User:Peaceray/Converting Havard citations to shortened footnotes (sfn)/Frede (Suzanne Baulé)2

Suzanne Jeanne Baulé (8 November 1914, Paris-13 February 1976, Mareil-le-Guyon), popularly known as Frede, was a host and manager of cabarets in Paris and Biarritz.

Candidly lesbian, Frede was the first to allow women to dance together in a classic cabaret. She is known for her relationships with actresses Marlene Dietrich, Zina Rachevsky, Lana Marconi, and Maria Félix. The writer Patrick Modiano mentions Frede in several books.

Debut at Monocle and meeting with Marlene Dietrich
Suzanne Jeanne Baulé was born in Paris on November 8, 1914, to a plumassier and an insurance agent, who called her Jeannette. They lived at 19 Rue Labat, in the in the 18th arrondissement of Paris. Suzanne studied at the École Duperré before starting to work by painting sets at the Folies-Bergère. she became a trainer at Le Monocle, a women's nightclub located on in Paris. It was at this time and throughout the rest of her life that she adopted the pseudonym of Frede and exclusively wearing men's clothing. One evening in December 1935, at Le Monocle, she met Anaïs Nin. In her diary, Nin describes Frede's "bright" blue eyes, "round face", "little nose" and "soft features".

It was also at Le Monocle that she met Marlene Dietrich in 1936, with whom she had a romantic affair until the war. Correspondence in the Marlene Dietrich archives in Berlin indicates that he two women remained friends until the 1970s.

With the support of Dietrich, Frede left Le Monocle and opened her own female cabaret in December 1938. Located at 58 Rue Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, near Quartier Pigalle, it was named La Silhouette, after a famous women's cabaret in Berlin of which Dietrich was fond.

World War II
Shortly after the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Frede left Paris and La Silhouette, and went on an exodus to Biarritz. In December 1939, with her partner Germaine Dupuy, she opened a night establishment, Le Touch-Wood, on Boulevard de la Grande-Plage [Big Beach Boulevard].

She remained in Biarritz until 1943, when she temporarily returned to Paris. She then worked for a while at the Triolet,, at the top of Champs-Élysées, then hid until the end of the hidden war with her younger brother Pierre in Voisines, Yonne.

Le Carroll's
Returning to Paris at the end of the war, Frede ran a bar in 1945-46 located at Villaret-de-Joyeuse Square. In 1948, she was hired as director of the cabaret Le Carroll's, located at 36 Rue de Ponthieu, near the Champs-Elysées. It became one of the most chic cabarets in Paris, with shows with Charles Aznavour, Dany Dauberson, and Mouloudji. Some of the other performers recorded a 1959 record, Une soirée exceptionnelle au Carroll’s présentée par Frede. These shows attract many personalities, particularly from the world of cinema: Brigitte Bardot, Arletty, Orson Welles, Gary Cooper, Rita Hayworth, Marlon Brando, Jean Gabin, Françoise Sagan, and Erich von Stroheim.

In 1949, Frede was the first to allow women to dance together in a classical cabaret, although the law prohibited it. Little by little, she changes the atmosphere of Le Carroll's, which becomes a place for lesbians tomeet.

During this period, she maintains relationships with actresses Zina Rachewsky and Lana Marconi, the last wife Sacha Guitry. "I practically lived with Sacha for four years," said Frede in 1974. She also had a passionate he Mexican star.Maria Félix.

In 1960, the owner of Carroll's, Jacques Sicre, felt that Frede had had her day. He entrusted the establishment to a former actor, François Patrice, who renamed it La Licorne. Frede and her American companion, Miki Leff, create a nightclub also called Le Carroll's, at 12 Rue Sainte-Anne, the site of the former La Vie Parisienne, held before the Second World War by Suzy Solidor, and then picked up by. Here, the patrons included Salvador Dali, Michèle Morgan, Pauline Carton, Darryl Zanuck, and, once again, Dietrich.

Suffering from leukemia, in September 1970, Frede finally sold this second Carroll's to Fabrice Emaer. She retired to her country house in Mareil-Le-Guyon. Frede died there, attended by her companion, Leff, on February 13, 1976.

The France-Soir newspaper wrote in her obituary that "The one who, for civil status, was never more than Frédérique Baulé [sic], must be considered as one of the greatest seducers of her time." She is buried in the cemetery of Mareil-le-Guyon.

Portrayal by Patrick Modiano
The writer Patrick Modiano, whose mother knew Frede, was fascinated by this woman who always dressed as a man. He makes him one of the characters in his novel and chooses a drawing representing her to illustrate the cover of the first two pocket editions (Folio collection). He also mentions it in his autobiography (Folio collection, pp 35-36).