking against object” accounted for 14.30 % of the total accidents followed by 32.61 % of total accidents accounted for "Others" reason. The analysis is indicative of the fact that more enforcement and training efforts are required in the above mentioned classifications. It is therefore, recommended that housekeeping measures and use of personal protective equipment should be insisted upon during the inspection rounds of the enforcement authorities and during the training sessions. 3.	3.                Organising Seminars, Workshops, etc. In addition to what is being done by the non-governmental organization such as the National Safety Council AP Chapter, the Loss Prevention Association of India may also take up similar activities in the field of Occupational Safety and Health on a large scale. This should include organizing Seminars, Workshops on the issues arising out of liberalization, privatization and globalization, modern manufacturing techniques, technological developments in the field of manufacturing etc. vis-a-vis their impact on the safety, health and welfare of the workers. 4.	4.                Training for Trade Union Officials In order to promote safety, health and welfare of workers employed in factories, training programmes, seminars and workshops should be organized to increase the awareness of the Trade Union Officials in the field of occupational safety and health. The Unit level Trade Union Officials should be involved in training and education of workers in the field of Occupational Safety and Health. In such programmes, more emphasis should be given on the role of Union Leaders in the field of Safety and Health at the workplace. 5.	5.                Collection and Dissemination of Data on Occupational Safety and Health in the State While collecting the statistics regarding the factories as well as the accidents, it was found by the study team that although the factories were submitting the annual returns in the prescribed format to the local offices as well as to the Regional Offices and Headquarters, the information was not being compiled and sent to the Headquarters in time. As a result the collected information could not be processed and the trends regarding various parameters on occupational safety and health could not be established. A closer examination of the issue reveals that the information at the field level could not be compiled or is taking time for compilation because of manpower shortage. It is, therefore, suggested that all field level offices should be equipped with suitable computer facilities and linked to the regional offices and headquarters for smooth and quick flow of information. This arrangement will also improve the communication among the offices under the Chief Inspector of Factories leading to effective implementation of the orders issued under the provisions of the Factories Act eliminating the delays. 6.  Constitution of State Level Tripartite Committee In order to review the status of safety, health and welfare in the factories and formulate an action plan on the basis of findings from time to time, a state level tripartite committee on occupational safety and health should be constituted under the Chairmanship of the Labour Minister. In this committee representatives of Government departments, connected with factories and labour, representatives of employers’ and employees’ may be included. This is also in line with the recommendations made by Standing Labour Committee to the Indian Labour Conference. 7. Interaction between DGFASLI and CIF Office For better interaction between DGFASLI, RLI and CIF Office and for exchange of information relating to Occupational Safety and Health frequent interaction among the officers DGFASLI and the CIF Office is necessary.

REFERENCES 1.	Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh 2003 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. Of Andhra Pradesh 2003. 2.	Economic Survey (2002-2003) Planning Department, A.P. Secreteriat, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. 3.	3.                 The Factories Act, 1948 and AP State Rules 4.	4.                 ILO Code of Practice for Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and diseases 5.	5.                 Annual Report (2002-03) of The Employers Federation Of South India. 6.	6.                 Broucher - The Federation Of Andhra Pradesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry. 7.	7.                 Report from Fire and Emergency Service Department, Govt. of A.P. 8.	8. Report from Andhra Pradesh Productivity Council, Hyderabad. 9.	9.                 Report from Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board. 10.	10.            Report from Regional Labour Commissioner (Central) 11.	11.            Report from Directorate Of Economics and Statistics. 12.	12.            Report from The Singareni Collieries Company Limited. 13.	13.            Report from Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Hyderabad. 14.	14.            Report From National Safety Council of India, Andhra Pradesh Chapter. 15.	15.            Report from Central Board of Workers Education. 16.	16.            Annual Report (2001-02) from the Directorate of Factories, Andhra Pradesh. 17.	17.            Annual Report of RLI, Chennai.

THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 THE THIRD SCHEDULE (See Section 89 and 90) List of Notifiable Diseases 1)	Lead poisoning including poisoning by any preparation or compound of lead or their sequelae. 2)	Lead tetra-ethyl poisoning. 3)	Phosphorous poisoning or its sequelae. 4)	Mercury poisoning or its sequelae. 5)	Manganese poisoning or its sequelae. 6)	Arsenic poisoning or its sequelae. 7)	Poisoning by nitrous fumes. 8)	Carbon bisulphide poisoning. 9)	Benzene poisoning, including poisoning by any of its homologues, their nitro or amido derivatives or its sequelae. 10)	Chrome ulceration or its sequelae. 11)	Anthrax 12)	Silicosis 13)	Poisoning by halogens or halogen derivatives of the hydrocarbons, of the aliphatic series. 14)	Pathological manifestation due to: a)	radium or other radioactive substances	b)	X-rays. 15)	Primary epitheliomatous cancer of the skin 16)	Toxic anaemia 17)	Toxic jaundice due to poisonous substances. 18)	Oil acne or dermatitis due to mineral oils and compounds containing mineral oil base. 19)	Byssionosis 20)	Asbestosis 21)	Occupational or contact dermatitis caused by direct contact with chemical and paints. These are of types, that is, primary irritants and allergic sensitizers. 22)	Noise induced hearing loss (exposure to high noise levels). 23)	Beryllium poisoning. 24)	Carbon monoxide 25)	Coal miners’ pneumoconiosis 26)	Phosgene poisoning 27)	Occupational cancer 28)	Isocyanates poisoning 29)	Toxic nephritis. ANNEXURE - II EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948 THE THIRD SCHEDULE List of Occupational Diseases PART – A Sl. No.	Occupational Disease	Employment 1	Infectious and parasitic diseases contracted in an occupation where there is a particular risk of contamination.	a) All work involving exposure to health or laboratory work; b) All work involving exposure to veterinary work. c) Work relating to handling animals, animal carcasses, part of such carcasses, or merchandise which may have been contaminated by animals or animal carcasses; d) Other work carrying a particular risk of contamination. 2	Diseases caused by work in compressed air.	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 3	Diseases caused by lead or its toxic compounds.	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 4	Poisoning by nitrous fumes	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 5	Poisoning by organphosphorus compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. PART – B Sl. No.	Occupational Disease	Employment 1	Diseases caused by phosphorus or its toxic compounds.	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 2	Diseases caused by mercury or its toxic compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 3	Diseases caused by benzene or its toxic homologues	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 4	Diseases caused by nitro and amino toxic derivatives of benzene or its homologues	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 5	Diseases caused by chromium or its toxic compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 6	Diseases caused by arsenic or its toxic compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 7	Diseases caused by readioactive substances and ionizing radiations	All work involving exposure to the reaction of readioactive substances or ionizing radiations. 8	Primary epithelomatous cancer of the skin caused by tar, pitch bitumen, mineral oil, anthracene or the compounds, products or residues of these substances	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 9	Diseases caused by the toxic halogen derivatives by hydrocarbons (of the aliphatic and aromatic series)	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 10	Diseases caused by the carbon disulphide	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 11	Occupational cataract due to infra-red radiations	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 12	Diseases caused by manganese or its toxic compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 13	Skin diseases caused by physical, chemical or biological agents not included in other items. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 14	Hearing impairment caused by noise. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 15	Poisoning by dinitrophenol or a homologue or by substituted dinitrophenol or by the salts of such substances. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 16	Diseases caused by beryllium or its toxic compounds. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 17	Diseases caused by cadmium or its toxic compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 18	Occupational asthma caused by recognized sensitizing agents inherent to the work process	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 19	Diseases caused by fluorine or its toxic compounds	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 20	Diseases caused by nitroglycerine or other nitroacid esters. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 21	Diseases caused by alcohols and ketones	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 22	Diseases caused by asphyxiants, carbon monoxide, and its toxic derivatives, hydrogen sulfide. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 23	Lung cancer and mesotheliomas caused by asbestos. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 24	Primary neoplasm of the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder or the kidneys or the ureter. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. PART – C Sl. No.	Occupational Disease	Employment 1	Pneumoconiosis caused by solerogenic mineral dust (silicosis, anthraoosilicosis asbestosis) and silico tuberculosis provided that silicosis is an essential factor in causing the resultant incapacity or death. All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 2	Bagassosis	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 3	Bronchopulmonary diseases caused by cotton, flax hemp and sisal dust (Byssinosis)	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 4	Extrinsic allergic alvoelities caused by the inhalation of organic dusts	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned. 5	Bronchopulmonary diseases caused by hard metals	All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(Source : Statistical Abstract of AP- 2003, AND Web if Dept of Factories)